CWE-95
Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. "eval").
CVE-2013-10051 (GCVE-0-2013-10051)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-08-01 20:41
Modified
2025-08-05 14:46
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Summary
A remote PHP code execution vulnerability exists in InstantCMS version 1.6 and earlier due to unsafe use of eval() within the search view handler. Specifically, user-supplied input passed via the look parameter is concatenated into a PHP expression and executed without proper sanitation. A remote attacker can exploit this flaw by sending a crafted HTTP GET request with a base64-encoded payload in the Cmd header, resulting in arbitrary PHP code execution within the context of the web server.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| InstantCMS | InstantCMS |
Version: * ≤ 1.6 |
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CVE-2013-10070 (GCVE-0-2013-10070)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-08-05 20:04
Modified
2025-08-07 15:16
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Summary
PHP-Charts v1.0 contains a PHP code execution vulnerability in wizard/url.php, where user-supplied GET parameter names are passed directly to eval() without sanitization. A remote attacker can exploit this flaw by crafting a request that injects arbitrary PHP code, resulting in command execution under the web server's context. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to execute system-level commands via base64-encoded payloads embedded in parameter names, leading to full compromise of the host system.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHP-Charts | PHP-Charts |
Version: 1.0 |
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CVE-2023-7101 (GCVE-0-2023-7101)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2023-12-24 21:34
Modified
2025-08-20 03:56
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Summary
Spreadsheet::ParseExcel version 0.65 is a Perl module used for parsing Excel files. Spreadsheet::ParseExcel is vulnerable to an arbitrary code execution (ACE) vulnerability due to passing unvalidated input from a file into a string-type “eval”. Specifically, the issue stems from the evaluation of Number format strings (not to be confused with printf-style format strings) within the Excel parsing logic.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Douglas Wilson | Spreadsheet::ParseExcel |
Version: 0.65 |
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CVE-2024-36401 (GCVE-0-2024-36401)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-07-01 15:25
Modified
2025-07-30 01:37
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Summary
GeoServer is an open source server that allows users to share and edit geospatial data. Prior to versions 2.22.6, 2.23.6, 2.24.4, and 2.25.2, multiple OGC request parameters allow Remote Code Execution (RCE) by unauthenticated users through specially crafted input against a default GeoServer installation due to unsafely evaluating property names as XPath expressions.
The GeoTools library API that GeoServer calls evaluates property/attribute names for feature types in a way that unsafely passes them to the commons-jxpath library which can execute arbitrary code when evaluating XPath expressions. This XPath evaluation is intended to be used only by complex feature types (i.e., Application Schema data stores) but is incorrectly being applied to simple feature types as well which makes this vulnerability apply to **ALL** GeoServer instances. No public PoC is provided but this vulnerability has been confirmed to be exploitable through WFS GetFeature, WFS GetPropertyValue, WMS GetMap, WMS GetFeatureInfo, WMS GetLegendGraphic and WPS Execute requests. This vulnerability can lead to executing arbitrary code.
Versions 2.22.6, 2.23.6, 2.24.4, and 2.25.2 contain a patch for the issue. A workaround exists by removing the `gt-complex-x.y.jar` file from the GeoServer where `x.y` is the GeoTools version (e.g., `gt-complex-31.1.jar` if running GeoServer 2.25.1). This will remove the vulnerable code from GeoServer but may break some GeoServer functionality or prevent GeoServer from deploying if the gt-complex module is needed.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv | x_refsource_CONFIRM | |
| https://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-w3pj-wh35-fq8w | x_refsource_MISC | |
| https://github.com/geotools/geotools/pull/4797 | x_refsource_MISC | |
| https://github.com/Warxim/CVE-2022-41852?tab=readme-ov-file#workaround-for-cve-2022-41852 | x_refsource_MISC | |
| https://osgeo-org.atlassian.net/browse/GEOT-7587 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-39289 (GCVE-0-2024-39289)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-17 19:11
Modified
2025-07-18 08:04
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
Summary
A code execution vulnerability has been discovered in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'rosparam' tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability stems from the use of the eval() function to process unsanitized, user-supplied parameter values via special converters for angle representations in radians. This flaw allowed attackers to craft and execute arbitrary Python code.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://www.ros.org/blog/noetic-eol/ | product |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open Source Robotics Foundation | Robot Operating System (ROS) |
Version: Noetic Ninjemys Version: Melodic Morenia Version: Kinetic Kame Version: Indigo Igloo |
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CVE-2024-39835 (GCVE-0-2024-39835)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-17 19:12
Modified
2025-07-18 08:04
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
Summary
A code injection vulnerability has been identified in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'roslaunch' command-line tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability arises from the use of the eval() method to process user-supplied, unsanitized parameter values within the substitution args mechanism, which roslaunch evaluates before launching a node. This flaw allows attackers to craft and execute arbitrary Python code.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://www.ros.org/blog/noetic-eol/ | product |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open Source Robotics Foundation | Robot Operating System (ROS) |
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CVE-2024-41148 (GCVE-0-2024-41148)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-17 19:12
Modified
2025-07-18 08:04
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
Summary
A code injection vulnerability has been discovered in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'rostopic' command-line tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability lies in the 'hz' verb, which reports the publishing rate of a topic and accepts a user-provided Python expression via the --filter option. This input is passed directly to the eval() function without sanitization, allowing a local user to craft and execute arbitrary code.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://www.ros.org/blog/noetic-eol/ | product |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open Source Robotics Foundation | Robot Operating System (ROS) |
Version: Noetic Ninjemys Version: Melodic Morenia Version: Kinetic Kame Version: Indigo Igloo |
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CVE-2024-41921 (GCVE-0-2024-41921)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-17 19:13
Modified
2025-07-18 08:05
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
Summary
A code injection vulnerability has been discovered in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'rostopic' command-line tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability lies in the 'echo' verb, which allows a user to introspect a ROS topic and accepts a user-provided Python expression via the --filter option. This input is passed directly to the eval() function without sanitization, allowing a local user to craft and execute arbitrary code.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://www.ros.org/blog/noetic-eol/ | product |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open Source Robotics Foundation | Robot Operating System (ROS) |
Version: Noetic Ninjemys Version: Melodic Morenia Version: Kinetic Kame Version: Indigo Igloo |
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CVE-2025-3753 (GCVE-0-2025-3753)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-17 19:14
Modified
2025-07-18 08:05
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
Summary
A code execution vulnerability has been identified in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'rosbag' tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability arises from the use of the eval() function to process unsanitized, user-supplied input in the 'rosbag filter' command. This flaw enables attackers to craft and execute arbitrary Python code.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://www.ros.org/blog/noetic-eol/ | product |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open Source Robotics Foundation | Robot Operating System (ROS) |
Version: Noetic Ninjemys Version: Melodic Morenia Version: Kinetic Kame Version: Indigo Igloo |
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CVE-2025-4318 (GCVE-0-2025-4318)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-05-05 18:16
Modified
2025-07-18 16:15
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Summary
The AWS Amplify Studio UI component property expressions in the aws-amplify/amplify-codegen-ui package lack input validation. This could potentially allow an authenticated user who has access to create or modify components to run arbitrary JavaScript code during the component rendering and build process.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon | Amplify Studio |
Version: 0.1.0 ≤ |
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}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Input validation issue in AWS Amplify Studio UI component properties",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "ff89ba41-3aa1-4d27-914a-91399e9639e5",
"assignerShortName": "AMZN",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-4318",
"datePublished": "2025-05-05T18:16:34.075Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-05-05T14:03:53.695Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-07-18T16:15:55.199Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation
Phases: Architecture and Design, Implementation
Description:
- If possible, refactor your code so that it does not need to use eval() at all.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
- Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.