CWE-119
DiscouragedImproper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Abstraction: Class · Status: Stable
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
17521 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-VX3M-32PC-PFVQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:04 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:04The SIP channel driver (channels/chan_sip.c) in Asterisk Open Source 1.8.17.x through 1.8.22.x, 1.8.23.x before 1.8.23.1, and 11.x before 11.5.1 and Certified Asterisk 1.8.15 before 1.8.15-cert3 and 11.2 before 11.2-cert2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference, segmentation fault, and daemon crash) via an ACK with SDP to a previously terminated channel. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-5641"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-09-09T17:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The SIP channel driver (channels/chan_sip.c) in Asterisk Open Source 1.8.17.x through 1.8.22.x, 1.8.23.x before 1.8.23.1, and 11.x before 11.5.1 and Certified Asterisk 1.8.15 before 1.8.15-cert3 and 11.2 before 11.2-cert2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference, segmentation fault, and daemon crash) via an ACK with SDP to a previously terminated channel. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.",
"id": "GHSA-vx3m-32pc-pfvq",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:04:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:04:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-5641"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.asterisk.org/jira/browse/ASTERISK-21064"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2013-08/0175.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://downloads.asterisk.org/pub/security/AST-2013-004.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/96691"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/bugtraq/2013/Aug/185"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/54534"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/54617"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2013/dsa-2749"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2013:223"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/62021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1028956"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-VX3M-9554-CPQQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-25 03:30 – Updated: 2025-03-25 03:30A vulnerability was found in GNOME libgsf up to 1.14.53. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects the function gsf_property_settings_collec. The manipulation of the argument n_alloced_params leads to heap-based buffer overflow. Attacking locally is a requirement. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2723"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-25T01:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in GNOME libgsf up to 1.14.53. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects the function gsf_property_settings_collec. The manipulation of the argument n_alloced_params leads to heap-based buffer overflow. Attacking locally is a requirement. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-vx3m-9554-cpqq",
"modified": "2025-03-25T03:30:24Z",
"published": "2025-03-25T03:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2723"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.300743"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.300743"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.520183"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gnome.org"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-VX4R-92MJ-VWH4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 06:37 – Updated: 2022-05-01 06:37Stack-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Excel 2000, 2002, and 2003, in Microsoft Office 2000 SP3 and other packages, allows user-assisted attackers to execute arbitrary code via an Excel file with a malformed record with a modified length value, which leads to memory corruption.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-0031"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2006-03-14T23:02:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Stack-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Excel 2000, 2002, and 2003, in Microsoft Office 2000 SP3 and other packages, allows user-assisted attackers to execute arbitrary code via an Excel file with a malformed record with a modified length value, which leads to memory corruption.",
"id": "GHSA-vx4r-92mj-vwh4",
"modified": "2022-05-01T06:37:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T06:37:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-0031"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2006/ms06-012"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/25228"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A1327"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A1525"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A1750"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/fulldisclosure/2006-02/1521.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/19138"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/19238"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/589"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1015766"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.avaya.com/elmodocs2/security/ASA-2006-069.htm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/104302"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/23902"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/427699/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/17101"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA06-073A.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/0950"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-VX52-C9MF-F5Q6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:14 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:14A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft Excel software when the software fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka 'Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability'. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2020-0979.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-0906"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-15T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft Excel software when the software fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka \u0027Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\u0027. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2020-0979.",
"id": "GHSA-vx52-c9mf-f5q6",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:14:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:14:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-0906"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2020-0906"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-VX55-5WH9-VWPM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:48 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:59Recently it was discovered as a part of the research on IoT devices in the most recent firmware for Shekar Endoscope that an attacker connected to the device Wi-Fi SSID can exploit a memory corruption issue and execute remote code on the device. This device acts as an Endoscope camera that allows its users to use it in various industrial systems and settings, car garages, and also in some cases in the medical clinics to get access to areas that are difficult for a human being to reach. Any breach of this system can allow an attacker to get access to video feed and pictures viewed by that user and might allow them to get a foot hold in air gapped networks especially in case of nation critical infrastructure/industries. The firmware contains binary uvc_stream that is the UDP daemon which is responsible for handling all the UDP requests that the device receives. The client application sends a UDP request to change the Wi-Fi name which contains the following format: "SETCMD0001+0002+[2 byte length of wifipassword]+[Wifipassword]. This request is handled by "control_Dev_thread" function which at address "0x00409AE4" compares the incoming request and determines if the 10th byte is 02 and if it is then it redirects to 0x0040A7D8, which calls the function "setwifipassword". The function "setwifipassword" uses a memcpy function but uses the length of the payload obtained by using strlen function as the third parameter which is the number of bytes to copy and this allows an attacker to overflow the function and control the $PC value.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-10724"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-17T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Recently it was discovered as a part of the research on IoT devices in the most recent firmware for Shekar Endoscope that an attacker connected to the device Wi-Fi SSID can exploit a memory corruption issue and execute remote code on the device. This device acts as an Endoscope camera that allows its users to use it in various industrial systems and settings, car garages, and also in some cases in the medical clinics to get access to areas that are difficult for a human being to reach. Any breach of this system can allow an attacker to get access to video feed and pictures viewed by that user and might allow them to get a foot hold in air gapped networks especially in case of nation critical infrastructure/industries. The firmware contains binary uvc_stream that is the UDP daemon which is responsible for handling all the UDP requests that the device receives. The client application sends a UDP request to change the Wi-Fi name which contains the following format: \"SETCMD0001+0002+[2 byte length of wifipassword]+[Wifipassword]. This request is handled by \"control_Dev_thread\" function which at address \"0x00409AE4\" compares the incoming request and determines if the 10th byte is 02 and if it is then it redirects to 0x0040A7D8, which calls the function \"setwifipassword\". The function \"setwifipassword\" uses a memcpy function but uses the length of the payload obtained by using strlen function as the third parameter which is the number of bytes to copy and this allows an attacker to overflow the function and control the $PC value.",
"id": "GHSA-vx55-5wh9-vwpm",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:59:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:48:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-10724"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ethanhunnt/IoT_vulnerabilities/blob/master/Shekar_boriscope_sec_issues.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Jun/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/153241/Shekar-Endoscope-Weak-Default-Settings-Memory-Corruption.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VX5C-598G-QPG6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:22 – Updated: 2023-11-01 18:09The Chakra JavaScript scripting engine in Microsoft Edge allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-7200, CVE-2016-7201, CVE-2016-7202, CVE-2016-7203, CVE-2016-7240, CVE-2016-7242, and CVE-2016-7243.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Microsoft.ChakraCore"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-7208"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-28T20:20:13Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2016-11-10T06:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Chakra JavaScript scripting engine in Microsoft Edge allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka \"Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability,\" a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-7200, CVE-2016-7201, CVE-2016-7202, CVE-2016-7203, CVE-2016-7240, CVE-2016-7242, and CVE-2016-7243.",
"id": "GHSA-vx5c-598g-qpg6",
"modified": "2023-11-01T18:09:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:22:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-7208"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/chakra-core/ChakraCore/pull/1982"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/chakra-core/ChakraCore/commit/c2787ef8fdb7401922e9ec6540e4e5895d11c631"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2016/ms16-129"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/chakra-core/ChakraCore"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210123185150/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211126224744/http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037245"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "ChakraCore RCE Vulnerability"
}
GHSA-VX6C-J786-5WRQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:33 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:33A remote code execution vulnerability in Microsoft Edge exists in the way that the Scripting Engine renders when handling objects in memory in Microsoft browsers. The vulnerability could corrupt memory in such a way that an attacker could execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user, aka "Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability." This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2017-0201.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-0093"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-12T14:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A remote code execution vulnerability in Microsoft Edge exists in the way that the Scripting Engine renders when handling objects in memory in Microsoft browsers. The vulnerability could corrupt memory in such a way that an attacker could execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user, aka \"Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability.\" This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2017-0201.",
"id": "GHSA-vx6c-j786-5wrq",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:33:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:33:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-0093"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-0093"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97419"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038234"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VX6P-MWPM-F3VG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:58 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:58In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, sSL handshake failure with ClientHello rejection results in memory leak.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-10343"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-08-18T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, sSL handshake failure with ClientHello rejection results in memory leak.",
"id": "GHSA-vx6p-mwpm-f3vg",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:58:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:58:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10343"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2017-07-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99467"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VX7P-GJ48-62CQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 00:59 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:59In BlueZ 5.42, a buffer over-read was observed in "l2cap_dump" function in "tools/parser/l2cap.c" source file. This issue can be triggered by processing a corrupted dump file and will result in hcidump crash.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-9797"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-12-03T06:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In BlueZ 5.42, a buffer over-read was observed in \"l2cap_dump\" function in \"tools/parser/l2cap.c\" source file. This issue can be triggered by processing a corrupted dump file and will result in hcidump crash.",
"id": "GHSA-vx7p-gj48-62cq",
"modified": "2022-05-14T00:59:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T00:59:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-9797"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-bluetooth/msg68892.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-05/msg00069.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94652"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VX8R-2H9J-5R4F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:15 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:15The VMX process in VMware ESXi 4.1 and ESX 4.1 does not properly handle RPC commands, which allows guest OS users to cause a denial of service (memory overwrite and process crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code on the host OS via vectors involving function pointers.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-1517"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-05-04T16:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The VMX process in VMware ESXi 4.1 and ESX 4.1 does not properly handle RPC commands, which allows guest OS users to cause a denial of service (memory overwrite and process crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code on the host OS via vectors involving function pointers.",
"id": "GHSA-vx8r-2h9j-5r4f",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:15:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:15:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-1517"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/75374"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A17231"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/81692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/53369"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1027018"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2012-0009.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-123: Buffer Manipulation
An adversary manipulates an application's interaction with a buffer in an attempt to read or modify data they shouldn't have access to. Buffer attacks are distinguished in that it is the buffer space itself that is the target of the attack rather than any code responsible for interpreting the content of the buffer. In virtually all buffer attacks the content that is placed in the buffer is immaterial. Instead, most buffer attacks involve retrieving or providing more input than can be stored in the allocated buffer, resulting in the reading or overwriting of other unintended program memory.
CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.
CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion
An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags
This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.
CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call
This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.
CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities
This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.