gsd-2006-3626
Vulnerability from gsd
Modified
2023-12-13 01:19
Details
Race condition in Linux kernel 2.6.17.4 and earlier allows local users to gain root privileges by using prctl with PR_SET_DUMPABLE in a way that causes /proc/self/environ to become setuid root.
Aliases
Aliases



{
  "GSD": {
    "alias": "CVE-2006-3626",
    "description": "Race condition in Linux kernel 2.6.17.4 and earlier allows local users to gain root privileges by using prctl with PR_SET_DUMPABLE in a way that causes /proc/self/environ to become setuid root.",
    "id": "GSD-2006-3626",
    "references": [
      "https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2006-3626.html",
      "https://www.debian.org/security/2006/dsa-1111",
      "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2006:0617",
      "https://linux.oracle.com/cve/CVE-2006-3626.html"
    ]
  },
  "gsd": {
    "metadata": {
      "exploitCode": "unknown",
      "remediation": "unknown",
      "reportConfidence": "confirmed",
      "type": "vulnerability"
    },
    "osvSchema": {
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2006-3626"
      ],
      "details": "Race condition in Linux kernel 2.6.17.4 and earlier allows local users to gain root privileges by using prctl with PR_SET_DUMPABLE in a way that causes /proc/self/environ to become setuid root.",
      "id": "GSD-2006-3626",
      "modified": "2023-12-13T01:19:57.825583Z",
      "schema_version": "1.4.0"
    }
  },
  "namespaces": {
    "cve.org": {
      "CVE_data_meta": {
        "ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org",
        "ID": "CVE-2006-3626",
        "STATE": "PUBLIC"
      },
      "affects": {
        "vendor": {
          "vendor_data": [
            {
              "product": {
                "product_data": [
                  {
                    "product_name": "n/a",
                    "version": {
                      "version_data": [
                        {
                          "version_value": "n/a"
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  }
                ]
              },
              "vendor_name": "n/a"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "data_format": "MITRE",
      "data_type": "CVE",
      "data_version": "4.0",
      "description": {
        "description_data": [
          {
            "lang": "eng",
            "value": "Race condition in Linux kernel 2.6.17.4 and earlier allows local users to gain root privileges by using prctl with PR_SET_DUMPABLE in a way that causes /proc/self/environ to become setuid root."
          }
        ]
      },
      "problemtype": {
        "problemtype_data": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "eng",
                "value": "n/a"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "references": {
        "reference_data": [
          {
            "name": "linux-proc-race-condition(27790)",
            "refsource": "XF",
            "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/27790"
          },
          {
            "name": "ADV-2006-2816",
            "refsource": "VUPEN",
            "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/2816"
          },
          {
            "name": "SUSE-SR:2006:017",
            "refsource": "SUSE",
            "url": "http://www.novell.com/linux/security/advisories/2006_17_sr.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "SUSE-SA:2006:042",
            "refsource": "SUSE",
            "url": "http://www.novell.com/linux/security/advisories/2006_42_kernel.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "21123",
            "refsource": "SECUNIA",
            "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21123"
          },
          {
            "name": "RHSA-2006:0617",
            "refsource": "REDHAT",
            "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2006-0617.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "21057",
            "refsource": "SECUNIA",
            "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21057"
          },
          {
            "name": "oval:org.mitre.oval:def:10060",
            "refsource": "OVAL",
            "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A10060"
          },
          {
            "name": "21605",
            "refsource": "SECUNIA",
            "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21605"
          },
          {
            "name": "SUSE-SA:2006:047",
            "refsource": "SUSE",
            "url": "http://www.novell.com/linux/security/advisories/2006_47_kernel.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "21073",
            "refsource": "SECUNIA",
            "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21073"
          },
          {
            "name": "http://kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/ChangeLog-2.6.17.5",
            "refsource": "CONFIRM",
            "url": "http://kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/ChangeLog-2.6.17.5"
          },
          {
            "name": "http://www.kernel.org/git/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=blobdiff;h=0cb8f20d000c25118947fcafa81606300ced35f8;hp=243a94af0427b2630fb85f489a5419410dac3bfc;hb=18b0bbd8ca6d3cb90425aa0d77b99a762c6d6de3;f=fs/proc/base.c",
            "refsource": "CONFIRM",
            "url": "http://www.kernel.org/git/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=blobdiff;h=0cb8f20d000c25118947fcafa81606300ced35f8;hp=243a94af0427b2630fb85f489a5419410dac3bfc;hb=18b0bbd8ca6d3cb90425aa0d77b99a762c6d6de3;f=fs/proc/base.c"
          },
          {
            "name": "22174",
            "refsource": "SECUNIA",
            "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/22174"
          },
          {
            "name": "27120",
            "refsource": "OSVDB",
            "url": "http://www.osvdb.org/27120"
          },
          {
            "name": "MDKSA-2006:124",
            "refsource": "MANDRIVA",
            "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDKSA-2006:124"
          },
          {
            "name": "20060714 Linux kernel 0day - dynamite inside, don\u0027t burn your fingers",
            "refsource": "FULLDISC",
            "url": "http://lists.grok.org.uk/pipermail/full-disclosure/2006-July/047907.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "USN-319-1",
            "refsource": "UBUNTU",
            "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/319-1/"
          },
          {
            "name": "DSA-1111",
            "refsource": "DEBIAN",
            "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2006/dsa-1111"
          },
          {
            "name": "21498",
            "refsource": "SECUNIA",
            "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21498"
          },
          {
            "name": "http://support.avaya.com/elmodocs2/security/ASA-2006-203.htm",
            "refsource": "CONFIRM",
            "url": "http://support.avaya.com/elmodocs2/security/ASA-2006-203.htm"
          },
          {
            "name": "21041",
            "refsource": "SECUNIA",
            "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21041"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=198973",
            "refsource": "CONFIRM",
            "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=198973"
          },
          {
            "name": "18992",
            "refsource": "BID",
            "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/18992"
          },
          {
            "name": "USN-319-2",
            "refsource": "UBUNTU",
            "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-319-2"
          },
          {
            "name": "21119",
            "refsource": "SECUNIA",
            "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21119"
          },
          {
            "name": "SUSE-SA:2006:049",
            "refsource": "SUSE",
            "url": "http://www.novell.com/linux/security/advisories/2006_49_kernel.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "20060717 rPSA-2006-0130-1 kernel",
            "refsource": "BUGTRAQ",
            "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/440300/100/0/threaded"
          },
          {
            "name": "21179",
            "refsource": "SECUNIA",
            "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21179"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "nvd.nist.gov": {
      "configurations": {
        "CVE_data_version": "4.0",
        "nodes": [
          {
            "children": [],
            "cpe_match": [
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.22:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.23:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.20:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.21:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.17:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.17:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.17.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.17.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.17:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.17:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.17:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.17:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.24:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.16:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.17.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.17.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              }
            ],
            "operator": "OR"
          }
        ]
      },
      "cve": {
        "CVE_data_meta": {
          "ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org",
          "ID": "CVE-2006-3626"
        },
        "data_format": "MITRE",
        "data_type": "CVE",
        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
          "description_data": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "Race condition in Linux kernel 2.6.17.4 and earlier allows local users to gain root privileges by using prctl with PR_SET_DUMPABLE in a way that causes /proc/self/environ to become setuid root."
            }
          ]
        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "NVD-CWE-Other"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "20060714 Linux kernel 0day - dynamite inside, don\u0027t burn your fingers",
              "refsource": "FULLDISC",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://lists.grok.org.uk/pipermail/full-disclosure/2006-July/047907.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "http://kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/ChangeLog-2.6.17.5",
              "refsource": "CONFIRM",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/ChangeLog-2.6.17.5"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=198973",
              "refsource": "CONFIRM",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=198973"
            },
            {
              "name": "USN-319-2",
              "refsource": "UBUNTU",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-319-2"
            },
            {
              "name": "18992",
              "refsource": "BID",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/18992"
            },
            {
              "name": "21041",
              "refsource": "SECUNIA",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21041"
            },
            {
              "name": "21073",
              "refsource": "SECUNIA",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21073"
            },
            {
              "name": "21119",
              "refsource": "SECUNIA",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21119"
            },
            {
              "name": "http://www.kernel.org/git/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=blobdiff;h=0cb8f20d000c25118947fcafa81606300ced35f8;hp=243a94af0427b2630fb85f489a5419410dac3bfc;hb=18b0bbd8ca6d3cb90425aa0d77b99a762c6d6de3;f=fs/proc/base.c",
              "refsource": "CONFIRM",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.kernel.org/git/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=blobdiff;h=0cb8f20d000c25118947fcafa81606300ced35f8;hp=243a94af0427b2630fb85f489a5419410dac3bfc;hb=18b0bbd8ca6d3cb90425aa0d77b99a762c6d6de3;f=fs/proc/base.c"
            },
            {
              "name": "DSA-1111",
              "refsource": "DEBIAN",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2006/dsa-1111"
            },
            {
              "name": "SUSE-SR:2006:017",
              "refsource": "SUSE",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.novell.com/linux/security/advisories/2006_17_sr.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "21123",
              "refsource": "SECUNIA",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21123"
            },
            {
              "name": "SUSE-SA:2006:042",
              "refsource": "SUSE",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.novell.com/linux/security/advisories/2006_42_kernel.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "21179",
              "refsource": "SECUNIA",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21179"
            },
            {
              "name": "21057",
              "refsource": "SECUNIA",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21057"
            },
            {
              "name": "SUSE-SA:2006:047",
              "refsource": "SUSE",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.novell.com/linux/security/advisories/2006_47_kernel.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "SUSE-SA:2006:049",
              "refsource": "SUSE",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.novell.com/linux/security/advisories/2006_49_kernel.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "RHSA-2006:0617",
              "refsource": "REDHAT",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2006-0617.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "21605",
              "refsource": "SECUNIA",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21605"
            },
            {
              "name": "http://support.avaya.com/elmodocs2/security/ASA-2006-203.htm",
              "refsource": "CONFIRM",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://support.avaya.com/elmodocs2/security/ASA-2006-203.htm"
            },
            {
              "name": "22174",
              "refsource": "SECUNIA",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/22174"
            },
            {
              "name": "27120",
              "refsource": "OSVDB",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.osvdb.org/27120"
            },
            {
              "name": "21498",
              "refsource": "SECUNIA",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/21498"
            },
            {
              "name": "MDKSA-2006:124",
              "refsource": "MANDRIVA",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDKSA-2006:124"
            },
            {
              "name": "ADV-2006-2816",
              "refsource": "VUPEN",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/2816"
            },
            {
              "name": "linux-proc-race-condition(27790)",
              "refsource": "XF",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/27790"
            },
            {
              "name": "oval:org.mitre.oval:def:10060",
              "refsource": "OVAL",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A10060"
            },
            {
              "name": "USN-319-1",
              "refsource": "UBUNTU",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/319-1/"
            },
            {
              "name": "20060717 rPSA-2006-0130-1 kernel",
              "refsource": "BUGTRAQ",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/440300/100/0/threaded"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "impact": {
        "baseMetricV2": {
          "cvssV2": {
            "accessComplexity": "HIGH",
            "accessVector": "LOCAL",
            "authentication": "NONE",
            "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE",
            "baseScore": 6.2,
            "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE",
            "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE",
            "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:H/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C",
            "version": "2.0"
          },
          "exploitabilityScore": 1.9,
          "impactScore": 10.0,
          "obtainAllPrivilege": true,
          "obtainOtherPrivilege": false,
          "obtainUserPrivilege": false,
          "severity": "MEDIUM",
          "userInteractionRequired": false
        }
      },
      "lastModifiedDate": "2018-10-18T16:48Z",
      "publishedDate": "2006-07-18T15:46Z"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.


Loading…

Loading…

Loading…

Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.