CWE-119
DiscouragedImproper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Abstraction: Class · Status: Stable
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
17496 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2RQ6-M3FR-FFM2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:40 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:40Buffer overflow in the RunCmd method in the Altiris eXpress NS Console Utilities ActiveX control in AeXNSConsoleUtilities.dll in the web console in Symantec Altiris Deployment Solution 6.9.x, Altiris Notification Server 6.0.x, and Management Platform 7.0.x allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long string in the second argument.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-3033"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-11-25T16:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Buffer overflow in the RunCmd method in the Altiris eXpress NS Console Utilities ActiveX control in AeXNSConsoleUtilities.dll in the web console in Symantec Altiris Deployment Solution 6.9.x, Altiris Notification Server 6.0.x, and Management Platform 7.0.x allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long string in the second argument.",
"id": "GHSA-2rq6-m3fr-ffm2",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:40:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:40:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-3033"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/54415"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.altiris.com/article.asp?article=50072\u0026p=1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.altiris.com/article.asp?article=50279\u0026p=1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/60496"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/37092"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.symantec.com/security_response/securityupdates/detail.jsp?fid=security_advisory\u0026pvid=security_advisory\u0026year=2009\u0026suid=20091124_00"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/3328"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2RQJ-7X75-2684
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-02 12:31 – Updated: 2026-04-02 12:31A vulnerability was found in Cesanta Mongoose up to 7.20. This impacts the function handle_mdns_record of the file mongoose.c of the component mDNS Record Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument buf results in stack-based buffer overflow. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. A high degree of complexity is needed for the attack. The exploitability is said to be difficult. The exploit has been made public and could be used. Upgrading to version 7.21 will fix this issue. The patch is named 0d882f1b43ff2308b7486a56a9d60cd6dba8a3f1. You should upgrade the affected component. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5245"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-02T10:16:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Cesanta Mongoose up to 7.20. This impacts the function handle_mdns_record of the file mongoose.c of the component mDNS Record Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument buf results in stack-based buffer overflow. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. A high degree of complexity is needed for the attack. The exploitability is said to be difficult. The exploit has been made public and could be used. Upgrading to version 7.21 will fix this issue. The patch is named 0d882f1b43ff2308b7486a56a9d60cd6dba8a3f1. You should upgrade the affected component. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.",
"id": "GHSA-2rqj-7x75-2684",
"modified": "2026-04-02T12:31:05Z",
"published": "2026-04-02T12:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5245"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/commit/0d882f1b43ff2308b7486a56a9d60cd6dba8a3f1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/releases/tag/7.21"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/770103"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/354826"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/354826/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RQP-7MG5-P5J7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:05 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:05The tt_sbit_decoder_load_image function in sfnt/ttsbit.c in FreeType before 2.5.4 does not properly check for an integer overflow, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted OpenType font.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-9656"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-02-08T11:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The tt_sbit_decoder_load_image function in sfnt/ttsbit.c in FreeType before 2.5.4 does not properly check for an integer overflow, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted OpenType font.",
"id": "GHSA-2rqp-7mg5-p5j7",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:05:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:05:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-9656"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201503-05"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://advisories.mageia.org/MGASA-2015-0083.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://code.google.com/p/google-security-research/issues/detail?id=196"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/freetype/freetype2.git/commit/?id=f0292bb9920aa1dbfed5f53861e7c7a89b35833a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2015-February/150148.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2015-February/150162.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2015-03/msg00091.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2015/dsa-3188"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2015:055"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/bulletinapr2015-2511959.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/72986"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2510-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2739-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2RRP-7C8V-XF6V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:36 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:36Stack-based buffer overflow in the _lib_spawn_user_getpid function in (1) swatch.exe and (2) surgemail.exe in NetWin SurgeMail 38k4 and earlier, and beta 39a, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via an HTTP request with multiple long headers to webmail.exe and unspecified other CGI executables, which triggers an overflow when assigning values to environment variables. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-1054"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-02-27T19:44:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Stack-based buffer overflow in the _lib_spawn_user_getpid function in (1) swatch.exe and (2) surgemail.exe in NetWin SurgeMail 38k4 and earlier, and beta 39a, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via an HTTP request with multiple long headers to webmail.exe and unspecified other CGI executables, which triggers an overflow when assigning values to environment variables. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.",
"id": "GHSA-2rrp-7c8v-xf6v",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:36:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:36:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-1054"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/40834"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://aluigi.altervista.org/adv/surgemailz-adv.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29105"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/3705"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/488741/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/27992"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1019500"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/0678"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2RV4-Q294-JG8R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:42 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:42Stack-based buffer overflow in PccScan.dll before build 1451 in Trend Micro AntiVirus plus AntiSpyware 2008, Internet Security 2008, and Internet Security Pro 2008 allows user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service (SfCtlCom.exe crash), and allows local users to gain privileges, via a malformed .zip archive with a long name, as demonstrated by a .zip file created via format string specifiers in a crafted .uue file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-6386"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-12-15T02:46:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Stack-based buffer overflow in PccScan.dll before build 1451 in Trend Micro AntiVirus plus AntiSpyware 2008, Internet Security 2008, and Internet Security Pro 2008 allows user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service (SfCtlCom.exe crash), and allows local users to gain privileges, via a malformed .zip archive with a long name, as demonstrated by a .zip file created via format string specifiers in a crafted .uue file.",
"id": "GHSA-2rv4-q294-jg8r",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:42:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:42:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-6386"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/38982"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://esupport.trendmicro.com/support/viewxml.do?ContentID=1036464"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/39769"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/39770"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/28038"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secway.org/advisory/AD20071211.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1019079"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/4191"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2RV9-5CW2-MMFG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:49 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:49Buffer overflow in eEye Retina WiFi Scanner 1.0.8.68, as used in Retina Network Security Scanner 5.10.14, allows user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or execute arbitrary code via a .rws file with a long RWS010 entry.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-3859"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-11-04T17:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Buffer overflow in eEye Retina WiFi Scanner 1.0.8.68, as used in Retina Network Security Scanner 5.10.14, allows user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or execute arbitrary code via a .rws file with a long RWS010 entry.",
"id": "GHSA-2rv9-5cw2-mmfg",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:49:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:49:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-3859"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/51625"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/55744"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://research.eeye.com/html/advisories/published/AD20090710.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/35786"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/9114"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/35624"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1022534"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/1862"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2RVX-JPM5-G848
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-11 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-11 21:31A vulnerability was determined in strukturag libheif up to 1.21.2. This affects the function vvdec_push_data2 of the file libheif/plugins/decoder_vvdec.cc of the component HEIF File Parser. Executing a manipulation of the argument size can lead to out-of-bounds read. The attack needs to be launched locally. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. This patch is called b97c8b5f198b27f375127cd597a35f2113544d03. It is advisable to implement a patch to correct this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-3949"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-11T19:16:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in strukturag libheif up to 1.21.2. This affects the function vvdec_push_data2 of the file libheif/plugins/decoder_vvdec.cc of the component HEIF File Parser. Executing a manipulation of the argument size can lead to out-of-bounds read. The attack needs to be launched locally. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. This patch is called b97c8b5f198b27f375127cd597a35f2113544d03. It is advisable to implement a patch to correct this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-2rvx-jpm5-g848",
"modified": "2026-03-11T21:31:03Z",
"published": "2026-03-11T21:31:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3949"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/issues/1712"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/issues/1712#issuecomment-3947938531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/commit/b97c8b5f198b27f375127cd597a35f2113544d03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/biniamf/pocs/tree/main/libheif_vvdec"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.350381"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.350381"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.765979"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RWW-6W7Q-W5GQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:29 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:29An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Xcode before 9 is affected. The issue involves the "ld64" component. It allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted Mach-O file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-7134"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-23T01:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. Xcode before 9 is affected. The issue involves the \"ld64\" component. It allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted Mach-O file.",
"id": "GHSA-2rww-6w7q-w5gq",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:29:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:29:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-7134"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT208103"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100894"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039386"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RXP-2CCG-VG6G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-16 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-23 00:03An issue was discovered in FIS GT.M through V7.0-000 (related to the YottaDB code base). Using crafted input, an attacker can cause a call to $Extract to force an signed integer holding the size of a buffer to take on a large negative number, which is then used as the length of a memcpy call that occurs on the stack, causing a buffer overflow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-44499"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-15T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in FIS GT.M through V7.0-000 (related to the YottaDB code base). Using crafted input, an attacker can cause a call to $Extract to force an signed integer holding the size of a buffer to take on a large negative number, which is then used as the length of a memcpy call that occurs on the stack, causing a buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-2rxp-2ccg-vg6g",
"modified": "2022-04-23T00:03:14Z",
"published": "2022-04-16T00:00:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44499"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/YottaDB/DB/YDB/-/issues/828"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceforge.net/projects/fis-gtm/files"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tinco.pair.com/bhaskar/gtm/doc/articles/GTM_V7.0-002_Release_Notes.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RXP-43P2-54MP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:00 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:00In MicroWorld eScan Internet Security Suite (ISS) for Business 14.0.1400.2029, the driver econceal.sys allows a non-privileged user to send a 0x830020E0 IOCTL request to \.\econceal to cause a denial of service (BSOD).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-10098"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-13T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In MicroWorld eScan Internet Security Suite (ISS) for Business 14.0.1400.2029, the driver econceal.sys allows a non-privileged user to send a 0x830020E0 IOCTL request to \\\\.\\econceal to cause a denial of service (BSOD).",
"id": "GHSA-2rxp-43p2-54mp",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:00:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10098"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2018/Jul/53"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-123: Buffer Manipulation
An adversary manipulates an application's interaction with a buffer in an attempt to read or modify data they shouldn't have access to. Buffer attacks are distinguished in that it is the buffer space itself that is the target of the attack rather than any code responsible for interpreting the content of the buffer. In virtually all buffer attacks the content that is placed in the buffer is immaterial. Instead, most buffer attacks involve retrieving or providing more input than can be stored in the allocated buffer, resulting in the reading or overwriting of other unintended program memory.
CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.
CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion
An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags
This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.
CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call
This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.
CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities
This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.