Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-119

Discouraged

Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

Abstraction: Class · Status: Stable

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.

17493 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-2F92-GFHP-7PV8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-12 12:30 – Updated: 2024-05-14 18:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been identified in Cerberus PRO EN Engineering Tool (All versions), Cerberus PRO EN Fire Panel FC72x (All versions < IP8 SR4), Cerberus PRO EN X200 Cloud Distribution (All versions < V4.3.5618), Cerberus PRO EN X300 Cloud Distribution (All versions < V4.3.5617), Sinteso FS20 EN Engineering Tool (All versions), Sinteso FS20 EN Fire Panel FC20 (All versions < MP8 SR4), Sinteso FS20 EN X200 Cloud Distribution (All versions < V4.3.5618), Sinteso FS20 EN X300 Cloud Distribution (All versions < V4.3.5617), Sinteso Mobile (All versions). The network communication library in affected systems improperly handles memory buffers when parsing X.509 certificates. This could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash the network service.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-22041"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-12T11:15:48Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been identified in Cerberus PRO EN Engineering Tool (All versions), Cerberus PRO EN Fire Panel FC72x (All versions \u003c IP8 SR4), Cerberus PRO EN X200 Cloud Distribution (All versions \u003c V4.3.5618), Cerberus PRO EN X300 Cloud Distribution (All versions \u003c V4.3.5617), Sinteso FS20 EN Engineering Tool (All versions), Sinteso FS20 EN Fire Panel FC20 (All versions \u003c MP8 SR4), Sinteso FS20 EN X200 Cloud Distribution (All versions \u003c V4.3.5618), Sinteso FS20 EN X300 Cloud Distribution (All versions \u003c V4.3.5617), Sinteso Mobile (All versions). The network communication library in affected systems improperly handles memory buffers when parsing X.509 certificates.\nThis could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash the network service.",
  "id": "GHSA-2f92-gfhp-7pv8",
  "modified": "2024-05-14T18:30:34Z",
  "published": "2024-03-12T12:30:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22041"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-225840.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-953710.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2F9C-V7C3-MH76

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:45 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:45
VLAI
Details

Symantec PGP Desktop 10.0.x through 10.2.x and Encryption Desktop Professional 10.3.x before 10.3.2 MP1 do not properly perform memory copies, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (read access violation and application crash) via a malformed certificate.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-1646"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2014-04-23T19:55:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Symantec PGP Desktop 10.0.x through 10.2.x and Encryption Desktop Professional 10.3.x before 10.3.2 MP1 do not properly perform memory copies, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (read access violation and application crash) via a malformed certificate.",
  "id": "GHSA-2f9c-v7c3-mh76",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T04:45:44Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T04:45:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-1646"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/67016"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.symantec.com/security_response/securityupdates/detail.jsp?fid=security_advisory\u0026pvid=security_advisory\u0026year=\u0026suid=20140423_00"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-2F9P-2HQC-99X2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:31 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:31
VLAI
Details

IrfanView 4.50 - 64bit with CADImage plugin version 12.0.0.5 allows attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted .dwg file, related to a "Read Access Violation starting at CADIMAGE+0x00000000003d246f."

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-15737"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-10-22T20:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "IrfanView 4.50 - 64bit with CADImage plugin version 12.0.0.5 allows attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted .dwg file, related to a \"Read Access Violation starting at CADIMAGE+0x00000000003d246f.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-2f9p-2hqc-99x2",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T00:31:12Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T00:31:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-15737"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/wlinzi/security_advisories/tree/master/CVE-2017-15737"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2FC5-5JJF-FMX7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 00:55 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:55
VLAI
Details

The SQLWriteFileDSN function in odbcinst/SQLWriteFileDSN.c in unixODBC 2.3.5 has strncpy arguments in the wrong order, which allows attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-7485"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-02-26T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The SQLWriteFileDSN function in odbcinst/SQLWriteFileDSN.c in unixODBC 2.3.5 has strncpy arguments in the wrong order, which allows attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact.",
  "id": "GHSA-2fc5-5jjf-fmx7",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T00:55:07Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T00:55:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-7485"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/lurcher/unixODBC/commit/45ef78e037f578b15fc58938a3a3251655e71d6f#diff-d52750c7ba4e594410438569d8e2963aL24"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2336"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103193"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2FCP-WR9W-5JJR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:17 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:17
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 10.3.2 is affected. Safari before 10.1.1 is affected. tvOS before 10.2.1 is affected. The issue involves the "WebKit" component. It allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-2505"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-05-22T05:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 10.3.2 is affected. Safari before 10.1.1 is affected. tvOS before 10.2.1 is affected. The issue involves the \"WebKit\" component. It allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site.",
  "id": "GHSA-2fcp-wr9w-5jjr",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:17:53Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:17:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2505"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201706-15"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/HT207798"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/HT207801"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/HT207804"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98473"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038487"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2FF5-V85J-347Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-09 03:30 – Updated: 2025-07-09 03:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in 9fans plan9port up to 9da5b44. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function edump in the library /src/plan9port/src/libsec/port/x509.c. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This product takes the approach of rolling releases to provide continious delivery. Therefore, version details for affected and updated releases are not available. The identifier of the patch is b3e06559475b0130a7a2fb56ac4d131d13d2012f. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
2.0 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-7208"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-09T01:15:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in 9fans plan9port up to 9da5b44. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function edump in the library /src/plan9port/src/libsec/port/x509.c. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This product takes the approach of rolling releases to provide continious delivery. Therefore, version details for affected and updated releases are not available. The identifier of the patch is b3e06559475b0130a7a2fb56ac4d131d13d2012f. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-2ff5-v85j-347q",
  "modified": "2025-07-09T03:30:23Z",
  "published": "2025-07-09T03:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7208"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/9fans/plan9port/issues/710#issuecomment-2819906648"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1kedwNLNDiFQB2OAp7S-ZKYoF7nxfIZGO?usp=sharing"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.9front.org/plan9front/plan9front/b3e06559475b0130a7a2fb56ac4d131d13d2012f/commit.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/19698345/plan9port_crash_1.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.259053"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.259053"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.304567"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.607684"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2FF7-7PRG-8Q6Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:37 – Updated: 2025-04-12 13:01
VLAI
Details

The NVIDIA Graphics Drivers subsystem in Apple OS X before 10.11.5 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted app, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-1846.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-1861"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-06-19T20:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The NVIDIA Graphics Drivers subsystem in Apple OS X before 10.11.5 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted app, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-1846.",
  "id": "GHSA-2ff7-7prg-8q6q",
  "modified": "2025-04-12T13:01:21Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T03:37:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1861"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=724"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/HT206567"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39930"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/May/msg00004.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2FH5-8393-P7M3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:16 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:16
VLAI
Details

Buffer overflow in PTW-WMS1 firmware version 2.000.012 allows remote attackers to conduct denial-of-service attacks via unspecified vectors.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-10901"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-12-01T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Buffer overflow in PTW-WMS1 firmware version 2.000.012 allows remote attackers to conduct denial-of-service attacks via unspecified vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-2fh5-8393-p7m3",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T00:16:24Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T00:16:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-10901"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN98295787/index.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2FH8-HVQX-49WH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:44 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:44
VLAI
Details

Insufficient bounds checking of data during inter-process communication might allow a compromised content process to be able to read memory from the parent process under certain conditions. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 66.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-9799"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-04-26T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Insufficient bounds checking of data during inter-process communication might allow a compromised content process to be able to read memory from the parent process under certain conditions. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 66.",
  "id": "GHSA-2fh8-hvqx-49wh",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T16:44:47Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:44:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9799"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1505678"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2019-07"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-2FHQ-MMHR-8HCV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-06 03:31 – Updated: 2026-03-06 03:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was identified in Wavlink WL-NU516U1 V240425. This vulnerability affects the function sub_401A0C of the file /cgi-bin/login.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument ipaddr leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.

Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.3 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-3613"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-06T02:15:51Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was identified in Wavlink WL-NU516U1 V240425. This vulnerability affects the function sub_401A0C of the file /cgi-bin/login.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument ipaddr leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.",
  "id": "GHSA-2fhq-mmhr-8hcv",
  "modified": "2026-03-06T03:31:34Z",
  "published": "2026-03-06T03:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3613"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Wlz1112/WAVLINK-NU516-V240425/blob/main/ipaddr_Stack%20Buffer%20Overflow.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.349221"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.349221"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.755341"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

  • Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
  • Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
  • Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
  • Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
  • When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
  • Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
  • If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation

Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.

CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables

This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.

CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers

Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.

CAPEC-123: Buffer Manipulation

An adversary manipulates an application's interaction with a buffer in an attempt to read or modify data they shouldn't have access to. Buffer attacks are distinguished in that it is the buffer space itself that is the target of the attack rather than any code responsible for interpreting the content of the buffer. In virtually all buffer attacks the content that is placed in the buffer is immaterial. Instead, most buffer attacks involve retrieving or providing more input than can be stored in the allocated buffer, resulting in the reading or overwriting of other unintended program memory.

CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow

This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.

CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow

In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).

CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion

An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.

CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File

An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.

CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links

This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.

CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags

This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.

CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion

In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.

CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call

This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.

CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities

This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.

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