CWE-89
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.
CVE-2012-10047 (GCVE-0-2012-10047)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-08-08 18:10
Modified
2025-08-08 18:59
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Summary
Cyclope Employee Surveillance Solution versions 6.x is vulnerable to a SQL injection flaw in its login mechanism. The username parameter in the auth-login POST request is not properly sanitized, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary SQL statements. This can be leveraged to write and execute a malicious PHP file on disk, resulting in remote code execution under the SYSTEM user context.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyclope-Series | Cyclope Employee Surveillance Solution |
Version: 6.x ≤ |
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CVE-2012-5861 (GCVE-0-2012-5861)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2012-11-23 11:00
Modified
2025-07-08 15:23
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
Summary
These Sinapsi devices do not check the validity of the data before
executing queries. By accessing the SQL table of certain pages that do
not require authentication within the device, attackers can leak
information from the device. This could allow the attacker to compromise
confidentiality.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/21273/ | exploit, x_refsource_EXPLOIT-DB | |
| http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2012-09/0045.html | mailing-list, x_refsource_BUGTRAQ | |
| https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/80200 | vdb-entry, x_refsource_XF | |
| https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-12-325-01 | ||
| http://www.sinapsitech.it/default.asp?active_page_id=78&news_id=88 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▼ | Sinapsi | eSolar |
Version: 0 < 2.0.2870_xxx_2.2.12 |
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CVE-2012-6427 (GCVE-0-2012-6427)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2012-12-23 21:00
Modified
2025-07-01 20:01
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
Summary
The Carlo Gavazzi
EOS-Box
does not check the validity of the data before executing queries. By accessing the SQL table of certain pages that do not require authentication, attackers can leak information from the device. This could allow the attacker to compromise confidentiality.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carlo Gavazzi Automation | EOS-Box |
Version: 0 < 1.0.0.1080_2.1.10 |
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CVE-2013-10033 (GCVE-0-2013-10033)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-31 14:56
Modified
2025-07-31 18:52
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Summary
An unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability exists in Kimai version 0.9.2.x via the db_restore.php endpoint. The flaw allows attackers to inject arbitrary SQL queries into the dates[] POST parameter, enabling file write via INTO OUTFILE under specific environmental conditions. This can lead to remote code execution by writing a PHP payload to the web-accessible temporary directory. The vulnerability has been confirmed in versions including 0.9.2.beta, 0.9.2.1294.beta, and 0.9.2.1306-3.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kimai Project | Kimai |
Version: 0.9.2.x |
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CVE-2013-10043 (GCVE-0-2013-10043)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-31 14:53
Modified
2025-07-31 15:18
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
Summary
A vulnerability exists in OAstium VoIP PBX astium-confweb-2.1-25399 and earlier, where improper input validation in the logon.php script allows an attacker to bypass authentication via SQL injection. Once authenticated as an administrator, the attacker can upload arbitrary PHP code through the importcompany field in import.php, resulting in remote code execution. The malicious payload is injected into /usr/local/astium/web/php/config.php and executed with root privileges by triggering a configuration reload via sudo /sbin/service astcfgd reload. Successful exploitation leads to full system compromise.
References
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CVE-2013-10044 (GCVE-0-2013-10044)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-08-01 20:46
Modified
2025-08-06 14:45
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
Summary
An authenticated SQL injection vulnerability exists in OpenEMR ≤ 4.1.1 Patch 14 that allows a low-privileged attacker to extract administrator credentials and subsequently escalate privileges. Once elevated, the attacker can exploit an unrestricted file upload flaw to achieve remote code execution, resulting in full compromise of the application and its host system.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OpenEMR Foundation | OpenEMR |
Version: * ≤ 4.1.1 Patch 14 |
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CVE-2014-125115 (GCVE-0-2014-125115)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-25 15:53
Modified
2025-07-28 19:04
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
Summary
An unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability exists in Pandora FMS version 5.0 SP2 and earlier. The mobile/index.php endpoint fails to properly sanitize user input in the loginhash_data parameter, allowing attackers to extract administrator credentials or active session tokens via crafted requests. This occurs because input is directly concatenated into an SQL query without adequate validation, enabling SQL injection. After authentication is bypassed, a second vulnerability in the File Manager component permits arbitrary PHP file uploads. The file upload functionality does not enforce MIME-type or file extension restrictions, allowing authenticated users to upload web shells into a publicly accessible directory and achieve remote code execution.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Artica ST | Pandora FMS |
Version: * < |
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CVE-2014-125123 (GCVE-0-2014-125123)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-31 14:57
Modified
2025-07-31 18:48
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Summary
An unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability exists in the Kloxo web hosting control panel (developed by LXCenter) prior to version 6.1.12. The flaw resides in the login-name parameter passed to lbin/webcommand.php, which fails to properly sanitize input, allowing an attacker to extract the administrator’s password from the backend database. After recovering valid credentials, the attacker can authenticate to the Kloxo control panel and leverage the Command Center feature (display.php) to execute arbitrary operating system commands as root on the underlying host system. This vulnerability was reported to be exploited in the wild in January 2014.
References
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CVE-2019-7481 (GCVE-0-2019-7481)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2019-12-17 22:25
Modified
2025-07-30 01:45
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Summary
Vulnerability in SonicWall SMA100 allow unauthenticated user to gain read-only access to unauthorized resources. This vulnerablity impacted SMA100 version 9.0.0.3 and earlier.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2019-0016 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2021-20016 (GCVE-0-2021-20016)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2021-02-03 20:35
Modified
2025-07-30 01:38
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Summary
A SQL-Injection vulnerability in the SonicWall SSLVPN SMA100 product allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to perform SQL query to access username password and other session related information. This vulnerability impacts SMA100 build version 10.x.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2021-0001 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
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| SonicWall | SonicWall SMA100 |
Version: SMA100 build version 10.x |
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Mitigation ID: MIT-4
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.
Mitigation ID: MIT-27
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
Description:
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using "exec" or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. [REF-867]
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
- Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-28
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
Description:
- While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
- Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When constructing SQL query strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
- Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing SQL injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent SQL injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, the name "O'Reilly" would likely pass the validation step, since it is a common last name in the English language. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the database because it contains the "'" apostrophe character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the apostrophe might reduce the risk of SQL injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the wrong name would be recorded.
- When feasible, it may be safest to disallow meta-characters entirely, instead of escaping them. This will provide some defense in depth. After the data is entered into the database, later processes may neglect to escape meta-characters before use, and you may not have control over those processes.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation ID: MIT-39
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of SQL Injection, error messages revealing the structure of a SQL query can help attackers tailor successful attack strings.
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection
An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.
CAPEC-109: Object Relational Mapping Injection
An attacker leverages a weakness present in the database access layer code generated with an Object Relational Mapping (ORM) tool or a weakness in the way that a developer used a persistence framework to inject their own SQL commands to be executed against the underlying database. The attack here is similar to plain SQL injection, except that the application does not use JDBC to directly talk to the database, but instead it uses a data access layer generated by an ORM tool or framework (e.g. Hibernate). While most of the time code generated by an ORM tool contains safe access methods that are immune to SQL injection, sometimes either due to some weakness in the generated code or due to the fact that the developer failed to use the generated access methods properly, SQL injection is still possible.
CAPEC-110: SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter Tampering
An attacker modifies the parameters of the SOAP message that is sent from the service consumer to the service provider to initiate a SQL injection attack. On the service provider side, the SOAP message is parsed and parameters are not properly validated before being used to access a database in a way that does not use parameter binding, thus enabling the attacker to control the structure of the executed SQL query. This pattern describes a SQL injection attack with the delivery mechanism being a SOAP message.
CAPEC-470: Expanding Control over the Operating System from the Database
An attacker is able to leverage access gained to the database to read / write data to the file system, compromise the operating system, create a tunnel for accessing the host machine, and use this access to potentially attack other machines on the same network as the database machine. Traditionally SQL injections attacks are viewed as a way to gain unauthorized read access to the data stored in the database, modify the data in the database, delete the data, etc. However, almost every data base management system (DBMS) system includes facilities that if compromised allow an attacker complete access to the file system, operating system, and full access to the host running the database. The attacker can then use this privileged access to launch subsequent attacks. These facilities include dropping into a command shell, creating user defined functions that can call system level libraries present on the host machine, stored procedures, etc.
CAPEC-66: SQL Injection
This attack exploits target software that constructs SQL statements based on user input. An attacker crafts input strings so that when the target software constructs SQL statements based on the input, the resulting SQL statement performs actions other than those the application intended. SQL Injection results from failure of the application to appropriately validate input.
CAPEC-7: Blind SQL Injection
Blind SQL Injection results from an insufficient mitigation for SQL Injection. Although suppressing database error messages are considered best practice, the suppression alone is not sufficient to prevent SQL Injection. Blind SQL Injection is a form of SQL Injection that overcomes the lack of error messages. Without the error messages that facilitate SQL Injection, the adversary constructs input strings that probe the target through simple Boolean SQL expressions. The adversary can determine if the syntax and structure of the injection was successful based on whether the query was executed or not. Applied iteratively, the adversary determines how and where the target is vulnerable to SQL Injection.