Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-119
DiscouragedImproper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Abstraction: Class · Status: Stable
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
17505 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2021-41121 (GCVE-0-2021-41121)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-06 17:10 – Updated: 2024-08-04 02:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Memory corruption in Vyper
Summary
Vyper is a Pythonic Smart Contract Language for the EVM. In affected versions when performing a function call inside a literal struct, there is a memory corruption issue that occurs because of an incorrect pointer to the the top of the stack. This issue has been resolved in version 0.3.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/pull/2447 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2021-40400 (GCVE-0-2021-40400)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-04-14 19:56 – Updated: 2025-04-15 19:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the RS-274X aperture macro outline primitive functionality of Gerbv 2.7.0 and dev (commit b5f1eacd) and the forked version of Gerbv (commit d7f42a9a). A specially-crafted Gerber file can lead to information disclosure. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_repor… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gerbv | Gerbv |
Affected:
2.7.0
Affected: dev (commit b5f1eacd) |
|
| Gerbv | Gerbv forked |
Affected:
dev (commit d7f42a9a)
|
Date Public
2022-02-28 00:00
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CVE-2021-40398 (GCVE-0-2021-40398)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-04-14 19:56 – Updated: 2025-04-15 19:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the parse_raster_data functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 19.10. A specially-crafted malformed file can lead to memory corruption. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_repor… | x_refsource_MISC |
Date Public
2022-03-31 00:00
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CVE-2021-40393 (GCVE-0-2021-40393)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-12-22 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-04 02:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the RS-274X aperture macro variables handling functionality of Gerbv 2.7.0 and dev (commit b5f1eacd) and the forked version of Gerbv (commit 71493260). A specially-crafted gerber file can lead to code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_repor… | |
| https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5306 | vendor-advisory |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisory |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023… | mailing-list |
Impacted products
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CVE-2021-40368 (GCVE-0-2021-40368)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-04-12 09:07 – Updated: 2025-04-21 13:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 412-1 DP V7 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 412-2 DP V7 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 412-2 PN/DP V7 (All versions < V7.0.3), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 414-2 DP V7 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 414-3 DP V7 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 414-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions < V7.0.3), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 414F-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions < V7.0.3), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 416-2 DP V7 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 416-3 DP V7 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 416-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions < V7.0.3), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 416F-2 DP V7 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 416F-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions < V7.0.3), SIMATIC S7-400 CPU 417-4 DP V7 (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 H V6 CPU family (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V6.0.10), SIMATIC S7-410 V10 CPU family (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V10.1), SIMATIC S7-410 V8 CPU family (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V8.2.3), SIPLUS S7-400 CPU 414-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions < V7.0.3), SIPLUS S7-400 CPU 416-3 PN/DP V7 (All versions < V7.0.3), SIPLUS S7-400 CPU 416-3 V7 (All versions), SIPLUS S7-400 CPU 417-4 V7 (All versions). Affected devices improperly handle specially crafted packets sent to port 102/tcp.
This could allow an attacker to create a Denial-of-Service condition. A restart is needed to restore normal operations.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
20 products
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CVE-2021-40117 (GCVE-0-2021-40117)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-27 18:56 – Updated: 2024-11-07 21:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software and Firepower Threat Defense Software SSL/TLS Denial of Service Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in SSL/TLS message handler for Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. This vulnerability exists because incoming SSL/TLS packets are not properly processed. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted SSL/TLS packet to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to reload, resulting in a DoS condition.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software |
Affected:
n/a
|
Date Public
2021-10-27 00:00
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CVE-2021-38473 (GCVE-0-2021-38473)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-22 11:22 – Updated: 2024-09-16 19:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
AUVESY Versiondog
Summary
The affected product’s code base doesn’t properly control arguments for specific functions, which could lead to a stack overflow.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-292-01 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUVESY | Versiondog |
Affected:
All , ≤ 8.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2021-08-19 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2021-38442 (GCVE-0-2021-38442)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-18 12:38 – Updated: 2024-09-16 22:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FATEK Automation WinProladder
Summary
FATEK Automation WinProladder versions 3.30 and prior lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing project files, which could result in a heap-corruption condition. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CWE
- CWE-119 - IMPROPER RESTRICTION OF OPERATIONS WITHIN THE BOUNDS OF A MEMORY BUFFER CWE-119
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-280-06 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FATEK Automation | WinProladder |
Affected:
All , ≤ 3.30
(custom)
|
Date Public
2021-10-07 00:00
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CVE-2021-38436 (GCVE-0-2021-38436)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-18 12:39 – Updated: 2024-09-17 01:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FATEK Automation WinProladder
Summary
FATEK Automation WinProladder versions 3.30 and prior lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing project files, which could result in a memory-corruption condition. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CWE
- CWE-119 - IMPROPER RESTRICTION OF OPERATIONS WITHIN THE BOUNDS OF A MEMORY BUFFER CWE-119
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-280-06 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FATEK Automation | WinProladder |
Affected:
All , ≤ 3.30
(custom)
|
Date Public
2021-10-07 00:00
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CVE-2021-38405 (GCVE-0-2021-38405)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-21 18:19 – Updated: 2024-08-04 01:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Siemens Solid Edge, JT2Go, and Teamcenter Visualization Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Summary
The Datalogics APDFL library used in affected products is vulnerable to memory corruption condition while parsing specially crafted PDF files. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | JT2Go |
Affected:
0 , < 13.2.0.7
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | Teamcenter Visualization |
Affected:
12.4 , < 12.4.0.13
(custom)
Affected: 13.1 , < 13.1.0.8 (custom) Affected: 13.2 , < 13.2.0.7 (custom) Affected: 13.3 , < 13.3.0.1 (custom) |
Date Public
2022-06-16 16:46
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"description": "CWE-119",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
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"dateUpdated": "2023-11-21T18:19:10.557Z",
"orgId": "7d14cffa-0d7d-4270-9dc0-52cabd5a23a6",
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"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-301589.pdf"
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"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-22-041-07"
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"value": "\n\u003cp\u003eSiemens has released updates for some of the affected products and \nrecommends updating to the latest versions. Siemens is preparing further\n updates and recommends specific countermeasures for products where \nupdates are not yet available.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eJT2Go: \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/global/en/products/plm-components/jt2go.html\"\u003eUpdate to v13.2.0.7\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;or later version\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eTeamcenter Visualization v13.1: \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://support.sw.siemens.com/\"\u003eUpdate to v13.1.0.9 or later version\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eTeamcenter Visualization v13.2: \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://support.sw.siemens.com/\"\u003eUpdate to v13.2.0.7 or later version\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: var(--wht);\"\u003eTeamcenter Visualization v13.3: \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://support.sw.siemens.com/\"\u003eUpdate to v13.3.0.1 or later version\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: var(--wht);\"\u003ePlease see Siemens security advisory \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-301589.pdf\"\u003eSSA-301589\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: var(--wht);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: var(--wht);\"\u003efor more information.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"
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"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
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"title": "Siemens Solid Edge, JT2Go, and Teamcenter Visualization Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer",
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Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-123: Buffer Manipulation
An adversary manipulates an application's interaction with a buffer in an attempt to read or modify data they shouldn't have access to. Buffer attacks are distinguished in that it is the buffer space itself that is the target of the attack rather than any code responsible for interpreting the content of the buffer. In virtually all buffer attacks the content that is placed in the buffer is immaterial. Instead, most buffer attacks involve retrieving or providing more input than can be stored in the allocated buffer, resulting in the reading or overwriting of other unintended program memory.
CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.
CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion
An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags
This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.
CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call
This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.
CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities
This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.