CWE-425

Direct Request ('Forced Browsing')

The web application does not adequately enforce appropriate authorization on all restricted URLs, scripts, or files.

CVE-2023-4544 (GCVE-0-2023-4544)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2023-08-26 05:00
Modified
2025-07-01 13:50
Severity ?
4.3 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
4.3 (Medium) - CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
CWE
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Byzoro Smart S85F Management Platform up to 20230809. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /config/php.ini. The manipulation leads to direct request. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-238049 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
References
https://vuldb.com/?id.238049vdb-entry, technical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.238049signature, permissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.193047third-party-advisory
https://github.com/jo1995hn/cve/blob/main/s856.mdexploit
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Byzoro Smart S85F Management Platform Version: 20230809
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CVE-2024-39867 (GCVE-0-2024-39867)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-07-09 12:05
Modified
2025-08-27 20:42
Severity ?
7.6 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
7.2 (High) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CWE
  • CWE-425 - Direct Request ('Forced Browsing')
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in SINEMA Remote Connect Server (All versions < V3.2 SP1). Affected devices do not properly validate the authentication when performing certain actions in the web interface allowing an unauthenticated attacker to access and edit device configuration information of devices for which they have no privileges.
References
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-381581.html
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Siemens SINEMA Remote Connect Server Version: 0   < V3.2 SP1
 Create a notification for this product.
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CVE-2024-39868 (GCVE-0-2024-39868)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-07-09 12:05
Modified
2025-08-27 20:42
Severity ?
7.6 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
7.2 (High) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CWE
  • CWE-425 - Direct Request ('Forced Browsing')
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in SINEMA Remote Connect Server (All versions < V3.2 SP1). Affected devices do not properly validate the authentication when performing certain actions in the web interface allowing an unauthenticated attacker to access and edit VxLAN configuration information of networks for which they have no privileges.
References
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-381581.html
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Siemens SINEMA Remote Connect Server Version: 0   < V3.2 SP1
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-45195 (GCVE-0-2024-45195)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-09-04 08:08
Modified
2025-07-30 01:36
Severity ?
CWE
  • CWE-425 - Direct Request ('Forced Browsing')
Summary
Direct Request ('Forced Browsing') vulnerability in Apache OFBiz. This issue affects Apache OFBiz: before 18.12.16. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 18.12.16, which fixes the issue.
References
https://ofbiz.apache.org/download.htmlmitigation, product, release-notes
https://ofbiz.apache.org/security.htmlpatch
https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/OFBIZ-13130issue-tracking
https://lists.apache.org/thread/o90dd9lbk1hh3t2557t2y2qvrh92p7wyvendor-advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache OFBiz Version: 0   < 18.12.16
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-9945 (GCVE-0-2024-9945)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-12-13 15:22
Modified
2025-08-29 20:18
Severity ?
5.3 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  • CWE-425 - Direct Request ('Forced Browsing')
  • CWE-552 - Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties
Summary
An information-disclosure vulnerability exists in Fortra's GoAnywhere MFT application prior to version 7.7.0 that allows external access to the resources in certain admin root folders.
References
https://www.fortra.com/security/advisories/product-security/fi-2024-014vendor-advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Fortra GoAnywhere MFT Version: 0   < 7.7.0
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Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-10287 (GCVE-0-2025-10287)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-09-12 04:32
Modified
2025-09-12 17:15
Severity ?
1.3 (Low) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
3.1 (Low) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RC:R
3.1 (Low) - CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RC:R
CWE
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in roncoo roncoo-pay up to 9428382af21cd5568319eae7429b7e1d0332ff40. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /auth/orderQuery. Such manipulation of the argument orderNo leads to direct request. The attack may be performed from remote. A high complexity level is associated with this attack. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This product utilizes a rolling release system for continuous delivery, and as such, version information for affected or updated releases is not disclosed. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
References
https://vuldb.com/?id.323649vdb-entry, technical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.323649signature, permissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.643387third-party-advisory
https://www.cnblogs.com/aibot/p/19063496broken-link, exploit
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
roncoo roncoo-pay Version: 9428382af21cd5568319eae7429b7e1d0332ff40
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-11280 (GCVE-0-2025-11280)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-10-05 03:32
Modified
2025-10-07 19:36
Severity ?
2.9 (Low) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
3.7 (Low) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
3.7 (Low) - CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
CWE
Summary
A flaw has been found in Frappe LMS 2.35.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /files/ of the component Assignment Picture Handler. This manipulation causes direct request. The attack may be initiated remotely. The attack's complexity is rated as high. The exploitability is considered difficult. The exploit has been published and may be used. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component. The vendor was informed early about a total of four security issues and confirmed that those have been fixed. However, the release notes on GitHub do not mention them.
References
https://vuldb.com/?id.327014vdb-entry
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.327014signature, permissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.659694third-party-advisory
https://gist.github.com/0xHamy/beb840a754f50a7ee6500600147a6ac1related
https://gist.github.com/0xHamy/beb840a754f50a7ee6500600147a6ac1#steps-to-reproduceexploit
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Frappe LMS Version: 2.35.0
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-1542 (GCVE-0-2025-1542)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-03-26 11:07
Modified
2025-10-03 09:05
Severity ?
9.3 (Critical) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CWE
  • CWE-425 - Direct Request ('Forced Browsing')
Summary
Improper permission control vulnerability in the OXARI ServiceDesk application could allow an attacker using a guest access or an unprivileged account to gain additional administrative permissions in the application.This issue affects OXARI ServiceDesk in versions before 2.0.324.0.
References
https://cert.pl/en/posts/2025/03/CVE-2025-1542/
https://www.oxari.com/en/product/oxari-servicedesk
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Infonet Projekt SA OXARI ServiceDesk Version: 0   < 2.0.324.0
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CVE-2025-31971 (GCVE-0-2025-31971)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-08-28 18:04
Modified
2025-08-28 18:21
Severity ?
5.1 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L
CWE
  • CWE-425 - Direct Request ('Forced Browsing')
Summary
AIML Solutions for HCL SX is vulnerable to a URL validation vulnerability.  The issue may allow attackers to launch a server-side request forgery (SSRF) attack enabling unauthorized network calls from the system, potentially exposing internal services or sensitive information.
References
https://support.hcl-software.com/csm?id=kb_article&sysparm_article=KB0123600
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HCL Software AIML Solutions for SX Version: 1.0
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CVE-2025-55736 (GCVE-0-2025-55736)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-08-19 19:04
Modified
2025-08-19 19:29
Severity ?
9.3 (Critical) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CWE
  • CWE-425 - Direct Request ('Forced Browsing')
  • CWE-807 - Reliance on Untrusted Inputs in a Security Decision
Summary
flaskBlog is a blog app built with Flask. In 2.8.0 and earlier, an arbitrary user can change his role to "admin", giving its relative privileges (e.g. delete users, posts, comments etc.). The problem is in the routes/adminPanelUsers file.
References
https://github.com/DogukanUrker/FlaskBlog/security/advisories/GHSA-6q83-vfmq-wf72x_refsource_CONFIRM
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
DogukanUrker FlaskBlog Version: <= 2.8.0
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Mitigation

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Description:

  • Apply appropriate access control authorizations for each access to all restricted URLs, scripts or files.
Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • Consider using MVC based frameworks such as Struts.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing

An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.

CAPEC-143: Detect Unpublicized Web Pages

An adversary searches a targeted web site for web pages that have not been publicized. In doing this, the adversary may be able to gain access to information that the targeted site did not intend to make public.

CAPEC-144: Detect Unpublicized Web Services

An adversary searches a targeted web site for web services that have not been publicized. This attack can be especially dangerous since unpublished but available services may not have adequate security controls placed upon them given that an administrator may believe they are unreachable.

CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)

An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.

CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing

An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.

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