CVE-2026-92489 (GCVE-0-2026-92489)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 16:10 – Updated: 2026-10-19 09:03
VLAI
Title
xfrm: Fix skb double-free in xfrm_dev_direct_output()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: Fix skb double-free in xfrm_dev_direct_output() A return value other than 1 from local_out() means that the skb has been consumed or its ownership was transferred. xfrm_dev_direct_output() nevertheless frees the skb on this path, causing a double-free when netfilter drops the packet and invalidating any other owner. Return the local_out() result directly, matching the ownership handling in xfrm_output_resume().
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6649 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: bfb9b9404a53a72524ce695551755117e9d3deb0 , < 621871b696b108026bf4b44ed4085ffa2102f417 (git)
Affected: a0395e96831adee8ffa016bf958e4dce9ece656e , < bc9297796bfdcc8d9609236e54519a4f38737aac (git)
Affected: 5eddd76ec2fd1988f0a3450fde9730b10dd22992 , < 02deb637e965950148752a304dd1471212dd6470 (git)
Affected: 5eddd76ec2fd1988f0a3450fde9730b10dd22992 , < 56a347950e661c1a7f8f31c43a2ea53c2323b6f4 (git)
Affected: 5eddd76ec2fd1988f0a3450fde9730b10dd22992 , < 2aed51fc58d9ce450e2c116efb956160fd06fa02 (git)
Affected: d1d673a5bede3767252cff19c0ab1e5387c6f43f (git)
Affected: 6.6.85 , < 6.6.157 (semver)
Affected: 6.12.21 , < 6.12.110 (semver)
Affected: 6.13.9 , < 6.14 (semver)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 6.14
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.14 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.157 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.110 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.52 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2.6 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.3 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/xfrm/xfrm_output.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "621871b696b108026bf4b44ed4085ffa2102f417",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "bfb9b9404a53a72524ce695551755117e9d3deb0",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "bc9297796bfdcc8d9609236e54519a4f38737aac",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a0395e96831adee8ffa016bf958e4dce9ece656e",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "02deb637e965950148752a304dd1471212dd6470",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5eddd76ec2fd1988f0a3450fde9730b10dd22992",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "56a347950e661c1a7f8f31c43a2ea53c2323b6f4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5eddd76ec2fd1988f0a3450fde9730b10dd22992",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2aed51fc58d9ce450e2c116efb956160fd06fa02",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5eddd76ec2fd1988f0a3450fde9730b10dd22992",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d1d673a5bede3767252cff19c0ab1e5387c6f43f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.6.157",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.6.85",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.12.110",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.12.21",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.14",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.13.9",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/xfrm/xfrm_output.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.14"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.14",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.157",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.110",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.52",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2.6",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.3",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.157",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.6.85",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.110",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.12.21",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.52",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.14",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2.6",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.14",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.3",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.14",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.13.9",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: Fix skb double-free in xfrm_dev_direct_output()\n\nA return value other than 1 from local_out() means that the skb has been\nconsumed or its ownership was transferred. xfrm_dev_direct_output()\nnevertheless frees the skb on this path, causing a double-free when\nnetfilter drops the packet and invalidating any other owner.\n\nReturn the local_out() result directly, matching the ownership handling\nin xfrm_output_resume()."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - A received IPv4/IPv6 packet that ip_forward()/ip6_forward() passes through xfrm4_route_forward()/xfrm6_route_forward() reaches xfrm4_output()/xfrm6_output() then xfrm_output(); for an XFRM_DEV_OFFLOAD_PACKET tunnel SA with skb-\u003esk NULL, that forwarded inner IP packet is what xfrm_dev_direct_output() processes.\nAC:L - xfrm_dev_direct_output() calls nf_reset_ct() then dst-\u003eops-\u003elocal_out (__ip_local_out/__ip6_local_out), so NF_INET_LOCAL_OUT consumes the skb on DROP/QUEUE/STOLEN. The attacker owns the forwarded packet and can force that verdict (iptables/nft DROP, or nf_conntrack_in() NF_DROP when resolve_normal_ct() fails after flooding new 5-tuples); no race is required.\nPR:N - ip_forward() and ip6_forward() take the skb with no socket or credentials; XFRM matching is only the received packet\u0027s IP selectors, not an authenticated session. CAP_NET_ADMIN is needed on the victim to install the packet-offload SA, not for the attacker who sends the inner packet.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers the bug only by sending IP packets that an already-configured packet-offload tunnel gateway forwards into xfrm_dev_direct_output(); no victim mount, open, or confirmation is required at exploit time.\nS:U - The sk_buff double-free in xfrm_dev_direct_output() corrupts kernel heap in the same kernel that performs IPsec output and is not a KVM/Xen guest-to-host escape or an IOMMU/DMA boundary bypass.\nC:H - When local_out() returns != 1, nf_hook_slow() has already kfree_skb_reason()\u0027d the skb on NF_DROP (or another owner holds it); the extra kfree_skb() in xfrm_dev_direct_output() is a sk_buff slab double-free that can be reclaimed with crafted packets to read kernel memory.\nI:H - The same sk_buff double-free after __ip_local_out()/__ip6_local_out() transfers ownership lets the attacker reallocate the freed object and obtain a kernel write and control-flow hijack primitive, not a crash-only integrity effect.\nA:H - The extra kfree_skb() in xfrm_dev_direct_output() when local_out() has already consumed the skb corrupts the sk_buff cache and causes a kernel oops or panic."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T09:03:55.784Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/621871b696b108026bf4b44ed4085ffa2102f417"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc9297796bfdcc8d9609236e54519a4f38737aac"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/02deb637e965950148752a304dd1471212dd6470"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56a347950e661c1a7f8f31c43a2ea53c2323b6f4"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2aed51fc58d9ce450e2c116efb956160fd06fa02"
        }
      ],
      "title": "xfrm: Fix skb double-free in xfrm_dev_direct_output()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-92489",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-17T16:10:04.126Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-16T12:21:13.871Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T09:03:55.784Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-92489",
      "date": "2026-11-04",
      "epss": "0.00457",
      "percentile": "0.39774"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-23T02:44:21.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-92489",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2026-92489",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-19T01:01:44.000Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "2",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "xfrm: Fix skb double-free in xfrm_dev_direct_output()",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2026/msrc_cve-2026-92489.json",
      "version": "2"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "net/xfrm/xfrm_output.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "621871b696b108026bf4b44ed4085ffa2102f417",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "bfb9b9404a53a72524ce695551755117e9d3deb0",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "bc9297796bfdcc8d9609236e54519a4f38737aac",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "a0395e96831adee8ffa016bf958e4dce9ece656e",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "02deb637e965950148752a304dd1471212dd6470",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "5eddd76ec2fd1988f0a3450fde9730b10dd22992",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "56a347950e661c1a7f8f31c43a2ea53c2323b6f4",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "5eddd76ec2fd1988f0a3450fde9730b10dd22992",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "2aed51fc58d9ce450e2c116efb956160fd06fa02",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "5eddd76ec2fd1988f0a3450fde9730b10dd22992",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "d1d673a5bede3767252cff19c0ab1e5387c6f43f",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "6.6.157",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "6.6.85",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "6.12.110",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "6.12.21",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "6.14",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "6.13.9",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "affected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "net/xfrm/xfrm_output.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "6.14"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "6.14",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.6.157",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.12.110",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.18.52",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "7.2.6",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "7.3",
                    "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: Fix skb double-free in xfrm_dev_direct_output()\n\nA return value other than 1 from local_out() means that the skb has been\nconsumed or its ownership was transferred. xfrm_dev_direct_output()\nnevertheless frees the skb on this path, causing a double-free when\nnetfilter drops the packet and invalidating any other owner.\n\nReturn the local_out() result directly, matching the ownership handling\nin xfrm_output_resume()."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-92489",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-19T09:19:39.187",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 9.8,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-09-17T17:17:51.007",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/02deb637e965950148752a304dd1471212dd6470"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2aed51fc58d9ce450e2c116efb956160fd06fa02"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56a347950e661c1a7f8f31c43a2ea53c2323b6f4"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/621871b696b108026bf4b44ed4085ffa2102f417"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc9297796bfdcc8d9609236e54519a4f38737aac"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Received"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-11-03T19:15:16+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-92489",
      "id": "CVE-2026-92489",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-17T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "91",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "188",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: xfrm: Fix skb double-free in xfrm_dev_direct_output()",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-92489.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-20T00:32:17Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-92489",
      "id": "CVE-2026-92489",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-18T00:13:48Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "0",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "348",
      "product_status:recommended": "4",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-92489",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/2026/cve-2026-92489.json",
      "version": "5"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Loading timeline…




    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.