icsma-25-294-01
Vulnerability from csaf_cisa
Published
2025-10-21 06:00
Modified
2025-10-21 06:00
Summary
Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinKNOW

Notes

Legal Notice and Terms of Use
This product is provided subject to this Notification (https://www.cisa.gov/notification) and this Privacy & Use policy (https://www.cisa.gov/privacy-policy).
Risk evaluation
Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to disrupt sequencing operations and processes, exfiltrate and manipulate data, and bypass authentication controls.
Critical infrastructure sectors
Healthcare and Public Health
Countries/areas deployed
Worldwide
Company headquarters location
United Kingdom
Recommended Practices
CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:
Recommended Practices
Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
Recommended Practices
Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
Recommended Practices
When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.
Recommended Practices
CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
Recommended Practices
CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
Recommended Practices
CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.
Recommended Practices
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.
Recommended Practices
Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.
Recommended Practices
CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:
Recommended Practices
Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
Recommended Practices
Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
Recommended Practices
Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.
Recommended Practices
No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.


To clipboard 

{
  "document": {
    "acknowledgments": [
      {
        "names": [
          "Sara Rampazzi",
          "Christina Boucher",
          "Carson Stillman",
          "Jonathan E. Bravo"
        ],
        "organization": "the University of Florida",
        "summary": "reporting these vulnerabilities to Oxford Nanopore Technologies"
      }
    ],
    "category": "csaf_security_advisory",
    "csaf_version": "2.0",
    "distribution": {
      "text": "Disclosure is not limited",
      "tlp": {
        "label": "WHITE",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/traffic-light-protocol-tlp-definitions-and-usage"
      }
    },
    "lang": "en-US",
    "notes": [
      {
        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "This product is provided subject to this Notification (https://www.cisa.gov/notification) and this Privacy \u0026 Use policy (https://www.cisa.gov/privacy-policy).",
        "title": "Legal Notice and Terms of Use"
      },
      {
        "category": "summary",
        "text": "Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to disrupt sequencing operations and processes, exfiltrate and manipulate data, and bypass authentication controls.",
        "title": "Risk evaluation"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Healthcare and Public Health",
        "title": "Critical infrastructure sectors"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Worldwide",
        "title": "Countries/areas deployed"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "United Kingdom",
        "title": "Company headquarters location"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": {
      "category": "coordinator",
      "contact_details": "central@cisa.dhs.gov",
      "name": "CISA",
      "namespace": "https://www.cisa.gov/"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "ICS Advisory ICSMA-25-294-01 JSON",
        "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2025/icsma-25-294-01.json"
      },
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "ICSA Advisory ICSMA-25-294-01 - Web Version",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-medical-advisories/icsma-25-294-01"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/alerts/ICS-ALERT-10-301-01"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Cybersecurity_Best_Practices_for_Industrial_Control_Systems.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/topics/industrial-control-systems"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/sites/default/files/publications/emailscams0905.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/tips/ST04-014"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-alerts/ics-alert-10-301-01"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/targeted-cyber-intrusion-detection-and-mitigation-strategies-update-b"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/secure-our-world/teach-employees-avoid-phishing"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/avoiding-social-engineering-and-phishing-attacks"
      }
    ],
    "title": "Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinKNOW",
    "tracking": {
      "current_release_date": "2025-10-21T06:00:00.000000Z",
      "generator": {
        "date": "2025-10-21T17:56:17.010154Z",
        "engine": {
          "name": "CISA CSAF Generator",
          "version": "1.0.0"
        }
      },
      "id": "ICSMA-25-294-01",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-10-21T06:00:00.000000Z",
      "revision_history": [
        {
          "date": "2025-10-21T06:00:00.000000Z",
          "legacy_version": "Initial",
          "number": "1",
          "summary": "Initial Publication"
        }
      ],
      "status": "final",
      "version": "1"
    }
  },
  "product_tree": {
    "branches": [
      {
        "branches": [
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version_range",
                "name": "\u003c24.06",
                "product": {
                  "name": "Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinKNOW: \u003c24.06",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-0001"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "MinKNOW"
          },
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version_range",
                "name": "\u003c24.11",
                "product": {
                  "name": "Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinKNOW: \u003c24.11",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-0002"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "MinKNOW"
          }
        ],
        "category": "vendor",
        "name": "Oxford Nanopore Technologies"
      }
    ]
  },
  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2024-35585",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-306",
        "name": "Missing Authentication for Critical Function"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "A vulnerability exists in which remote access is enabled by default, and authentication relies on the IP address of the host computer. Unauthorized users on the same network can discover the IP address (e.g., via port scanning) and gain access to the sequencer by registering a legitimate or temporary Oxford Nanopore account. Once connected through the MinKNOW application, attackers can observe sequencing activity, pause or stop data collection, and redirect output data to an alternate location.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-0001"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.cve.org",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-35585"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/R:U"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Oxford Nanopore Technologies recommends users upgrade to MinKNOW Versions later than 24.11 to eliminate these vulnerabilities.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ],
          "url": "https://nanoporetech.com/software/"
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "If users are unable to upgrade to v24.11 to reduce risk from the remaining Authentication Token and Token Lock vulnerabilities, Oxford Nanopore advises the following additional measures for users on version 24.06:",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Remote Connect: Keep Remote Connect disabled in MinKNOW unless strictly required, and enable it only within trusted network environments.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Endpoint Protection: Install and maintain antivirus and malware scanning tools to mitigate denial-of-service (DoS) conditions arising from local exploitation or malware.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Users running older versions of MinKNOW who cannot upgrade immediately should contact Oxford Nanopore Support for guidance on securing their configurations. Downloading the release requires users to be logged into the Nanopore Community.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ],
          "url": "https://nanoporetech.com/about/contact"
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 8.6,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-54808",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-522",
        "name": "Insufficiently Protected Credentials"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Oxford Nanopore Technologies\u0027 MinKNOW software at or prior to version 24.11 stores authentication tokens in a file located in the system\u0027s temporary directory (/tmp) on the host machine. This directory is typically world-readable, allowing any local user or application to access the token. If the token is leaked (e.g., via malware infection or other local exploit), and remote access is enabled, it can be used to establish unauthorized remote connections to the sequencer. Remote access must be enabled for remote exploitation to succeed. This may occur either because the user has enabled remote access for legitimate operational reasons or because malware with elevated privileges (e.g., sudo access) enables it without user consent. This vulnerability can be chained with remote access capabilities to generate a developer token from a remote device. Developer tokens can be created with arbitrary expiration dates, enabling persistent access to the sequencer and bypassing standard authentication mechanisms.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-0002"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.cve.org",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-54808"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/R:U"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Oxford Nanopore Technologies recommends users upgrade to MinKNOW Versions later than 24.11 to eliminate these vulnerabilities.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0002"
          ],
          "url": "https://nanoporetech.com/software/"
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "If users are unable to upgrade to v24.11 to reduce risk from the remaining Authentication Token and Token Lock vulnerabilities, Oxford Nanopore advises the following additional measures for users on version 24.06:",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0002"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Remote Connect: Keep Remote Connect disabled in MinKNOW unless strictly required, and enable it only within trusted network environments.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0002"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Endpoint Protection: Install and maintain antivirus and malware scanning tools to mitigate denial-of-service (DoS) conditions arising from local exploitation or malware.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0002"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Users running older versions of MinKNOW who cannot upgrade immediately should contact Oxford Nanopore Support for guidance on securing their configurations. Downloading the release requires users to be logged into the Nanopore Community.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0002"
          ],
          "url": "https://nanoporetech.com/about/contact"
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0002"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-10937",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-754",
        "name": "Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Oxford Nanopore Technologies\u0027 MinKNOW software at or prior to version 24.11 creates a temporary file to store the local authentication token during startup, before copying it to its final location. This temporary file is created in a directory accessible to all users on the system. An unauthorized local user or process can exploit this behavior by placing a file lock on the temporary token file using the flock system call. This prevents MinKNOW from completing the token generation process. As a result, no valid local token is created, and the software is unable to execute commands on the sequencer. This leads to a denial-of-service (DoS) condition, blocking sequencing operations.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-0002"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.cve.org",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-10937"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/R:U"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Oxford Nanopore Technologies recommends users upgrade to MinKNOW Versions later than 24.11 to eliminate these vulnerabilities.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0002"
          ],
          "url": "https://nanoporetech.com/software/"
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "If users are unable to upgrade to v24.11 to reduce risk from the remaining Authentication Token and Token Lock vulnerabilities, Oxford Nanopore advises the following additional measures for users on version 24.06:",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0002"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Remote Connect: Keep Remote Connect disabled in MinKNOW unless strictly required, and enable it only within trusted network environments.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0002"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Endpoint Protection: Install and maintain antivirus and malware scanning tools to mitigate denial-of-service (DoS) conditions arising from local exploitation or malware.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0002"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Users running older versions of MinKNOW who cannot upgrade immediately should contact Oxford Nanopore Support for guidance on securing their configurations. Downloading the release requires users to be logged into the Nanopore Community.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0002"
          ],
          "url": "https://nanoporetech.com/about/contact"
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 5.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0002"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.