CWE-119
DiscouragedImproper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Abstraction: Class · Status: Stable
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
17493 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2JXR-423M-CX4G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:34 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:34Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 and 10 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-3119.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-3114"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-06-12T03:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 and 10 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka \"Internet Explorer Memory Corruption Vulnerability,\" a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-3119.",
"id": "GHSA-2jxr-423m-cx4g",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:34:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:34:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-3114"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2013/ms13-047"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A16763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-168A"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2M28-7GPR-CCPM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:15 – Updated: 2025-04-11 03:38The SpreadSheet Lotus 123 reader (wkssr.dll) in Autonomy KeyView 10.4 and 10.9, as used in multiple IBM, Symantec, and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors related to allocation of an array of pointers and "string indexing," which triggers memory corruption.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-1524"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-08-17T20:00:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The SpreadSheet Lotus 123 reader (wkssr.dll) in Autonomy KeyView 10.4 and 10.9, as used in multiple IBM, Symantec, and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors related to allocation of an array of pointers and \"string indexing,\" which triggers memory corruption.",
"id": "GHSA-2m28-7gpr-ccpm",
"modified": "2025-04-11T03:38:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:15:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-1524"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/secunia_research/2010-35"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21440812"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/41928"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.symantec.com/security_response/securityupdates/detail.jsp?fid=security_advisory\u0026pvid=security_advisory\u0026year=2010\u0026suid=20100727_01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2M3F-H89H-6XXR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:29 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:29Off-by-one error in CORE/HDD/src/wlan_hdd_cfg.c in the Qualcomm Wi-Fi driver in Android before 2016-10-05 on Nexus 5X and Android One devices allows attackers to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (buffer overflow) via a crafted application that makes a GET_CFG ioctl call, aka Android internal bug 30874066 and Qualcomm internal bug CR 1000853.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6676"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-10-10T10:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Off-by-one error in CORE/HDD/src/wlan_hdd_cfg.c in the Qualcomm Wi-Fi driver in Android before 2016-10-05 on Nexus 5X and Android One devices allows attackers to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (buffer overflow) via a crafted application that makes a GET_CFG ioctl call, aka Android internal bug 30874066 and Qualcomm internal bug CR 1000853.",
"id": "GHSA-2m3f-h89h-6xxr",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:29:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:29:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.codeaurora.org/quic/la//platform/vendor/qcom-opensource/wlan/qcacld-2.0/commit/?id=6ba9136879232442a182996427e5c88e5a7512a8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2016-10-01.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93328"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2M4H-VP37-6746
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-26 15:31 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:33Memory overflow vulnerability leading to Remote Code Execution and/or Denial of Service in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway when NetScaler is configured as Gateway (VPN virtual server, ICA Proxy, CVPN, RDP Proxy) or AAA virtual server
(OR)
NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway 13.1, 14.1, 13.1-FIPS and NDcPP: LB virtual servers of type (HTTP, SSL or HTTP_QUIC) bound with IPv6 services or servicegroups bound with IPv6 servers
(OR)
NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway 13.1, 14.1, 13.1-FIPS and NDcPP: LB virtual servers of type (HTTP, SSL or HTTP_QUIC) bound with DBS IPv6 services or servicegroups bound with IPv6 DBS servers
(OR)
CR virtual server with type HDX
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7775"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-26T13:15:32Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Memory overflow vulnerability leading to Remote Code Execution and/or Denial of Service in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway when\u00a0NetScaler is configured as Gateway (VPN virtual server, ICA Proxy, CVPN, RDP Proxy) or AAA virtual server\n\n(OR)\n\nNetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway 13.1, 14.1, 13.1-FIPS and NDcPP: LB virtual servers of type (HTTP, SSL or HTTP_QUIC) bound with IPv6 services or servicegroups bound with IPv6 servers \n\n(OR)\n\nNetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway 13.1, 14.1, 13.1-FIPS and NDcPP: LB virtual servers of type (HTTP, SSL or HTTP_QUIC) bound with DBS IPv6 services or servicegroups bound with IPv6 DBS servers\n\n(OR)\n\nCR virtual server with type HDX",
"id": "GHSA-2m4h-vp37-6746",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:33:20Z",
"published": "2025-08-26T15:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7775"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.citrix.com/support-home/kbsearch/article?articleNumber=CTX694938"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-7775"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2M54-8M6G-QF93
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-06-30 18:46Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-6xw4-2g22-26h8. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
A security vulnerability has been detected in Open Babel up to 3.1.1. The affected element is the function OpenBabel::transform3d::DescribeAsString of the file src/math/transform3d.cpp of the component CIF File Handler. The manipulation leads to out-of-bounds read. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "openbabel"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-30T18:46:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-19T07:17:49Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "## Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-6xw4-2g22-26h8. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nA security vulnerability has been detected in Open Babel up to 3.1.1. The affected element is the function OpenBabel::transform3d::DescribeAsString of the file src/math/transform3d.cpp of the component CIF File Handler. The manipulation leads to out-of-bounds read. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
"id": "GHSA-2m54-8m6g-qf93",
"modified": "2026-06-30T18:46:03Z",
"published": "2026-02-19T18:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/security/advisories/GHSA-6xw4-2g22-26h8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2704"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/issues/2848"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/pull/2862"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/VedantMadane/openbabel/commit/e23a224b8fd9d7c2a7cde9ef4ec6afb4c05aa08a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/oneafter/0128/blob/main/ob1/repro.cif"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/releases/tag/openbabel-3-2-0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.346650"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.346650"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.754378"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/754378"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/346650"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/346650/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Open Babel has an out-of-bounds read in CIF transform3d::DescribeAsString",
"withdrawn": "2026-06-30T18:46:03Z"
}
GHSA-2M57-99R8-VG66
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:57 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:57Buffer overflow in the dissect_tlv function in epan/dissectors/packet-ldp.c in the LDP dissector in Wireshark 1.8.x before 1.8.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a malformed packet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-5240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-10-04T19:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Buffer overflow in the dissect_tlv function in epan/dissectors/packet-ldp.c in the LDP dissector in Wireshark 1.8.x before 1.8.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a malformed packet.",
"id": "GHSA-2m57-99r8-vg66",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:57:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:57:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-5240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.wireshark.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7046"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.wireshark.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7567"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A15691"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://anonsvn.wireshark.org/viewvc/trunk/epan/dissectors/packet-ldp.c?r1=44801\u0026r2=44800\u0026pathrev=44801"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://anonsvn.wireshark.org/viewvc?view=revision\u0026revision=44801"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/55754"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1027604"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.wireshark.org/security/wnpa-sec-2012-29.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2M5H-FR2P-PRRM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:16 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:16Multiple heap-based buffer overflows in the j2k_read_sot function in j2k.c in OpenJPEG 1.5 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) tile number or (2) tile length in a JPEG 2000 image file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-3358"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-07-18T23:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple heap-based buffer overflows in the j2k_read_sot function in j2k.c in OpenJPEG 1.5 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) tile number or (2) tile length in a JPEG 2000 image file.",
"id": "GHSA-2m5h-fr2p-prrm",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:16:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:16:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-3358"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012:1068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2012-3358"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=835767"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/76850"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://code.google.com/p/openjpeg/source/detail?r=1727"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/83741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-1068.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/49913"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2012:104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/07/11/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/54373"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2M5Q-52FX-W72M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:09 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:09The kernel extension in Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client 4.0(2049) on OS X allows local users to cause a denial of service (panic) via vectors involving contiguous memory locations, aka Bug ID CSCut12255.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-4290"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-07-29T14:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The kernel extension in Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client 4.0(2049) on OS X allows local users to cause a denial of service (panic) via vectors involving contiguous memory locations, aka Bug ID CSCut12255.",
"id": "GHSA-2m5q-52fx-w72m",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:09:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:09:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-4290"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/viewAlert.x?alertId=40176"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1033113"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2M76-JW89-JX9C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:55 – Updated: 2025-04-11 04:16The decode_frame function in libavcodec/eamad.c in FFmpeg before 1.1 allows remote attackers to have an unspecified impact via crafted Electronic Arts Madcow video data, which triggers an out-of-bounds array access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-0851"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-12-07T21:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The decode_frame function in libavcodec/eamad.c in FFmpeg before 1.1 allows remote attackers to have an unspecified impact via crafted Electronic Arts Madcow video data, which triggers an out-of-bounds array access.",
"id": "GHSA-2m76-jw89-jx9c",
"modified": "2025-04-11T04:16:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:55:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-0851"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git%3Ba=commitdiff%3Bh=63ac64864c6e0e84355aa3caa5b92208997a9a8d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git;a=commitdiff;h=63ac64864c6e0e84355aa3caa5b92208997a9a8d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ffmpeg.org/security.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2M7M-J3MQ-9G6P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-07-14 18:30A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in gmg137 snap7-rs up to 1.142.1. Affected by this issue is the function pthread_cond_destroy of the component Public API. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7616"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-14T16:15:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in gmg137 snap7-rs up to 1.142.1. Affected by this issue is the function pthread_cond_destroy of the component Public API. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-2m7m-j3mq-9g6p",
"modified": "2025-07-14T18:30:42Z",
"published": "2025-07-14T18:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7616"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/gmg137/snap7-rs/issues/ICBIOB"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.316316"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.316316"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-123: Buffer Manipulation
An adversary manipulates an application's interaction with a buffer in an attempt to read or modify data they shouldn't have access to. Buffer attacks are distinguished in that it is the buffer space itself that is the target of the attack rather than any code responsible for interpreting the content of the buffer. In virtually all buffer attacks the content that is placed in the buffer is immaterial. Instead, most buffer attacks involve retrieving or providing more input than can be stored in the allocated buffer, resulting in the reading or overwriting of other unintended program memory.
CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.
CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion
An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags
This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.
CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call
This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.
CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities
This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.