CVE-2026-33940 (GCVE-0-2026-33940)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-27 21:11 – Updated: 2026-09-04 12:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Handlebars.js has JavaScript Injection via AST Type Confusion when passing an object as dynamic partial
Summary
Handlebars provides the power necessary to let users build semantic templates. In versions 4.0.0 through 4.7.8, a crafted object placed in the template context can bypass all conditional guards in `resolvePartial()` and cause `invokePartial()` to return `undefined`. The Handlebars runtime then treats the unresolved partial as a source that needs to be compiled, passing the crafted object to `env.compile()`. Because the object is a valid Handlebars AST containing injected code, the generated JavaScript executes arbitrary commands on the server. The attack requires the adversary to control a value that can be returned by a dynamic partial lookup. Version 4.7.9 fixes the issue. Some workarounds are available. First, use the runtime-only build (`require('handlebars/runtime')`). Without `compile()`, the fallback compilation path in `invokePartial` is unreachable. Second, sanitize context data before rendering: Ensure no value in the context is a non-primitive object that could be passed to a dynamic partial. Third, avoid dynamic partial lookups (`{{> (lookup ...)}}`) when context data is user-controlled.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-31 00:00 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-33940 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2452521 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34342 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10175 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
14 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| handlebars-lang | handlebars.js |
Affected:
>= 4.0.0, < 4.7.9
|
guessed | |
| Red Hat | Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0 |
Unaffected:
1782839279 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9 |
||
| Red Hat | Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0 |
Unaffected:
1782840539 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9 |
||
| Red Hat | Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0 |
Unaffected:
1782839996 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.27 |
Unaffected:
1776744110 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3.27::el9 |
||
| Red Hat | Cryostat 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:cryostat:4
|
||
| Red Hat | Logging Subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift |
cpe:/a:redhat:logging:5
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Data Grid 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:8
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Process Automation 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_bpms_platform:7
|
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"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-33940.json"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34342"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10175"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2026:34342: Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2026:10175: Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.27"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-03-27T22:02:42.813Z",
"value": "Reported to Red Hat."
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-03-27T21:11:10.719Z",
"value": "Made public."
}
],
"title": "handlebars.js: Handlebars.js: Arbitrary code execution via crafted template context",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "To mitigate this issue, use the runtime-only build of Handlebars.js, which prevents the fallback compilation path from being reached. Alternatively, sanitize all context data before rendering to ensure no non-primitive objects are passed to dynamic partials. Avoid dynamic partial lookups (`{{\u003e (lookup ...)}}`) when context data is user-controlled. Implementing these mitigations may require application-level changes."
}
],
"x_adpType": "supplier",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "sadp-cli 1.0.0"
}
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-33940",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-03-30T15:40:28.154072Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-03-30T15:40:34.677Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "handlebars.js",
"vendor": "handlebars-lang",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 4.0.0, \u003c 4.7.9"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Handlebars provides the power necessary to let users build semantic templates. In versions 4.0.0 through 4.7.8, a crafted object placed in the template context can bypass all conditional guards in `resolvePartial()` and cause `invokePartial()` to return `undefined`. The Handlebars runtime then treats the unresolved partial as a source that needs to be compiled, passing the crafted object to `env.compile()`. Because the object is a valid Handlebars AST containing injected code, the generated JavaScript executes arbitrary commands on the server. The attack requires the adversary to control a value that can be returned by a dynamic partial lookup. Version 4.7.9 fixes the issue. Some workarounds are available. First, use the runtime-only build (`require(\u0027handlebars/runtime\u0027)`). Without `compile()`, the fallback compilation path in `invokePartial` is unreachable. Second, sanitize context data before rendering: Ensure no value in the context is a non-primitive object that could be passed to a dynamic partial. Third, avoid dynamic partial lookups (`{{\u003e (lookup ...)}}`) when context data is user-controlled."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-843",
"description": "CWE-843: Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type (\u0027Type Confusion\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-03-27T21:11:10.719Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/security/advisories/GHSA-xhpv-hc6g-r9c6",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/security/advisories/GHSA-xhpv-hc6g-r9c6"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/commit/68d8df5a88e0a26fe9e6084c5c6aaebe67b07da2",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/commit/68d8df5a88e0a26fe9e6084c5c6aaebe67b07da2"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/releases/tag/v4.7.9",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/releases/tag/v4.7.9"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-xhpv-hc6g-r9c6",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Handlebars.js has JavaScript Injection via AST Type Confusion when passing an object as dynamic partial"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-33940",
"datePublished": "2026-03-27T21:11:10.719Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-03-24T19:50:52.103Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-04T12:04:53.335Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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