var-201409-0366
Vulnerability from variot
GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (uninitialized memory access, and untrusted-pointer read and write operations) via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271 and CVE-2014-7169. GNU Bash 4.3 and earlier contains a command injection vulnerability that may allow remote code execution. This vulnerability CVE-2014-6271 and CVE-2014-7169 Vulnerability due to insufficient fix for.Arbitrary code execution or denial of service by a third party through a crafted environment ( Uninitialized memory access and untrusted pointer read and write operations ) There is a possibility of being put into a state. An attacker can exploit this issue to execute arbitrary code within the context of the affected application. Failed exploit attempts will result in a denial-of-service condition. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA256
APPLE-SA-2015-09-30-3 OS X El Capitan 10.11
OS X El Capitan 10.11 is now available and addresses the following:
Address Book Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local attacker may be able to inject arbitrary code to processes loading the Address Book framework Description: An issue existed in Address Book framework's handling of an environment variable. This issue was addressed through improved environment variable handling. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5897 : Dan Bastone of Gotham Digital Science
AirScan Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: An attacker with a privileged network position may be able to extract payload from eSCL packets sent over a secure connection Description: An issue existed in the processing of eSCL packets. This issue was addressed through improved validation checks. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5853 : an anonymous researcher
apache_mod_php Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Multiple vulnerabilities in PHP Description: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in PHP versions prior to 5.5.27, including one which may have led to remote code execution. This issue was addressed by updating PHP to version 5.5.27. CVE-ID CVE-2014-9425 CVE-2014-9427 CVE-2014-9652 CVE-2014-9705 CVE-2014-9709 CVE-2015-0231 CVE-2015-0232 CVE-2015-0235 CVE-2015-0273 CVE-2015-1351 CVE-2015-1352 CVE-2015-2301 CVE-2015-2305 CVE-2015-2331 CVE-2015-2348 CVE-2015-2783 CVE-2015-2787 CVE-2015-3329 CVE-2015-3330
Apple Online Store Kit Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A malicious application may gain access to a user's keychain items Description: An issue existed in validation of access control lists for iCloud keychain items. This issue was addressed through improved access control list checks. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5836 : XiaoFeng Wang of Indiana University, Luyi Xing of Indiana University, Tongxin Li of Peking University, Tongxin Li of Peking University, Xiaolong Bai of Tsinghua University
AppleEvents Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A user connected through screen sharing can send Apple Events to a local user's session Description: An issue existed with Apple Event filtering that allowed some users to send events to other users. This was addressed by improved Apple Event handling. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5849 : Jack Lawrence (@_jackhl)
Audio Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Playing a malicious audio file may lead to an unexpected application termination Description: A memory corruption issue existed in the handling of audio files. This issue issue was addressed through improved memory handling. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5862 : YoungJin Yoon of Information Security Lab. (Adv.: Prof. Taekyoung Kwon), Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
bash Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Multiple vulnerabilities in bash Description: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in bash versions prior to 3.2 patch level 57. These issues were addressed by updating bash version 3.2 to patch level 57. CVE-ID CVE-2014-6277 CVE-2014-7186 CVE-2014-7187
Certificate Trust Policy Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Update to the certificate trust policy Description: The certificate trust policy was updated. The complete list of certificates may be viewed at https://support.apple.com/en- us/HT202858.
CFNetwork Cookies Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: An attacker in a privileged network position can track a user's activity Description: A cross-domain cookie issue existed in the handling of top level domains. The issue was address through improved restrictions of cookie creation. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5885 : Xiaofeng Zheng of Blue Lotus Team, Tsinghua University
CFNetwork FTPProtocol Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Malicious FTP servers may be able to cause the client to perform reconnaissance on other hosts Description: An issue existed in the handling of FTP packets when using the PASV command. This issue was resolved through improved validation. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5912 : Amit Klein
CFNetwork HTTPProtocol Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A maliciously crafted URL may be able to bypass HSTS and leak sensitive data Description: A URL parsing vulnerability existed in HSTS handling. This issue was addressed through improved URL parsing. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5858 : Xiaofeng Zheng of Blue Lotus Team, Tsinghua University
CFNetwork HTTPProtocol Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A malicious website may be able to track users in Safari private browsing mode Description: An issue existed in the handling of HSTS state in Safari private browsing mode. This issue was addressed through improved state handling. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5860 : Sam Greenhalgh of RadicalResearch Ltd
CFNetwork Proxies Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Connecting to a malicious web proxy may set malicious cookies for a website Description: An issue existed in the handling of proxy connect responses. This issue was addressed by removing the set-cookie header while parsing the connect response. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5841 : Xiaofeng Zheng of Blue Lotus Team, Tsinghua University
CFNetwork SSL Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: An attacker with a privileged network position may intercept SSL/TLS connections Description: A certificate validation issue existed in NSURL when a certificate changed. This issue was addressed through improved certificate validation. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5824 : Timothy J. Wood of The Omni Group
CFNetwork SSL Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: An attacker may be able to decrypt data protected by SSL Description: There are known attacks on the confidentiality of RC4. An attacker could force the use of RC4, even if the server preferred better ciphers, by blocking TLS 1.0 and higher connections until CFNetwork tried SSL 3.0, which only allows RC4. This issue was addressed by removing the fallback to SSL 3.0.
CoreCrypto Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: An attacker may be able to determine a private key Description: By observing many signing or decryption attempts, an attacker may have been able to determine the RSA private key. This issue was addressed using improved encryption algorithms.
CoreText Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Processing a maliciously crafted font file may lead to arbitrary code execution Description: A memory corruption issue existed in the processing of font files. This issue was addressed through improved input validation. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5874 : John Villamil (@day6reak), Yahoo Pentest Team
Dev Tools Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with system privileges Description: A memory corruption issue existed in dyld. This was addressed through improved memory handling. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5876 : beist of grayhash
Dev Tools Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: An application may be able to bypass code signing Description: An issue existed with validation of the code signature of executables. This issue was addressed through improved bounds checking. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5839 : @PanguTeam
Disk Images Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local user may be able to execute arbitrary code with system privileges Description: A memory corruption issue existed in DiskImages. This issue was addressed through improved memory handling. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5847 : Filippo Bigarella, Luca Todesco
dyld Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: An application may be able to bypass code signing Description: An issue existed with validation of the code signature of executables. This issue was addressed through improved bounds checking. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5839 : TaiG Jailbreak Team
EFI Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A malicious application can prevent some systems from booting Description: An issue existed with the addresses covered by the protected range register. This issue was fixed by changing the protected range. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5900 : Xeno Kovah & Corey Kallenberg from LegbaCore
EFI Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A malicious Apple Ethernet Thunderbolt adapter may be able to affect firmware flashing Description: Apple Ethernet Thunderbolt adapters could modify the host firmware if connected during an EFI update. This issue was addressed by not loading option ROMs during updates. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5914 : Trammell Hudson of Two Sigma Investments and snare
Finder Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: The "Secure Empty Trash" feature may not securely delete files placed in the Trash Description: An issue existed in guaranteeing secure deletion of Trash files on some systems, such as those with flash storage. This issue was addressed by removing the "Secure Empty Trash" option. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5901 : Apple
Game Center Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A malicious Game Center application may be able to access a player's email address Description: An issue existed in Game Center in the handling of a player's email. This issue was addressed through improved access restrictions. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5855 : Nasser Alnasser
Heimdal Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: An attacker may be able to replay Kerberos credentials to the SMB server Description: An authentication issue existed in Kerberos credentials. This issue was addressed through additional validation of credentials using a list of recently seen credentials. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5913 : Tarun Chopra of Microsoft Corporation, U.S. and Yu Fan of Microsoft Corporation, China
ICU Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Multiple vulnerabilities in ICU Description: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in ICU versions prior to 53.1.0. These issues were addressed by updating ICU to version 55.1. CVE-ID CVE-2014-8146 CVE-2014-8147 CVE-2015-5922
Install Framework Legacy Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local user may be able to gain root privileges Description: A restriction issue existed in the Install private framework containing a privileged executable. This issue was addressed by removing the executable. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5888 : Apple
Intel Graphics Driver Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local user may be able to execute arbitrary code with system privileges Description: Multiple memory corruption issues existed in the Intel Graphics Driver. These issues were addressed through improved memory handling. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5830 : Yuki MIZUNO (@mzyy94) CVE-2015-5877 : Camillus Gerard Cai
IOAudioFamily Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local user may be able to determine kernel memory layout Description: An issue existed in IOAudioFamily that led to the disclosure of kernel memory content. This issue was addressed by permuting kernel pointers. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5864 : Luca Todesco
IOGraphics Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local user may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges Description: Multiple memory corruption issues existed in the kernel. These issues were addressed through improved memory handling. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5871 : Ilja van Sprundel of IOActive CVE-2015-5872 : Ilja van Sprundel of IOActive CVE-2015-5873 : Ilja van Sprundel of IOActive CVE-2015-5890 : Ilja van Sprundel of IOActive
IOGraphics Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A malicious application may be able to determine kernel memory layout Description: An issue existed in IOGraphics which could have led to the disclosure of kernel memory layout. This issue was addressed through improved memory management. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5865 : Luca Todesco
IOHIDFamily Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with system privileges Description: Multiple memory corruption issues existed in IOHIDFamily. These issues were addressed through improved memory handling. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5866 : Apple CVE-2015-5867 : moony li of Trend Micro
IOStorageFamily Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local attacker may be able to read kernel memory Description: A memory initialization issue existed in the kernel. This issue was addressed through improved memory handling. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5863 : Ilja van Sprundel of IOActive
Kernel Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local user may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges Description: Multiple memory corruption issues existed in the Kernel. These issues were addressed through improved memory handling. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5868 : Cererdlong of Alibaba Mobile Security Team CVE-2015-5896 : Maxime Villard of m00nbsd CVE-2015-5903 : CESG
Kernel Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local process can modify other processes without entitlement checks Description: An issue existed where root processes using the processor_set_tasks API were allowed to retrieve the task ports of other processes. This issue was addressed through additional entitlement checks. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5882 : Pedro Vilaca, working from original research by Ming-chieh Pan and Sung-ting Tsai; Jonathan Levin
Kernel Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local attacker may control the value of stack cookies Description: Multiple weaknesses existed in the generation of user space stack cookies. These issues were addressed through improved generation of stack cookies. CVE-ID CVE-2013-3951 : Stefan Esser
Kernel Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: An attacker may be able to launch denial of service attacks on targeted TCP connections without knowing the correct sequence number Description: An issue existed in xnu's validation of TCP packet headers. This issue was addressed through improved TCP packet header validation. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5879 : Jonathan Looney
Kernel Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: An attacker in a local LAN segment may disable IPv6 routing Description: An insufficient validation issue existed in the handling of IPv6 router advertisements that allowed an attacker to set the hop limit to an arbitrary value. This issue was addressed by enforcing a minimum hop limit. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5869 : Dennis Spindel Ljungmark
Kernel Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local user may be able to determine kernel memory layout Description: An issue existed that led to the disclosure of kernel memory layout. This was addressed through improved initialization of kernel memory structures. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5842 : beist of grayhash
Kernel Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local user may be able to determine kernel memory layout Description: An issue existed in debugging interfaces that led to the disclosure of memory content. This issue was addressed by sanitizing output from debugging interfaces. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5870 : Apple
Kernel Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local user may be able to cause a system denial of service Description: A state management issue existed in debugging functionality. This issue was addressed through improved validation. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5902 : Sergi Alvarez (pancake) of NowSecure Research Team
libc Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local user may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges Description: A memory corruption issue existed in the kernel. This issue was addressed through improved memory handling. CVE-ID CVE-2014-8611 : Adrian Chadd and Alfred Perlstein of Norse Corporation
libpthread Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local user may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges Description: A memory corruption issue existed in the kernel. This issue was addressed through improved memory handling. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5899 : Lufeng Li of Qihoo 360 Vulcan Team
libxpc Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Many SSH connections could cause a denial of service Description: launchd had no limit on the number of processes that could be started by a network connection. This issue was addressed by limiting the number of SSH processes to 40. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5881 : Apple
Login Window Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: The screen lock may not engage after the specified time period Description: An issue existed with captured display locking. The issue was addressed through improved lock handling. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5833 : Carlos Moreira, Rainer Dorau of rainer dorau informationsdesign, Chris Nehren, Kai Takac, Hans Douma, Toni Vaahtera, and an anonymous researcher
lukemftpd Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A remote attacker may be able to deny service to the FTP server Description: A glob-processing issue existed in tnftpd. This issue was addressed through improved glob validation. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5917 : Maksymilian Arciemowicz of cxsecurity.com
Mail Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Printing an email may leak sensitive user information Description: An issue existed in Mail which bypassed user preferences when printing an email. This issue was addressed through improved user preference enforcement. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5881 : Owen DeLong of Akamai Technologies, Noritaka Kamiya, Dennis Klein from Eschenburg, Germany, Jeff Hammett of Systim Technology Partners
Mail Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: An attacker in a privileged network position may be able to intercept attachments of S/MIME-encrypted e-mail sent via Mail Drop Description: An issue existed in handling encryption parameters for large email attachments sent via Mail Drop. The issue is addressed by no longer offering Mail Drop when sending an encrypted e-mail. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5884 : John McCombs of Integrated Mapping Ltd
Multipeer Connectivity Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local attacker may be able to observe unprotected multipeer data Description: An issue existed in convenience initializer handling in which encryption could be actively downgraded to a non-encrypted session. This issue was addressed by changing the convenience initializer to require encryption. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5851 : Alban Diquet (@nabla_c0d3) of Data Theorem
NetworkExtension Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A malicious application may be able to determine kernel memory layout Description: An uninitialized memory issue in the kernel led to the disclosure of kernel memory content. This issue was addressed through improved memory initialization. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5831 : Maxime Villard of m00nbsd
Notes Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local user may be able to leak sensitive user information Description: An issue existed in parsing links in the Notes application. This issue was addressed through improved input validation. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5878 : Craig Young of Tripwire VERT, an anonymous researcher
Notes Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local user may be able to leak sensitive user information Description: A cross-site scripting issue existed in parsing text by the Notes application. This issue was addressed through improved input validation. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5875 : xisigr of Tencent's Xuanwu LAB (www.tencent.com)
OpenSSH Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSH Description: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in OpenSSH versions prior to 6.9. These issues were addressed by updating OpenSSH to version 6.9. CVE-ID CVE-2014-2532
OpenSSL Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL Description: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in OpenSSL versions prior to 0.9.8zg. These were addressed by updating OpenSSL to version 0.9.8zg. CVE-ID CVE-2015-0286 CVE-2015-0287
procmail Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Multiple vulnerabilities in procmail Description: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in procmail versions prior to 3.22. These issues were addressed by removing procmail. CVE-ID CVE-2014-3618
remote_cmds Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local user may be able to execute arbitrary code with root privileges Description: An issue existed in the usage of environment variables by the rsh binary. This issue was addressed by dropping setuid privileges from the rsh binary. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5889 : Philip Pettersson
removefile Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Processing malicious data may lead to unexpected application termination Description: An overflow fault existed in the checkint division routines. This issue was addressed with improved division routines. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5840 : an anonymous researcher
Ruby Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Multiple vulnerabilities in Ruby Description: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in Ruby versions prior to 2.0.0p645. These were addressed by updating Ruby to version 2.0.0p645. CVE-ID CVE-2014-8080 CVE-2014-8090 CVE-2015-1855
Security Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: The lock state of the keychain may be incorrectly displayed to the user Description: A state management issue existed in the way keychain lock status was tracked. This issue was addressed through improved state management. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5915 : Peter Walz of University of Minnesota, David Ephron, Eric E. Lawrence, Apple
Security Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A trust evaluation configured to require revocation checking may succeed even if revocation checking fails Description: The kSecRevocationRequirePositiveResponse flag was specified but not implemented. This issue was addressed by implementing the flag. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5894 : Hannes Oud of kWallet GmbH
Security Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A remote server may prompt for a certificate before identifying itself Description: Secure Transport accepted the CertificateRequest message before the ServerKeyExchange message. This issue was addressed by requiring the ServerKeyExchange first. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5887 : Benjamin Beurdouche, Karthikeyan Bhargavan, Antoine Delignat-Lavaud, Alfredo Pironti, and Jean Karim Zinzindohoue of INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, and Cedric Fournet and Markulf Kohlweiss of Microsoft Research, Pierre-Yves Strub of IMDEA Software Institute
SMB Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local user may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges Description: A memory corruption issue existed in the kernel. This issue was addressed through improved memory handling. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5891 : Ilja van Sprundel of IOActive
SMB Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local user may be able to determine kernel memory layout Description: An issue existed in SMBClient that led to the disclosure of kernel memory content. This issue was addressed through improved bounds checking. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5893 : Ilja van Sprundel of IOActive
SQLite Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Multiple vulnerabilities in SQLite v3.8.5 Description: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in SQLite v3.8.5. These issues were addressed by updating SQLite to version 3.8.10.2. CVE-ID CVE-2015-3414 CVE-2015-3415 CVE-2015-3416
Telephony Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local attacker can place phone calls without the user's knowledge when using Continuity Description: An issue existed in the authorization checks for placing phone calls. This issue was addressed through improved authorization checks. CVE-ID CVE-2015-3785 : Dan Bastone of Gotham Digital Science
Terminal Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Maliciously crafted text could mislead the user in Terminal Description: Terminal did not handle bidirectional override characters in the same way when displaying text and when selecting text. This issue was addressed by suppressing bidirectional override characters in Terminal. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5883 : an anonymous researcher
tidy Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: Visiting a maliciously crafted website may lead to arbitrary code execution Description: Multiple memory corruption issues existed in tidy. These issues were addressed through improved memory handling. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5522 : Fernando Munoz of NULLGroup.com CVE-2015-5523 : Fernando Munoz of NULLGroup.com
Time Machine Available for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later Impact: A local attacker may gain access to keychain items Description: An issue existed in backups by the Time Machine framework. This issue was addressed through improved coverage of Time Machine backups. CVE-ID CVE-2015-5854 : Jonas Magazinius of Assured AB
Note: OS X El Capitan 10.11 includes the security content of Safari 9: https://support.apple.com/kb/HT205265.
OS X El Capitan 10.11 may be obtained from the Mac App Store: http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/
Information will also be posted to the Apple Security Updates web site: https://support.apple.com/kb/HT201222
This message is signed with Apple's Product Security PGP key, and details are available at: https://www.apple.com/support/security/pgp/
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== Background ==
If you are not familiar with the original bash function export vulnerability (CVE-2014-6271), you may want to have a look at this article:
http://lcamtuf.blogspot.com/2014/09/quick-notes-about-bash-bug-its-impact.html
Well, long story short: the initial maintainer-provided patch for this issue [1] (released on September 24) is conclusively broken.
After nagging people to update for a while [5] [7], I wanted to share the technical details of two previously non-public issues which may be used to circumvent the original patch: CVE-2014-6277 and CVE-2014-6278.
Note that the issues discussed here are separate from the three probably less severe problems publicly disclosed earlier on: Tavis' limited-exploitability EOL bug (CVE-2014-7169) and two likely non-exploitable one-off issues found by Florian Weimer and Todd Sabin (CVE-2014-7186 and CVE-2014-7187).
== Required actions ==
If you have installed just the September 24 patch [1], or that and the follow-up September 26 patch for CVE-2014-7169 [2], you are likely still vulnerable to RCE and need to update ASAP, as discussed in [5].
You are safe if you have installed the unofficial function prefix patch from Florian Weimer [3], or its upstream variant released on September 28 [4]. The patch does not eliminate the problems, but shields the underlying parser from untrusted inputs under normal circumstances.
Note: over the past few days, Florian's patch has been picked up by major Linux distros (Red Hat, Debian, SUSE, etc), so there is a reasonable probability that you are in good shape. To test, execute this command from within a bash shell:
foo='() { echo not patched; }' bash -c foo
If you see "not patched", you probably want upgrade immediately. If you see "bash: foo: command not found", you're OK.
== Vulnerability details: CVE-2014-6277 (the more involved one) ==
The following function definition appearing in the value of any environmental variable passed to bash will lead to an attempt to dereference attacker-controlled pointers (provided that the targeted instance of bash is protected only with the original patches [1][2] and does not include Florian's fix):
() { x() { ; }; x() { ; } <<a; }
A more complete example leading to a deref of 0x41414141 would be:
HTTP_COOKIE="() { x() { ; }; x() { ; } <<perl -e '{print
"A"x1000}'; }" bash -c :
bash[25662]: segfault at 41414141 ip 00190d96 sp bfbe6354 error 4 in libc-2.12.so[110000+191000]
(If you are seeing 0xdfdfdfdf, see note later on).
The issue is caused by an uninitialized here_doc_eof field in a REDIR struct originally created in make_redirection(). The initial segv will happen due to an attempt to read and then copy a string to a new buffer through a macro that expands to:
strcpy (xmalloc (1 + strlen (redirect->here_doc_eof)), (redirect->here_doc_eof))
This appears to be exploitable in at least one way: if here_doc_eof is chosen by the attacker to point in the vicinity of the current stack pointer, the apparent contents of the string - and therefore its length - may change between stack-based calls to xmalloc() and strcpy() as a natural consequence of an attempt to pass parameters and create local variables. Such a mid-macro switch will result in an out-of-bounds write to the newly-allocated memory.
A simple conceptual illustration of this attack vector would be:
-- snip! -- char* result; int len_alloced;
main(int argc, char** argv) {
/ The offset will be system- and compiler-specific /; char* ptr = &ptr - 9;
result = strcpy (malloc(100 + (len_alloced = strlen(ptr))), ptr);
printf("requested memory = %d\n" "copied text = %d\n", len_alloced + 1, strlen(result) + 1);
} -- snip! --
When compiled with the -O2 flag used for bash, on one test system, this produces:
requested memory = 2 copied text = 28
This can lead to heap corruption, with multiple writes possible per payload by simply increasing the number of malformed here-docs. The consequences should be fairly clear.
[ There is also a latter call to free() on here_doc_eof in dispose_cmd.c, but because of the simultaneous discovery of the much simpler bug '78 discussed in the next section, I have not spent a whole lot of time trying to figure out how to get to that path. ]
Perhaps notably, the ability to specify attacker-controlled addresses hinges on the state of --enable-bash-malloc and --enable-mem-scramble compile-time flags; if both are enabled, the memory returned by xmalloc() will be initialized to 0xdf, making the prospect of exploitation more speculative (essentially depending on whether the stack or any other memory region can be grown to overlap with 0xdfdfdfdf). That said, many Linux distributions disable one or both flags and are vulnerable out-of-the-box. It is also of note that relatively few distributions compile bash as PIE, so there is little consolation to be found in ASLR.
Similarly to the original vulnerability, this issue can be usually triggered remotely through web servers such as Apache (provided that they invoke CGI scripts or PHP / Python / Perl / C / Java servlets that rely on system() or popen()-type libcalls); through DHCP clients; and through some MUAs and MTAs. For a more detailed discussion of the exposed attack surface, refer to [6].
== Vulnerability details: CVE-2014-6278 (the "back to the '90s" one) ==
The following function definition appearing in the value of any environmental variable passed to bash 4.2 or 4.3 will lead to straightforward put-your-command-here RCE (again, provided that the targeted instance is not protected with Florian's patch):
() { ; } >[$($())] { echo hi mom; id; }
A complete example looks like this:
HTTP_COOKIE='() { ; } >[$($())] { echo hi mom; id; }' bash -c :
...or:
GET /some/script.cgi HTTP/1.0 User-Agent: () { ; } >[$($())] { id >/tmp/hi_mom; }
Note that the PoC does not work as-is in more ancient versions of bash, such as 2.x or 3.x; it might have been introduced with xparse_dolparen() starting with bash 4.2 patch level 12 few years back, but I have not investigated this in a lot of detail. Florian's patch is strongly recommended either way.
The attack surface through which this flaw may be triggered is roughly similar to that for CVE-2014-6277 and the original bash bug [6].
== Additional info ==
Both of these issues were identified in an automated fashion with american fuzzy lop:
https://code.google.com/p/american-fuzzy-lop
The out-of-the-box fuzzer was seeded with a minimal valid function definition ("() { foo() { foo; }; >bar; }") and allowed to run for a couple of hours on a single core.
In addition to the issues discussed above, the fuzzer also hit three of the four previously-reported CVEs.
I initially shared the findings privately with vendors, but because of the intense scrutiny that this codebase is under, the ease of reproducing these results with an open-source fuzzer, and the now-broad availability of upstream mitigations, there seems to be relatively little value in continued secrecy.
== References ==
[1] http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/bash-4.3-patches/bash43-025 [2] http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/bash-4.3-patches/bash43-026 [3] http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2014/09/25/13 [4] http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/bash-4.3-patches/bash43-027 [5] http://lcamtuf.blogspot.com/2014/09/bash-bug-apply-unofficial-patch-now.html [6] http://lcamtuf.blogspot.com/2014/09/quick-notes-about-bash-bug-its-impact.html [7] http://www.pcworld.com/article/2688932/improved-patch-tackles-new-shellshock-attack-vectors.html
PS. There are no other bugs in bash.
--------- FOLLOW UP -----------
Date: Wed, 01 Oct 2014 07:32:57 -0700 From fulldisclosure-bounces@seclists.org Wed Oct 1 14:37:33 2014 From: Paul Vixie paul@redbarn.org To: Michal Zalewski lcamtuf@coredump.cx Cc: "fulldisclosure@seclists.org" fulldisclosure@seclists.org Subject: Re: [FD] the other bash RCEs (CVE-2014-6277 and CVE-2014-6278)
michal, thank you for your incredibly informative report here. i have a minor correction.
Michal Zalewski lcamtuf@coredump.cx Wednesday, October 01, 2014 7:21 AM ...
Note: over the past few days, Florian's patch has been picked up by major Linux distros (Red Hat, Debian, SUSE, etc), so there is a reasonable probability that you are in good shape. To test, execute this command from within a bash shell:
foo='() { echo not patched; }' bash -c foo
this command need not be executed from within bash. the problem occurs when bash is run by the command, and the shell that runs the command can be anything. for example, on a system where i have deliberately not patched bash, where sh is "ash" (almquist shell):
$ foo='() { echo not patched; }' bash -c foo not patched
here's me testing it from within tcsh:
% env foo='() { echo not patched; }' bash -c foo not patched % (setenv foo '() { echo not patched; }'; bash -c foo) not patched
this is a minor issue, but i've found in matters of security bug reports, tests, and discussions, that any minor matter can lead to deep misunderstanding.
thanks again for your excellent report, and your continuing work on this issue.
vixie
.
This vulnerability allows users that have been granted access to a shell script to escalate privilege and execute unrestricted commands at the same security level as the Bash script. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1
Note: the current version of the following document is available here: https://h20564.www2.hp.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/ docDisplay?docId=emr_na-c04487558
SUPPORT COMMUNICATION - SECURITY BULLETIN
Document ID: c04487558 Version: 2
HPSBST03154 rev.2 - HP StoreFabric C-series MDS switches and HP C-series Nexus 5K switches running Bash Shell, Remote Code Execution
NOTICE: The information in this Security Bulletin should be acted upon as soon as possible.
Release Date: 2014-11-06 Last Updated: 2014-12-08
Potential Security Impact: Remote code execution
Source: Hewlett-Packard Company, HP Software Security Response Team
VULNERABILITY SUMMARY A potential security vulnerability has been identified with HP StoreFabric C-series MDS switches and HP C-series Nexus 5K switches running Bash Shell.
References:
CVE-2014-6271 CVE-2014-6277 CVE-2014-6278 CVE-2014-7169 CVE-2014-7186 CVE-2014-7187 Cisco defect id: CSCur01099 (for MDS switches) Cisco defect id: CSCur05017 (for Nexus switches) SSRT101747
SUPPORTED SOFTWARE VERSIONS*: ONLY impacted versions are listed.
All HP StoreFabric C-series MDS switches All HP C-series Nexus 5K switches
BACKGROUND
CVSS 2.0 Base Metrics
Reference Base Vector Base Score CVE-2014-6271 (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C) 10.0 CVE-2014-6277 (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C) 10.0 CVE-2014-6278 (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C) 10.0 CVE-2014-7169 (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C) 10.0 CVE-2014-7186 (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C) 10.0 CVE-2014-7187 (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C) 10.0 =========================================================== Information on CVSS is documented in HP Customer Notice: HPSN-2008-002
RESOLUTION
HP is providing software updates as indicated below to resolve the vulnerability in HP StoreFabric C-series MDS switches. No other firmware stream updates are planned beyond the NX-OS 5.x and 6.x versions listed below for the MDS products.
HP has released and posted the Cisco switch software version NX-OS 6.2(9a) on HP Support Center (HPSC). This software versions 6.2(9a) has included the fixes for the vulnerability in HP StoreFabric C-series MDS switches which currently supporting NX-OS 6.X releases. HP has released and posted the Cisco switch software version NX-OS 5.2(8e) on HP Support Center (HPSC). This software version 5.2(8e) has included the fix for the vulnerability in HP C-series MDS switches which currently supporting NX-OS 5.X releases. HP is continuing to actively work on software updates to resolve the vulnerability in HP C-series Nexus 5k switches. This bulletin will be revised when these updates become available.
MITIGATION INFORMATION
If updating to a NX-OS version containing the fix is not currently possible, HP recommends the following steps to reduce the risk of this vulnerability:
The "ssh" or "telnet" features may be disabled by the admin user. All MDS and Nexus 5K switches can function in this configuration. Access is available through the console port.
HISTORY Version:1 (rev.1) - 6 November 2014 Initial release Version:2 (rev.2) - 8 December 2014 Updated with MDS releases
Third Party Security Patches: Third party security patches that are to be installed on systems running HP software products should be applied in accordance with the customer's patch management policy.
Support: For issues about implementing the recommendations of this Security Bulletin, contact normal HP Services support channel. For other issues about the content of this Security Bulletin, send e-mail to security-alert@hp.com.
Report: To report a potential security vulnerability with any HP supported product, send Email to: security-alert@hp.com
Subscribe: To initiate a subscription to receive future HP Security Bulletin alerts via Email: http://h41183.www4.hp.com/signup_alerts.php?jumpid=hpsc_secbulletins
Security Bulletin Archive: A list of recently released Security Bulletins is available here: https://h20564.www2.hp.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/secBullArchive/
Software Product Category: The Software Product Category is represented in the title by the two characters following HPSB.
3C = 3COM 3P = 3rd Party Software GN = HP General Software HF = HP Hardware and Firmware MP = MPE/iX MU = Multi-Platform Software NS = NonStop Servers OV = OpenVMS PI = Printing and Imaging PV = ProCurve ST = Storage Software TU = Tru64 UNIX UX = HP-UX
Copyright 2014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Hewlett-Packard Company shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein. The information provided is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. To the extent permitted by law, neither HP or its affiliates, subcontractors or suppliers will be liable for incidental,special or consequential damages including downtime cost; lost profits; damages relating to the procurement of substitute products or services; or damages for loss of data, or software restoration. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard Company and the names of Hewlett-Packard products referenced herein are trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company in the United States and other countries. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective owners.
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"data": "GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (uninitialized memory access, and untrusted-pointer read and write operations) via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271 and CVE-2014-7169. GNU Bash 4.3 and earlier contains a command injection vulnerability that may allow remote code execution. This vulnerability CVE-2014-6271 and CVE-2014-7169 Vulnerability due to insufficient fix for.Arbitrary code execution or denial of service by a third party through a crafted environment ( Uninitialized memory access and untrusted pointer read and write operations ) There is a possibility of being put into a state. \nAn attacker can exploit this issue to execute arbitrary code within the context of the affected application. Failed exploit attempts will result in a denial-of-service condition. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA256\n\nAPPLE-SA-2015-09-30-3 OS X El Capitan 10.11\n\nOS X El Capitan 10.11 is now available and addresses the following:\n\nAddress Book\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local attacker may be able to inject arbitrary code to\nprocesses loading the Address Book framework\nDescription: An issue existed in Address Book framework\u0027s handling\nof an environment variable. This issue was addressed through improved\nenvironment variable handling. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5897 : Dan Bastone of Gotham Digital Science\n\nAirScan\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: An attacker with a privileged network position may be able\nto extract payload from eSCL packets sent over a secure connection\nDescription: An issue existed in the processing of eSCL packets. \nThis issue was addressed through improved validation checks. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5853 : an anonymous researcher\n\napache_mod_php\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Multiple vulnerabilities in PHP\nDescription: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in PHP versions prior\nto 5.5.27, including one which may have led to remote code execution. \nThis issue was addressed by updating PHP to version 5.5.27. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2014-9425\nCVE-2014-9427\nCVE-2014-9652\nCVE-2014-9705\nCVE-2014-9709\nCVE-2015-0231\nCVE-2015-0232\nCVE-2015-0235\nCVE-2015-0273\nCVE-2015-1351\nCVE-2015-1352\nCVE-2015-2301\nCVE-2015-2305\nCVE-2015-2331\nCVE-2015-2348\nCVE-2015-2783\nCVE-2015-2787\nCVE-2015-3329\nCVE-2015-3330\n\nApple Online Store Kit\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A malicious application may gain access to a user\u0027s keychain\nitems\nDescription: An issue existed in validation of access control lists\nfor iCloud keychain items. This issue was addressed through improved\naccess control list checks. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5836 : XiaoFeng Wang of Indiana University, Luyi Xing of\nIndiana University, Tongxin Li of Peking University, Tongxin Li of\nPeking University, Xiaolong Bai of Tsinghua University\n\nAppleEvents\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A user connected through screen sharing can send Apple\nEvents to a local user\u0027s session\nDescription: An issue existed with Apple Event filtering that\nallowed some users to send events to other users. This was addressed\nby improved Apple Event handling. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5849 : Jack Lawrence (@_jackhl)\n\nAudio\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Playing a malicious audio file may lead to an unexpected\napplication termination\nDescription: A memory corruption issue existed in the handling of\naudio files. This issue issue was addressed through improved memory\nhandling. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5862 : YoungJin Yoon of Information Security Lab. (Adv.:\nProf. Taekyoung Kwon), Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea\n\nbash\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Multiple vulnerabilities in bash\nDescription: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in bash versions prior\nto 3.2 patch level 57. These issues were addressed by updating bash\nversion 3.2 to patch level 57. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2014-6277\nCVE-2014-7186\nCVE-2014-7187\n\nCertificate Trust Policy\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Update to the certificate trust policy\nDescription: The certificate trust policy was updated. The complete\nlist of certificates may be viewed at https://support.apple.com/en-\nus/HT202858. \n\nCFNetwork Cookies\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: An attacker in a privileged network position can track a\nuser\u0027s activity\nDescription: A cross-domain cookie issue existed in the handling of\ntop level domains. The issue was address through improved\nrestrictions of cookie creation. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5885 : Xiaofeng Zheng of Blue Lotus Team, Tsinghua\nUniversity\n\nCFNetwork FTPProtocol\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Malicious FTP servers may be able to cause the client to\nperform reconnaissance on other hosts\nDescription: An issue existed in the handling of FTP packets when\nusing the PASV command. This issue was resolved through improved\nvalidation. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5912 : Amit Klein\n\nCFNetwork HTTPProtocol\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A maliciously crafted URL may be able to bypass HSTS and\nleak sensitive data\nDescription: A URL parsing vulnerability existed in HSTS handling. \nThis issue was addressed through improved URL parsing. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5858 : Xiaofeng Zheng of Blue Lotus Team, Tsinghua\nUniversity\n\nCFNetwork HTTPProtocol\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A malicious website may be able to track users in Safari\nprivate browsing mode\nDescription: An issue existed in the handling of HSTS state in\nSafari private browsing mode. This issue was addressed through\nimproved state handling. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5860 : Sam Greenhalgh of RadicalResearch Ltd\n\nCFNetwork Proxies\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Connecting to a malicious web proxy may set malicious\ncookies for a website\nDescription: An issue existed in the handling of proxy connect\nresponses. This issue was addressed by removing the set-cookie header\nwhile parsing the connect response. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5841 : Xiaofeng Zheng of Blue Lotus Team, Tsinghua\nUniversity\n\nCFNetwork SSL\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: An attacker with a privileged network position may intercept\nSSL/TLS connections\nDescription: A certificate validation issue existed in NSURL when a\ncertificate changed. This issue was addressed through improved\ncertificate validation. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5824 : Timothy J. Wood of The Omni Group\n\nCFNetwork SSL\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: An attacker may be able to decrypt data protected by SSL\nDescription: There are known attacks on the confidentiality of RC4. \nAn attacker could force the use of RC4, even if the server preferred\nbetter ciphers, by blocking TLS 1.0 and higher connections until\nCFNetwork tried SSL 3.0, which only allows RC4. This issue was\naddressed by removing the fallback to SSL 3.0. \n\nCoreCrypto\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: An attacker may be able to determine a private key\nDescription: By observing many signing or decryption attempts, an\nattacker may have been able to determine the RSA private key. This\nissue was addressed using improved encryption algorithms. \n\nCoreText\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Processing a maliciously crafted font file may lead to\narbitrary code execution\nDescription: A memory corruption issue existed in the processing of\nfont files. This issue was addressed through improved input\nvalidation. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5874 : John Villamil (@day6reak), Yahoo Pentest Team\n\nDev Tools\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary\ncode with system privileges\nDescription: A memory corruption issue existed in dyld. This was\naddressed through improved memory handling. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5876 : beist of grayhash\n\nDev Tools\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: An application may be able to bypass code signing\nDescription: An issue existed with validation of the code signature\nof executables. This issue was addressed through improved bounds\nchecking. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5839 : @PanguTeam\n\nDisk Images\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local user may be able to execute arbitrary code with\nsystem privileges\nDescription: A memory corruption issue existed in DiskImages. This\nissue was addressed through improved memory handling. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5847 : Filippo Bigarella, Luca Todesco\n\ndyld\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: An application may be able to bypass code signing\nDescription: An issue existed with validation of the code signature\nof executables. This issue was addressed through improved bounds\nchecking. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5839 : TaiG Jailbreak Team\n\nEFI\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A malicious application can prevent some systems from\nbooting\nDescription: An issue existed with the addresses covered by the\nprotected range register. This issue was fixed by changing the\nprotected range. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5900 : Xeno Kovah \u0026 Corey Kallenberg from LegbaCore\n\nEFI\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A malicious Apple Ethernet Thunderbolt adapter may be able\nto affect firmware flashing\nDescription: Apple Ethernet Thunderbolt adapters could modify the\nhost firmware if connected during an EFI update. This issue was\naddressed by not loading option ROMs during updates. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5914 : Trammell Hudson of Two Sigma Investments and snare\n\nFinder\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: The \"Secure Empty Trash\" feature may not securely delete\nfiles placed in the Trash\nDescription: An issue existed in guaranteeing secure deletion of\nTrash files on some systems, such as those with flash storage. This\nissue was addressed by removing the \"Secure Empty Trash\" option. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5901 : Apple\n\nGame Center\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A malicious Game Center application may be able to access a\nplayer\u0027s email address\nDescription: An issue existed in Game Center in the handling of a\nplayer\u0027s email. This issue was addressed through improved access\nrestrictions. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5855 : Nasser Alnasser\n\nHeimdal\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: An attacker may be able to replay Kerberos credentials to\nthe SMB server\nDescription: An authentication issue existed in Kerberos\ncredentials. This issue was addressed through additional validation\nof credentials using a list of recently seen credentials. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5913 : Tarun Chopra of Microsoft Corporation, U.S. and Yu\nFan of Microsoft Corporation, China\n\nICU\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Multiple vulnerabilities in ICU\nDescription: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in ICU versions prior\nto 53.1.0. These issues were addressed by updating ICU to version\n55.1. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2014-8146\nCVE-2014-8147\nCVE-2015-5922\n\nInstall Framework Legacy\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local user may be able to gain root privileges\nDescription: A restriction issue existed in the Install private\nframework containing a privileged executable. This issue was\naddressed by removing the executable. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5888 : Apple\n\nIntel Graphics Driver\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local user may be able to execute arbitrary code with\nsystem privileges\nDescription: Multiple memory corruption issues existed in the Intel\nGraphics Driver. These issues were addressed through improved memory\nhandling. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5830 : Yuki MIZUNO (@mzyy94)\nCVE-2015-5877 : Camillus Gerard Cai\n\nIOAudioFamily\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local user may be able to determine kernel memory layout\nDescription: An issue existed in IOAudioFamily that led to the\ndisclosure of kernel memory content. This issue was addressed by\npermuting kernel pointers. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5864 : Luca Todesco\n\nIOGraphics\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local user may be able to execute arbitrary code with\nkernel privileges\nDescription: Multiple memory corruption issues existed in the\nkernel. These issues were addressed through improved memory handling. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5871 : Ilja van Sprundel of IOActive\nCVE-2015-5872 : Ilja van Sprundel of IOActive\nCVE-2015-5873 : Ilja van Sprundel of IOActive\nCVE-2015-5890 : Ilja van Sprundel of IOActive\n\nIOGraphics\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A malicious application may be able to determine kernel\nmemory layout\nDescription: An issue existed in IOGraphics which could have led to\nthe disclosure of kernel memory layout. This issue was addressed\nthrough improved memory management. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5865 : Luca Todesco\n\nIOHIDFamily\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary\ncode with system privileges\nDescription: Multiple memory corruption issues existed in\nIOHIDFamily. These issues were addressed through improved memory\nhandling. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5866 : Apple\nCVE-2015-5867 : moony li of Trend Micro\n\nIOStorageFamily\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local attacker may be able to read kernel memory\nDescription: A memory initialization issue existed in the kernel. \nThis issue was addressed through improved memory handling. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5863 : Ilja van Sprundel of IOActive\n\nKernel\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local user may be able to execute arbitrary code with\nkernel privileges\nDescription: Multiple memory corruption issues existed in the\nKernel. These issues were addressed through improved memory handling. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5868 : Cererdlong of Alibaba Mobile Security Team\nCVE-2015-5896 : Maxime Villard of m00nbsd\nCVE-2015-5903 : CESG\n\nKernel\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local process can modify other processes without\nentitlement checks\nDescription: An issue existed where root processes using the\nprocessor_set_tasks API were allowed to retrieve the task ports of\nother processes. This issue was addressed through additional\nentitlement checks. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5882 : Pedro Vilaca, working from original research by\nMing-chieh Pan and Sung-ting Tsai; Jonathan Levin\n\nKernel\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local attacker may control the value of stack cookies\nDescription: Multiple weaknesses existed in the generation of user\nspace stack cookies. These issues were addressed through improved\ngeneration of stack cookies. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2013-3951 : Stefan Esser\n\nKernel\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: An attacker may be able to launch denial of service attacks\non targeted TCP connections without knowing the correct sequence\nnumber\nDescription: An issue existed in xnu\u0027s validation of TCP packet\nheaders. This issue was addressed through improved TCP packet header\nvalidation. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5879 : Jonathan Looney\n\nKernel\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: An attacker in a local LAN segment may disable IPv6 routing\nDescription: An insufficient validation issue existed in the\nhandling of IPv6 router advertisements that allowed an attacker to\nset the hop limit to an arbitrary value. This issue was addressed by\nenforcing a minimum hop limit. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5869 : Dennis Spindel Ljungmark\n\nKernel\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local user may be able to determine kernel memory layout\nDescription: An issue existed that led to the disclosure of kernel\nmemory layout. This was addressed through improved initialization of\nkernel memory structures. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5842 : beist of grayhash\n\nKernel\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local user may be able to determine kernel memory layout\nDescription: An issue existed in debugging interfaces that led to\nthe disclosure of memory content. This issue was addressed by\nsanitizing output from debugging interfaces. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5870 : Apple\n\nKernel\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local user may be able to cause a system denial of service\nDescription: A state management issue existed in debugging\nfunctionality. This issue was addressed through improved validation. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5902 : Sergi Alvarez (pancake) of NowSecure Research Team\n\nlibc\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local user may be able to execute arbitrary code with\nkernel privileges\nDescription: A memory corruption issue existed in the kernel. This\nissue was addressed through improved memory handling. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2014-8611 : Adrian Chadd and Alfred Perlstein of Norse\nCorporation\n\nlibpthread\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local user may be able to execute arbitrary code with\nkernel privileges\nDescription: A memory corruption issue existed in the kernel. This\nissue was addressed through improved memory handling. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5899 : Lufeng Li of Qihoo 360 Vulcan Team\n\nlibxpc\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Many SSH connections could cause a denial of service\nDescription: launchd had no limit on the number of processes that\ncould be started by a network connection. This issue was addressed by\nlimiting the number of SSH processes to 40. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5881 : Apple\n\nLogin Window\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: The screen lock may not engage after the specified time\nperiod\nDescription: An issue existed with captured display locking. The\nissue was addressed through improved lock handling. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5833 : Carlos Moreira, Rainer Dorau of rainer dorau\ninformationsdesign, Chris Nehren, Kai Takac, Hans Douma, Toni\nVaahtera, and an anonymous researcher\n\nlukemftpd\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A remote attacker may be able to deny service to the FTP\nserver\nDescription: A glob-processing issue existed in tnftpd. This issue\nwas addressed through improved glob validation. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5917 : Maksymilian Arciemowicz of cxsecurity.com\n\nMail\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Printing an email may leak sensitive user information\nDescription: An issue existed in Mail which bypassed user\npreferences when printing an email. This issue was addressed through\nimproved user preference enforcement. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5881 : Owen DeLong of Akamai Technologies, Noritaka Kamiya,\nDennis Klein from Eschenburg, Germany, Jeff Hammett of Systim\nTechnology Partners\n\nMail\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: An attacker in a privileged network position may be able to\nintercept attachments of S/MIME-encrypted e-mail sent via Mail Drop\nDescription: An issue existed in handling encryption parameters for\nlarge email attachments sent via Mail Drop. The issue is addressed by\nno longer offering Mail Drop when sending an encrypted e-mail. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5884 : John McCombs of Integrated Mapping Ltd\n\nMultipeer Connectivity\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local attacker may be able to observe unprotected\nmultipeer data\nDescription: An issue existed in convenience initializer handling in\nwhich encryption could be actively downgraded to a non-encrypted\nsession. This issue was addressed by changing the convenience\ninitializer to require encryption. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5851 : Alban Diquet (@nabla_c0d3) of Data Theorem\n\nNetworkExtension\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A malicious application may be able to determine kernel\nmemory layout\nDescription: An uninitialized memory issue in the kernel led to the\ndisclosure of kernel memory content. This issue was addressed through\nimproved memory initialization. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5831 : Maxime Villard of m00nbsd\n\nNotes\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local user may be able to leak sensitive user information\nDescription: An issue existed in parsing links in the Notes\napplication. This issue was addressed through improved input\nvalidation. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5878 : Craig Young of Tripwire VERT, an anonymous researcher\n\nNotes\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local user may be able to leak sensitive user information\nDescription: A cross-site scripting issue existed in parsing text by\nthe Notes application. This issue was addressed through improved\ninput validation. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5875 : xisigr of Tencent\u0027s Xuanwu LAB (www.tencent.com)\n\nOpenSSH\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSH\nDescription: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in OpenSSH versions\nprior to 6.9. These issues were addressed by updating OpenSSH to\nversion 6.9. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2014-2532\n\nOpenSSL\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL\nDescription: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in OpenSSL versions\nprior to 0.9.8zg. These were addressed by updating OpenSSL to version\n0.9.8zg. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-0286\nCVE-2015-0287\n\nprocmail\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Multiple vulnerabilities in procmail\nDescription: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in procmail versions\nprior to 3.22. These issues were addressed by removing procmail. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2014-3618\n\nremote_cmds\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local user may be able to execute arbitrary code with root\nprivileges\nDescription: An issue existed in the usage of environment variables\nby the rsh binary. This issue was addressed by dropping setuid\nprivileges from the rsh binary. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5889 : Philip Pettersson\n\nremovefile\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Processing malicious data may lead to unexpected application\ntermination\nDescription: An overflow fault existed in the checkint division\nroutines. This issue was addressed with improved division routines. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5840 : an anonymous researcher\n\nRuby\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Multiple vulnerabilities in Ruby\nDescription: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in Ruby versions prior\nto 2.0.0p645. These were addressed by updating Ruby to version\n2.0.0p645. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2014-8080\nCVE-2014-8090\nCVE-2015-1855\n\nSecurity\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: The lock state of the keychain may be incorrectly displayed\nto the user\nDescription: A state management issue existed in the way keychain\nlock status was tracked. This issue was addressed through improved\nstate management. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5915 : Peter Walz of University of Minnesota, David Ephron,\nEric E. Lawrence, Apple\n\nSecurity\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A trust evaluation configured to require revocation checking\nmay succeed even if revocation checking fails\nDescription: The kSecRevocationRequirePositiveResponse flag was\nspecified but not implemented. This issue was addressed by\nimplementing the flag. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5894 : Hannes Oud of kWallet GmbH\n\nSecurity\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A remote server may prompt for a certificate before\nidentifying itself\nDescription: Secure Transport accepted the CertificateRequest\nmessage before the ServerKeyExchange message. This issue was\naddressed by requiring the ServerKeyExchange first. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5887 : Benjamin Beurdouche, Karthikeyan Bhargavan, Antoine\nDelignat-Lavaud, Alfredo Pironti, and Jean Karim Zinzindohoue of\nINRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, and Cedric Fournet and Markulf Kohlweiss of\nMicrosoft Research, Pierre-Yves Strub of IMDEA Software Institute\n\nSMB\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local user may be able to execute arbitrary code with\nkernel privileges\nDescription: A memory corruption issue existed in the kernel. This\nissue was addressed through improved memory handling. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5891 : Ilja van Sprundel of IOActive\n\nSMB\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local user may be able to determine kernel memory layout\nDescription: An issue existed in SMBClient that led to the\ndisclosure of kernel memory content. This issue was addressed through\nimproved bounds checking. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5893 : Ilja van Sprundel of IOActive\n\nSQLite\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Multiple vulnerabilities in SQLite v3.8.5\nDescription: Multiple vulnerabilities existed in SQLite v3.8.5. \nThese issues were addressed by updating SQLite to version 3.8.10.2. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-3414\nCVE-2015-3415\nCVE-2015-3416\n\nTelephony\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local attacker can place phone calls without the user\u0027s\nknowledge when using Continuity\nDescription: An issue existed in the authorization checks for\nplacing phone calls. This issue was addressed through improved\nauthorization checks. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-3785 : Dan Bastone of Gotham Digital Science\n\nTerminal\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Maliciously crafted text could mislead the user in Terminal\nDescription: Terminal did not handle bidirectional override\ncharacters in the same way when displaying text and when selecting\ntext. This issue was addressed by suppressing bidirectional override\ncharacters in Terminal. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5883 : an anonymous researcher\n\ntidy\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: Visiting a maliciously crafted website may lead to arbitrary\ncode execution\nDescription: Multiple memory corruption issues existed in tidy. \nThese issues were addressed through improved memory handling. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5522 : Fernando Munoz of NULLGroup.com\nCVE-2015-5523 : Fernando Munoz of NULLGroup.com\n\nTime Machine\nAvailable for: Mac OS X v10.6.8 and later\nImpact: A local attacker may gain access to keychain items\nDescription: An issue existed in backups by the Time Machine\nframework. This issue was addressed through improved coverage of Time\nMachine backups. \nCVE-ID\nCVE-2015-5854 : Jonas Magazinius of Assured AB\n\nNote: OS X El Capitan 10.11 includes the security content of\nSafari 9: https://support.apple.com/kb/HT205265. \n\nOS X El Capitan 10.11 may be obtained from the Mac App Store:\nhttp://www.apple.com/support/downloads/\n\nInformation will also be posted to the Apple Security Updates\nweb site: https://support.apple.com/kb/HT201222\n\nThis message is signed with Apple\u0027s Product Security PGP key,\nand details are available at:\nhttps://www.apple.com/support/security/pgp/\n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\nComment: GPGTools - http://gpgtools.org\n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\ng6jld/w5tPuCFhGucE7Z\n=XciV\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n. Good morning! This is kinda long. \n\n== Background ==\n\nIf you are not familiar with the original bash function export\nvulnerability (CVE-2014-6271), you may want to have a look at this\narticle:\n\nhttp://lcamtuf.blogspot.com/2014/09/quick-notes-about-bash-bug-its-impact.html\n\nWell, long story short: the initial maintainer-provided patch for this\nissue [1] (released on September 24) is *conclusively* broken. \n\nAfter nagging people to update for a while [5] [7], I wanted to share\nthe technical details of two previously non-public issues which may be\nused to circumvent the original patch: CVE-2014-6277 and\nCVE-2014-6278. \n\nNote that the issues discussed here are separate from the three\nprobably less severe problems publicly disclosed earlier on: Tavis\u0027\nlimited-exploitability EOL bug (CVE-2014-7169) and two likely\nnon-exploitable one-off issues found by Florian Weimer and Todd Sabin\n(CVE-2014-7186 and CVE-2014-7187). \n\n== Required actions ==\n\nIf you have installed just the September 24 patch [1], or that and the\nfollow-up September 26 patch for CVE-2014-7169 [2], you are likely\nstill vulnerable to RCE and need to update ASAP, as discussed in [5]. \n\nYou are safe if you have installed the unofficial function prefix\npatch from Florian Weimer [3], or its upstream variant released on\nSeptember 28 [4]. The patch does not eliminate the problems, but\nshields the underlying parser from untrusted inputs under normal\ncircumstances. \n\nNote: over the past few days, Florian\u0027s patch has been picked up by\nmajor Linux distros (Red Hat, Debian, SUSE, etc), so there is a\nreasonable probability that you are in good shape. To test, execute\nthis command from within a bash shell:\n\nfoo=\u0027() { echo not patched; }\u0027 bash -c foo\n\nIf you see \"not patched\", you probably want upgrade immediately. If\nyou see \"bash: foo: command not found\", you\u0027re OK. \n\n== Vulnerability details: CVE-2014-6277 (the more involved one) ==\n\nThe following function definition appearing in the value of any\nenvironmental variable passed to bash will lead to an attempt to\ndereference attacker-controlled pointers (provided that the targeted\ninstance of bash is protected only with the original patches [1][2]\nand does not include Florian\u0027s fix):\n\n() { x() { _; }; x() { _; } \u003c\u003ca; }\n\nA more complete example leading to a deref of 0x41414141 would be:\n\nHTTP_COOKIE=\"() { x() { _; }; x() { _; } \u003c\u003c`perl -e \u0027{print\n\"A\"x1000}\u0027`; }\" bash -c :\n\nbash[25662]: segfault at 41414141 ip 00190d96 sp bfbe6354 error 4 in\nlibc-2.12.so[110000+191000]\n\n(If you are seeing 0xdfdfdfdf, see note later on). \n\nThe issue is caused by an uninitialized here_doc_eof field in a REDIR\nstruct originally created in make_redirection(). The initial segv will\nhappen due to an attempt to read and then copy a string to a new\nbuffer through a macro that expands to:\n\nstrcpy (xmalloc (1 + strlen (redirect-\u003ehere_doc_eof)), (redirect-\u003ehere_doc_eof))\n\nThis appears to be exploitable in at least one way: if here_doc_eof is\nchosen by the attacker to point in the vicinity of the current stack\npointer, the apparent contents of the string - and therefore its\nlength - may change between stack-based calls to xmalloc() and\nstrcpy() as a natural consequence of an attempt to pass parameters and\ncreate local variables. Such a mid-macro switch will result in an\nout-of-bounds write to the newly-allocated memory. \n\nA simple conceptual illustration of this attack vector would be:\n\n-- snip! --\nchar* result;\nint len_alloced;\n\nmain(int argc, char** argv) {\n\n /* The offset will be system- and compiler-specific */;\n char* ptr = \u0026ptr - 9;\n\n result = strcpy (malloc(100 + (len_alloced = strlen(ptr))), ptr);\n\n printf(\"requested memory = %d\\n\"\n \"copied text = %d\\n\", len_alloced + 1, strlen(result) + 1);\n\n}\n-- snip! --\n\nWhen compiled with the -O2 flag used for bash, on one test system,\nthis produces:\n\nrequested memory = 2\ncopied text = 28\n\nThis can lead to heap corruption, with multiple writes possible per\npayload by simply increasing the number of malformed here-docs. The\nconsequences should be fairly clear. \n\n[ There is also a latter call to free() on here_doc_eof in\ndispose_cmd.c, but because of the simultaneous discovery of the much\nsimpler bug \u002778 discussed in the next section, I have not spent a\nwhole lot of time trying to figure out how to get to that path. ]\n\nPerhaps notably, the ability to specify attacker-controlled addresses\nhinges on the state of --enable-bash-malloc and --enable-mem-scramble\ncompile-time flags; if both are enabled, the memory returned by\nxmalloc() will be initialized to 0xdf, making the prospect of\nexploitation more speculative (essentially depending on whether the\nstack or any other memory region can be grown to overlap with\n0xdfdfdfdf). That said, many Linux distributions disable one or both\nflags and are vulnerable out-of-the-box. It is also of note that\nrelatively few distributions compile bash as PIE, so there is little\nconsolation to be found in ASLR. \n\nSimilarly to the original vulnerability, this issue can be usually\ntriggered remotely through web servers such as Apache (provided that\nthey invoke CGI scripts or PHP / Python / Perl / C / Java servlets\nthat rely on system() or popen()-type libcalls); through DHCP clients;\nand through some MUAs and MTAs. For a more detailed discussion of the\nexposed attack surface, refer to [6]. \n\n== Vulnerability details: CVE-2014-6278 (the \"back to the \u002790s\" one) ==\n\nThe following function definition appearing in the value of any\nenvironmental variable passed to bash 4.2 or 4.3 will lead to\nstraightforward put-your-command-here RCE (again, provided that the\ntargeted instance is not protected with Florian\u0027s patch):\n\n() { _; } \u003e_[$($())] { echo hi mom; id; }\n\nA complete example looks like this:\n\nHTTP_COOKIE=\u0027() { _; } \u003e_[$($())] { echo hi mom; id; }\u0027 bash -c :\n\n...or:\n\nGET /some/script.cgi HTTP/1.0\nUser-Agent: () { _; } \u003e_[$($())] { id \u003e/tmp/hi_mom; }\n\nNote that the PoC does not work as-is in more ancient versions of\nbash, such as 2.x or 3.x; it might have been introduced with\nxparse_dolparen() starting with bash 4.2 patch level 12 few years\nback, but I have not investigated this in a lot of detail. Florian\u0027s\npatch is strongly recommended either way. \n\nThe attack surface through which this flaw may be triggered is roughly\nsimilar to that for CVE-2014-6277 and the original bash bug [6]. \n\n== Additional info ==\n\nBoth of these issues were identified in an automated fashion with\namerican fuzzy lop:\n\nhttps://code.google.com/p/american-fuzzy-lop\n\nThe out-of-the-box fuzzer was seeded with a minimal valid function\ndefinition (\"() { foo() { foo; }; \u003ebar; }\") and allowed to run for a\ncouple of hours on a single core. \n\nIn addition to the issues discussed above, the fuzzer also hit three\nof the four previously-reported CVEs. \n\nI initially shared the findings privately with vendors, but because of\nthe intense scrutiny that this codebase is under, the ease of\nreproducing these results with an open-source fuzzer, and the\nnow-broad availability of upstream mitigations, there seems to be\nrelatively little value in continued secrecy. \n\n== References ==\n\n[1] http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/bash-4.3-patches/bash43-025\n[2] http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/bash-4.3-patches/bash43-026\n[3] http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2014/09/25/13\n[4] http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/bash-4.3-patches/bash43-027\n[5] http://lcamtuf.blogspot.com/2014/09/bash-bug-apply-unofficial-patch-now.html\n[6] http://lcamtuf.blogspot.com/2014/09/quick-notes-about-bash-bug-its-impact.html\n[7] http://www.pcworld.com/article/2688932/improved-patch-tackles-new-shellshock-attack-vectors.html\n\nPS. There are no other bugs in bash. \n\n--------- FOLLOW UP -----------\n\nDate: Wed, 01 Oct 2014 07:32:57 -0700\nFrom fulldisclosure-bounces@seclists.org Wed Oct 1 14:37:33 2014\nFrom: Paul Vixie \u003cpaul@redbarn.org\u003e\nTo: Michal Zalewski \u003clcamtuf@coredump.cx\u003e\nCc: \"fulldisclosure@seclists.org\" \u003cfulldisclosure@seclists.org\u003e\nSubject: Re: [FD] the other bash RCEs (CVE-2014-6277 and CVE-2014-6278)\n\nmichal, thank you for your incredibly informative report here. i have a\nminor correction. \n\n\u003e Michal Zalewski \u003cmailto:lcamtuf@coredump.cx\u003e\n\u003e Wednesday, October 01, 2014 7:21 AM\n\u003e ... \n\u003e\n\u003e Note: over the past few days, Florian\u0027s patch has been picked up by\n\u003e major Linux distros (Red Hat, Debian, SUSE, etc), so there is a\n\u003e reasonable probability that you are in good shape. To test, execute\n\u003e this command from within a bash shell:\n\u003e\n\u003e foo=\u0027() { echo not patched; }\u0027 bash -c foo\n\nthis command need not be executed from within bash. the problem occurs\nwhen bash is run by the command, and the shell that runs the command can\nbe anything. for example, on a system where i have deliberately not\npatched bash, where sh is \"ash\" (almquist shell):\n\n\u003e $ foo=\u0027() { echo not patched; }\u0027 bash -c foo\n\u003e not patched \n\nhere\u0027s me testing it from within tcsh:\n\n\u003e % env foo=\u0027() { echo not patched; }\u0027 bash -c foo\n\u003e not patched\n\u003e % (setenv foo \u0027() { echo not patched; }\u0027; bash -c foo)\n\u003e not patched\n\nthis is a minor issue, but i\u0027ve found in matters of security bug\nreports, tests, and discussions, that any minor matter can lead to deep\nmisunderstanding. \n\nthanks again for your excellent report, and your continuing work on this\nissue. \n\nvixie\n\n. \n\nThis vulnerability allows users that have been granted access to a shell\nscript to escalate privilege and execute unrestricted commands at the same\nsecurity level as the Bash script. -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----\nHash: SHA1\n\nNote: the current version of the following document is available here:\nhttps://h20564.www2.hp.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/\ndocDisplay?docId=emr_na-c04487558\n\nSUPPORT COMMUNICATION - SECURITY BULLETIN\n\nDocument ID: c04487558\nVersion: 2\n\nHPSBST03154 rev.2 - HP StoreFabric C-series MDS switches and HP C-series\nNexus 5K switches running Bash Shell, Remote Code Execution\n\nNOTICE: The information in this Security Bulletin should be acted upon as\nsoon as possible. \n\nRelease Date: 2014-11-06\nLast Updated: 2014-12-08\n\nPotential Security Impact: Remote code execution\n\nSource: Hewlett-Packard Company, HP Software Security Response Team\n\nVULNERABILITY SUMMARY\nA potential security vulnerability has been identified with HP StoreFabric\nC-series MDS switches and HP C-series Nexus 5K switches running Bash Shell. \n\nReferences:\n\nCVE-2014-6271\nCVE-2014-6277\nCVE-2014-6278\nCVE-2014-7169\nCVE-2014-7186\nCVE-2014-7187\nCisco defect id: CSCur01099 (for MDS switches)\nCisco defect id: CSCur05017 (for Nexus switches)\nSSRT101747\n\nSUPPORTED SOFTWARE VERSIONS*: ONLY impacted versions are listed. \n\nAll HP StoreFabric C-series MDS switches\nAll HP C-series Nexus 5K switches\n\nBACKGROUND\n\nCVSS 2.0 Base Metrics\n===========================================================\n Reference Base Vector Base Score\nCVE-2014-6271 (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C) 10.0\nCVE-2014-6277 (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C) 10.0\nCVE-2014-6278 (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C) 10.0\nCVE-2014-7169 (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C) 10.0\nCVE-2014-7186 (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C) 10.0\nCVE-2014-7187 (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C) 10.0\n===========================================================\n Information on CVSS is documented\n in HP Customer Notice: HPSN-2008-002\n\nRESOLUTION\n\nHP is providing software updates as indicated below to resolve the\nvulnerability in HP StoreFabric C-series MDS switches. No other firmware\nstream updates are planned beyond the NX-OS 5.x and 6.x versions listed below\nfor the MDS products. \n\nHP has released and posted the Cisco switch software version NX-OS 6.2(9a) on\nHP Support Center (HPSC). This software versions 6.2(9a) has included the\nfixes for the vulnerability in HP StoreFabric C-series MDS switches which\ncurrently supporting NX-OS 6.X releases. \nHP has released and posted the Cisco switch software version NX-OS 5.2(8e) on\nHP Support Center (HPSC). This software version 5.2(8e) has included the fix\nfor the vulnerability in HP C-series MDS switches which currently supporting\nNX-OS 5.X releases. \nHP is continuing to actively work on software updates to resolve the\nvulnerability in HP C-series Nexus 5k switches. This bulletin will be revised\nwhen these updates become available. \n\nMITIGATION INFORMATION\n\nIf updating to a NX-OS version containing the fix is not currently possible,\nHP recommends the following steps to reduce the risk of this vulnerability:\n\nThe \"ssh\" or \"telnet\" features may be disabled by the admin user. All MDS and\nNexus 5K switches can function in this configuration. Access is available\nthrough the console port. \n\nHISTORY\nVersion:1 (rev.1) - 6 November 2014 Initial release\nVersion:2 (rev.2) - 8 December 2014 Updated with MDS releases\n\nThird Party Security Patches: Third party security patches that are to be\ninstalled on systems running HP software products should be applied in\naccordance with the customer\u0027s patch management policy. \n\nSupport: For issues about implementing the recommendations of this Security\nBulletin, contact normal HP Services support channel. For other issues about\nthe content of this Security Bulletin, send e-mail to security-alert@hp.com. \n\nReport: To report a potential security vulnerability with any HP supported\nproduct, send Email to: security-alert@hp.com\n\nSubscribe: To initiate a subscription to receive future HP Security Bulletin\nalerts via Email:\nhttp://h41183.www4.hp.com/signup_alerts.php?jumpid=hpsc_secbulletins\n\nSecurity Bulletin Archive: A list of recently released Security Bulletins is\navailable here:\nhttps://h20564.www2.hp.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/secBullArchive/\n\nSoftware Product Category: The Software Product Category is represented in\nthe title by the two characters following HPSB. \n\n3C = 3COM\n3P = 3rd Party Software\nGN = HP General Software\nHF = HP Hardware and Firmware\nMP = MPE/iX\nMU = Multi-Platform Software\nNS = NonStop Servers\nOV = OpenVMS\nPI = Printing and Imaging\nPV = ProCurve\nST = Storage Software\nTU = Tru64 UNIX\nUX = HP-UX\n\nCopyright 2014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. \nHewlett-Packard Company shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors\nor omissions contained herein. The information provided is provided \"as is\"\nwithout warranty of any kind. To the extent permitted by law, neither HP or\nits affiliates, subcontractors or suppliers will be liable for\nincidental,special or consequential damages including downtime cost; lost\nprofits; damages relating to the procurement of substitute products or\nservices; or damages for loss of data, or software restoration. The\ninformation in this document is subject to change without notice. \nHewlett-Packard Company and the names of Hewlett-Packard products referenced\nherein are trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company in the United States and\nother countries. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be\ntrademarks of their respective owners. \n\n-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----\nVersion: GnuPG v1.4.13 (GNU/Linux)\n\niEYEARECAAYFAlSGO3oACgkQ4B86/C0qfVnjRwCgyrfIdMF6zvuUIrKqaSZ+wY3W\nHGAAoIn6S0g+SNsvUrx7/PWQ59GVlis9\n=Wrjt\n-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----\n",
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Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
- Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.