Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-44373 (GCVE-0-2026-44373)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 20:26 – Updated: 2026-05-14 13:16

Title

Nitro: Proxy scope bypass via percent-encoded path traversal in `routeRules`

Summary

Nitro is a next generation server toolkit. Prior to 3.0.260429-beta, an attacker could bypass a proxy route rule by sending percent-encoded path traversal (..%2f) in the URL, causing Nitro to forward a request that the upstream resolved outside the configured scope. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.0.260429-beta.

Severity ?

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/security/advisor…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/pull/4222	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/pull/4223	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/releases/tag/v2.13.4	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/releases/tag/v3.…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
nitrojs	nitro	Affected: < 3.0.260429-beta
nitrojs	nitropack	Affected: < 2.13.4

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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FKIE_CVE-2026-44373

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-05-13 21:16 - Updated: 2026-05-14 16:57

Severity ?

5.3 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/pull/4222
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/pull/4223
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/releases/tag/v2.13.4
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/releases/tag/v3.0.260429-beta
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/security/advisories/GHSA-5w89-w975-hf9q

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Nitro is a next generation server toolkit. Prior to 3.0.260429-beta, an attacker could bypass a proxy route rule by sending percent-encoded path traversal (..%2f) in the URL, causing Nitro to forward a request that the upstream resolved outside the configured scope. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.0.260429-beta."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-44373",
  "lastModified": "2026-05-14T16:57:26.740",
  "metrics": {
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          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
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          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
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          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
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}

GHSA-5W89-W975-HF9Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-06 23:01 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:42

Summary

Nitro has a proxy scope bypass via percent-encoded path traversal in `routeRules`

Details

A proxy route rule like:

routeRules: {
  "/api/orders/**": { proxy: { to: "http://upstream/orders/**" } }
}

is intended to limit the proxy to URLs under /api/orders/. Before the patch, an attacker could bypass that scope by sending percent-encoded path traversal (..%2f) in the URL, causing Nitro to forward a request that the upstream resolved outside the configured scope. Example exploit:

GET /api/orders/..%2fadmin%2fconfig.json

Nitro sees ..%2f as opaque characters at match time, the /api/orders/** rule matched, and the raw path was forwarded to the upstream as /orders/..%2fadmin/config.json. An upstream that decodes %2F to / then resolved .. and can serve /admin/config.json outside the intended scope.

Are you affected?

Users may be affected if ALL of the following are true:

Their project uses Nitro's routeRules with a proxy entry ({ proxy: { to: "..." } }).
The proxy to value uses a /** wildcard suffix to forward sub-paths.
The upstream behind the proxy decodes %2F as / before routing or filesystem lookup.
Proxy route rules are not handled natively at CDN (nitro v3 and vercel)

Whether the bypass actually leaks data depends on the upstream. Modern JS frameworks keep %2F opaque per RFC 3986 and are safe by construction.

Safe examples: H3 v2, Express v5, Hono v4 — modern JS frameworks keep %2F opaque per RFC 3986.
Vulnerable examples: naive imlementations that decodes the URL, static file servers, CGI dispatchers, Python os.path-based routing, anything sitting behind another layer that decodes %2F (common in microservice meshes).

Impact

Any HTTP path reachable from the Nitro server to the upstream could be requested, regardless of the configured /** scope. In typical deployments (API gateway, BFF, microservice proxy) this could expose internal admin endpoints, secrets endpoints, or other services the developer believed the scope rule fenced off.

Patched versions

Upgrade to one of:

2.13.4 or later (https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/pull/4223)
3.0.260429-beta or later (https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/pull/4222)

The fix canonicalizes the incoming pathname before building the upstream URL and rejects requests with 400 Bad Request if the resolved path would escape the rule's base. The bytes forwarded upstream are unchanged when the request is allowed.

Note: the fix assumes the upstream does not double-decode percent-encoding. If your upstream decodes twice (%252F → %2F → /), it remains your responsibility to harden it. Single-decode is standard.

Credits

Reported by @mHe4am (@he4am on HackerOne) via the Vercel Open Source program.

Severity ?

5.3 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "nitro"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.260429-beta"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "nitropack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.13.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44373"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-22"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-06T23:01:27Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T21:16:48Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A proxy route rule like:\n\n```ts\nrouteRules: {\n  \"/api/orders/**\": { proxy: { to: \"http://upstream/orders/**\" } }\n}\n```\n\nis intended to limit the proxy to URLs under `/api/orders/`. Before the patch, an attacker could bypass that scope by sending percent-encoded path traversal (`..%2f`) in the URL, causing Nitro to forward a request that the upstream resolved outside the configured scope. Example exploit:\n\n```\nGET /api/orders/..%2fadmin%2fconfig.json\n```\n\nNitro sees `..%2f` as opaque characters at match time, the `/api/orders/**` rule matched, and the raw path was forwarded to the upstream as `/orders/..%2fadmin/config.json`. An upstream that decodes `%2F` to  `/` then resolved `..` and can serve `/admin/config.json` outside the intended scope.\n\n### Are you affected?\n\nUsers may be affected if **ALL** of the following are true:\n\n1. Their project uses Nitro\u0027s `routeRules` with a `proxy` entry (`{ proxy: { to: \"...\" } }`).\n2. The proxy `to` value uses a `/**` wildcard suffix to forward sub-paths.\n3. The **upstream** behind the proxy decodes `%2F` as `/` before routing or filesystem lookup.\n4. Proxy route rules are _not_ handled natively at CDN (nitro v3 and vercel)\n\nWhether the bypass actually leaks data depends on the upstream. Modern JS frameworks keep `%2F` opaque per RFC 3986 and are safe by construction. \n\n- **Safe examples:** H3 v2, Express v5, Hono v4 \u2014 modern JS frameworks keep `%2F` opaque per RFC 3986.\n- **Vulnerable examples:** naive imlementations that decodes the URL, static file servers, CGI dispatchers, Python `os.path`-based routing, anything sitting behind another layer that decodes `%2F` (common in microservice meshes).\n\n## Impact\n\nAny HTTP path reachable from the Nitro server to the upstream could be requested, regardless of the configured `/**` scope. In typical deployments (API gateway, BFF, microservice proxy) this could expose internal admin endpoints, secrets endpoints, or other services the developer believed the scope rule fenced off.\n\n## Patched versions\n\nUpgrade to one of:\n\n- [2.13.4](https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/releases/tag/v2.13.4) or later (https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/pull/4223) \n- [3.0.260429-beta](https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/releases/tag/v3.0.260429-beta) or later (https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/pull/4222)\n\nThe fix canonicalizes the incoming pathname before building the upstream URL and rejects requests with `400 Bad Request` if the resolved path would escape the rule\u0027s base. The bytes forwarded upstream are unchanged when the request is allowed.\n\n\u003e Note: the fix assumes the upstream does not double-decode percent-encoding. If your upstream decodes twice (`%252F \u2192 %2F \u2192 /`), it remains your responsibility to harden it. **Single-decode is standard**.\n\n## Credits\n\nReported by [@mHe4am](https://github.com/mHe4am) ([@he4am on HackerOne](https://hackerone.com/he4am)) via the [Vercel Open Source](https://hackerone.com/vercel-open-source?type=team) program.",
  "id": "GHSA-5w89-w975-hf9q",
  "modified": "2026-05-14T20:42:49Z",
  "published": "2026-05-06T23:01:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/security/advisories/GHSA-5w89-w975-hf9q"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44373"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/pull/4222"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/pull/4223"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/releases/tag/v2.13.4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nitrojs/nitro/releases/tag/v3.0.260429-beta"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Nitro has a proxy scope bypass via percent-encoded path traversal in `routeRules`"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-44373 (GCVE-0-2026-44373)

FKIE_CVE-2026-44373

GHSA-5W89-W975-HF9Q

Are you affected?

Impact

Patched versions

Credits

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature