{
  "document": {
    "acknowledgments": [
      {
        "organization": "CERT@VDE",
        "summary": "coordination",
        "urls": [
          "https://certvde.com"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "category": "csaf_security_advisory",
    "csaf_version": "2.0",
    "distribution": {
      "tlp": {
        "label": "WHITE",
        "url": "https://www.first.org/tlp/"
      }
    },
    "lang": "en-GB",
    "notes": [
      {
        "category": "summary",
        "text": "Authentication is not configured by default for the Node-RED server on the Pilz industrial PC IndustrialPI. An unauthenticated remote attacker has full access to the Node-RED server and can run arbitrary operating system commands on the underlying operating system with privileged rights.",
        "title": "Summary"
      },
      {
        "category": "description",
        "text": "The attacker can not only view but create and alter flows in Node-RED. Flows can contain code blocks where commands are executed on the IndustrialPI itself. An attacker can use these code blocks to run any command as a privileged user on the IndustrialPI.",
        "title": "Impact"
      },
      {
        "category": "description",
        "text": "Consult our PDF with remediations which you can find under [https://www.pilz.com/search#currentPage=1\u0026SEARCH=Security%20Advis.%20IndustrialPI%20Remediat.](https://www.pilz.com/search#currentPage=1\u0026SEARCH=Security%20Advis.%20IndustrialPI%20Remediat.). In order to activate the authentication as described in the PDF, you have to have the Node-RED service enabled via the web application.",
        "title": "Remediation"
      },
      {
        "category": "description",
        "text": "Limit network access to the IndustrialPI by using a firewall or similar measures.",
        "title": "Mitigation"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": {
      "category": "vendor",
      "contact_details": "security@pilz.com",
      "name": "Pilz GmbH \u0026 Co. KG",
      "namespace": "https://www.pilz.com"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "For further security-related issues in Pilz products please contact the Pilz Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT)",
        "url": "https://www.pilz.com/security"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "CERT@VDE Security Advisories for Pilz GmbH \u0026 Co. KG",
        "url": "https://certvde.com/en/advisories/vendor/pilz/"
      },
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "PPSA-2025-002: Pilz: Missing Authentication in Node-RED integration - HTML",
        "url": "https://certvde.com/en/advisories/PPSA-2025-002/"
      },
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "PPSA-2025-002: Pilz: Missing Authentication in Node-RED integration - CSAF",
        "url": "https://pilz.csaf-tp.certvde.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2025/ppsa-2025-002.json"
      }
    ],
    "title": "Pilz: Missing Authentication in Node-RED integration",
    "tracking": {
      "aliases": [
        "VDE-2025-045",
        "PPSA-2025-002"
      ],
      "current_release_date": "2025-07-01T10:00:00.000Z",
      "generator": {
        "date": "2025-06-26T09:07:18.730Z",
        "engine": {
          "name": "Secvisogram",
          "version": "2.5.26"
        }
      },
      "id": "PPSA-2025-002",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-07-01T10:00:00.000Z",
      "revision_history": [
        {
          "date": "2025-07-01T10:00:00.000Z",
          "number": "1.0.0",
          "summary": "Initial Version"
        }
      ],
      "status": "final",
      "version": "1.0.0"
    }
  },
  "product_tree": {
    "branches": [
      {
        "branches": [
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_name",
                "name": "IndustrialPI 4",
                "product": {
                  "name": "IndustrialPI 4",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-11000",
                  "product_identification_helper": {
                    "model_numbers": [
                      "A1000002",
                      "A1000003"
                    ]
                  }
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_family",
            "name": "Hardware"
          },
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "branches": [
                  {
                    "category": "product_version_range",
                    "name": "\u003c=2024-08",
                    "product": {
                      "name": "Firmware Bullseye \u003c=2024-08",
                      "product_id": "CSAFPID-21000"
                    }
                  }
                ],
                "category": "product_name",
                "name": "Bullseye"
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_family",
            "name": "Firmware"
          }
        ],
        "category": "vendor",
        "name": "Pilz"
      }
    ],
    "relationships": [
      {
        "category": "installed_on",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "Firmware Bullseye \u003c=2024-08 installed on IndustrialPI 4",
          "product_id": "CSAFPID-31000"
        },
        "product_reference": "CSAFPID-21000",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "CSAFPID-11000"
      }
    ]
  },
  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-41656",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-306",
        "name": "Missing Authentication for Critical Function"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "An unauthenticated remote attacker can run arbitrary commands on the affected devices with high privileges because the authentication for the Node_RED server is not configured by default. \n",
          "title": "Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-31000"
        ]
      },
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Consult our PDF with remediations which you can find under [www.pilz.com/downloads](https://www.pilz.com/search#currentPage=1\u0026SEARCH=Security%20Advis.%20IndustrialPI%20Remediat.). In order to activate the authentication as described in the PDF, you have to have the Node-RED service enabled via the web application.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-31000"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Limit network access to the IndustrialPI by using a firewall or similar measures.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-31000"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 10,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "environmentalScore": 10,
            "environmentalSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "temporalScore": 10,
            "temporalSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-31000"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "CVE-2025-41656"
    }
  ]
}