Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1191
AllowedOn-Chip Debug and Test Interface With Improper Access Control
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The chip does not implement or does not correctly perform access control to check whether users are authorized to access internal registers and test modes through the physical debug/test interface.
35 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-52533 (GCVE-0-2025-52533)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-12 17:11 – Updated: 2026-02-26 14:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Improper Access Control in an on-chip debug interface could allow a privileged attacker to enable a debug interface and potentially compromise data confidentiality or integrity.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1191 - On-Chip Debug and Test Interface With Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
Impacted products
39 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMD | AMD EPYC™ 7003 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
MilanPI 1.0.0.G
|
|
| AMD | AMD EPYC™ 7002 Series Processors |
Affected:
No Fix Planned
|
|
| AMD | AMD EPYC™ 7001 Series Processors |
Affected:
No Fix Planned
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Threadripper™ PRO 3000 WX-Series Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Threadripper™ PRO 5000 WX-Series Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 5000 Series Mobile Processors with Radeon™ Graphics |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Threadripper™ 7000 Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Threadripper™ PRO 7000 WX-Series Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 3000 Series Mobile Processors with Radeon™ Graphics |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ AI Max 300 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Athlon™ 3000 Series Mobile Processors with Radeon™ Graphics |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 2000 Mobile Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 3000 Series Desktop Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 5000 Series Desktop Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 7040 Series Mobile Processors with Radeon™ Graphics |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Z2 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Z2 Series Processors Go |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 7035 Series Processors with Radeon™ Graphics |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 4000 Series Mobile Processors with Radeon™ Graphics |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 6000 Series Processors with Radeon™ Graphics |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ AI 300 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 7020 Series Processors with Radeon™ Graphics |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 7045 Series Mobile Processors with Radeon™ Graphics |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 5000 Series Desktop Processors with Radeon™ Graphics |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 4000 Series Desktop Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Z1 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 7000 Series Desktop Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ 8000 Series Desktop Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD EPYC™ Embedded 3000 Series Processors |
Affected:
No fix planned
|
|
| AMD | AMD EPYC™ Embedded 7002 Series Processors |
Affected:
No fix planned
|
|
| AMD | AMD EPYC™ Embedded 7003 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
EmbMilanPI-SP3 v9 1.0.0.C
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Embedded 8000 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Embedded R1000 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Embedded R2000 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Embedded 7000 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Embedded 5000 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Embedded V1000 Series Processors (formerly codenamed "Picasso") |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Embedded V2000 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
|
| AMD | AMD Ryzen™ Embedded V3000 Series Processors |
Unaffected:
Update to Key Distribution Server (KDS)
|
Date Public
2026-02-12 17:25
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CVE-2025-47822 (GCVE-0-2025-47822)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-27 00:00 – Updated: 2025-09-02 16:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Flock Safety LPR (License Plate Reader) devices with firmware through 2.2 have an on-chip debug interface with improper access control.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1191 - On-Chip Debug and Test Interface With Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flock Safety | License Plate Reader |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.2
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-47819 (GCVE-0-2025-47819)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-27 00:00 – Updated: 2025-09-02 16:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Flock Safety Gunshot Detection devices before 1.3 have an on-chip debug interface with improper access control.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1191 - On-Chip Debug and Test Interface With Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flock Safety | Gunshot Detection devices |
Affected:
0 , < 1.3
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-36755 (GCVE-0-2025-36755)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-12 14:58 – Updated: 2025-12-13 08:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CleverDisplay BlueOne unauthorized BIOS access through physical USB keyboard
Summary
The CleverDisplay BlueOne hardware player is designed with its USB interfaces physically enclosed and inaccessible under normal operating conditions. Researchers demonstrated that, after cicumventing the device’s protective enclosure, it was possible to connect a USB keyboard and press ESC during boot to access the BIOS setup interface. BIOS settings could be viewed but not modified. This behavior slightly increases the attack surface by exposing internal system information (CWE-1244) once the enclosure is removed, but does not allow integrity or availability compromise under standard or tested configurations.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://csirt.divd.nl/CVE-2025-5743/ | third-party-advisory |
| https://csirt.divd.nl/DIVD-2025-00043 | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CleverDisplay B.V. | BlueOne (CleverDisplay Hardware Player) |
Affected:
12.11.1
(semver)
Unaffected: 12.12.1 , ≤ * (semver) |
Date Public
2025-08-09 16:00
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CVE-2025-26409 (GCVE-0-2025-26409)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-11 09:15 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Access to Bootloader and Shell Over Serial Interface
Summary
A serial interface can be accessed with physical access to the PCB of Wattsense Bridge devices. After connecting to the interface, access to the bootloader is possible, as well as a Linux login prompt. The bootloader access can be used to gain a root shell on the device. This issue is fixed in recent firmware versions BSP >= 6.4.1.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://r.sec-consult.com/wattsense | third-party-advisory |
| https://support.wattsense.com/hc/en-150/articles/… | release-notes |
| http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Feb/9 |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wattsense | Wattsense Bridge |
Affected:
0 , < 6.4.1
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-26408 (GCVE-0-2025-26408)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-11 09:14 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unprotected JTAG Interface
Summary
The JTAG interface of Wattsense Bridge devices can be accessed with physical access to the PCB. After connecting to the interface, full access to the device is possible. This enables an attacker to extract information, modify and debug the device's firmware. All known versions are affected.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1191 - On-Chip Debug and Test Interface With Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://r.sec-consult.com/wattsense | third-party-advisory |
| https://support.wattsense.com/hc/en-150/articles/… | release-notes |
| http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Feb/9 |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wattsense | Wattsense Bridge |
Affected:
*
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-15083 (GCVE-0-2025-15083)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-25 17:32 – Updated: 2025-12-30 21:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
TOZED ZLT M30s UART on-chip debug and test interface with improper access control
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in TOZED ZLT M30s up to 1.47. The affected element is an unknown function of the component UART Interface. Executing manipulation can lead to on-chip debug and test interface with improper access control. The physical device can be targeted for the attack. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1191 - On-Chip Debug and Test Interface With Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.338411 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.338411 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.707974 | third-party-advisory |
| https://hacklab.eu.org/blogs/zlt_m30s_debug_interface | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| TOZED | ZLT M30s |
Affected:
1.0
Affected: 1.1 Affected: 1.2 Affected: 1.3 Affected: 1.4 Affected: 1.5 Affected: 1.6 Affected: 1.7 Affected: 1.8 Affected: 1.9 Affected: 1.10 Affected: 1.11 Affected: 1.12 Affected: 1.13 Affected: 1.14 Affected: 1.15 Affected: 1.16 Affected: 1.17 Affected: 1.18 Affected: 1.19 Affected: 1.20 Affected: 1.21 Affected: 1.22 Affected: 1.23 Affected: 1.24 Affected: 1.25 Affected: 1.26 Affected: 1.27 Affected: 1.28 Affected: 1.29 Affected: 1.30 Affected: 1.31 Affected: 1.32 Affected: 1.33 Affected: 1.34 Affected: 1.35 Affected: 1.36 Affected: 1.37 Affected: 1.38 Affected: 1.39 Affected: 1.40 Affected: 1.41 Affected: 1.42 Affected: 1.43 Affected: 1.44 Affected: 1.45 Affected: 1.46 Affected: 1.47 |
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CVE-2025-12114 (GCVE-0-2025-12114)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-23 15:29 – Updated: 2025-10-23 15:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Serial Console Enabled
Summary
Enabled serial console could potentially leak information that might help attacker to find vulnerabilities.This issue affects BLU-IC2: through 1.19.5; BLU-IC4: through 1.19.5.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1191 - On-Chip Debug and Test Interface With Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Azure Access Technology | BLU-IC2 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.19.5
(semver)
|
|
| Azure Access Technology | BLU-IC4 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.19.5
(semver)
|
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CVE-2025-9709 (GCVE-0-2025-9709)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-05 17:16 – Updated: 2025-09-05 18:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NRF52810 Runtime EM Fault Injection APPROTECT Bypass
Summary
On-Chip Debug and Test Interface With Improper Access Control and Improper Protection against Electromagnetic Fault Injection (EM-FI) in Nordic Semiconductor nRF52810 allow attacker to perform EM Fault Injection and bypass APPROTECT at runtime, requiring the least amount of modification to the hardware system possible.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nordic Semiconductor | nRF52810 |
Affected:
0
|
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CVE-2025-7213 (GCVE-0-2025-7213)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-09 03:02 – Updated: 2025-07-09 17:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FNKvision FNK-GU2 UART Interface on-chip debug and test interface with improper access control
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in FNKvision FNK-GU2 up to 40.1.7. Affected is an unknown function of the component UART Interface. The manipulation leads to on-chip debug and test interface with improper access control. It is possible to launch the attack on the physical device. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1191 - On-Chip Debug and Test Interface With Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.315162 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.315162 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.608025 | third-party-advisory |
| https://medium.com/@pundhapat/sqli-in-the-cloud-r… | exploit |
Impacted products
Credits
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
If feasible, the manufacturer should disable the JTAG interface or implement authentication and authorization for the JTAG interface. If authentication logic is added, it should be resistant to timing attacks. Security-sensitive data stored in registers, such as keys, etc. should be cleared when entering debug mode.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels
An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.