Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-M2CM-222F-QW44

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-25 18:20 – Updated: 2026-02-25 18:20

Summary

mchange-commons-java: Remote Code Execution via JNDI Reference Resolution

Details

Impact

mchange-commons-java includes code that mirrors early implementations of JNDI functionality, including support for remote factoryClassLocation values, by which code can be downloaded and invoked within a running application. If an attacker can provoke an application to read a maliciously crafted jaxax.naming.Reference or serialized object, they can provoke the download and execution of malicious code.

Implementations of this functionality within the JDK were disabled by default behind a System property that defaults to false, com.sun.jndi.ldap.object.trustURLCodebase. However, since mchange-commons-java includes an independent implementation of JNDI derefencing, libraries (such as c3p0) that resolve references via that implementation could be provoked to download and execute malicious code even after the JDK was hardened.

Patches

Mirroring the JDK patch, mchange-commons-java's JNDI functionality is now gated by configuration parameters that default to restrictive values. Those parameters are documented here.

Workarounds

No. Users should upgrade to mchange-commons-java >= 0.4.0. Earlier versions should be avoided on application CLASSPATHs.

References

c3p0, you little rascal — Hans-Martin Münch c3p0 documentation, security note c3p0 documentation, configuring security

Severity ?

8.9 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

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JSON

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.mchange:mchange-commons-java"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.4.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-27727"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-25T18:20:05Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nmchange-commons-java includes code that mirrors early implementations of JNDI functionality, including support for remote `factoryClassLocation` values, by which code can be downloaded and invoked within a running application. If an attacker can provoke an application to read a maliciously crafted `jaxax.naming.Reference` or serialized object, they can provoke the download and execution of malicious code.\n\nImplementations of this functionality within the JDK were disabled by default behind a System property that defaults to `false`, `com.sun.jndi.ldap.object.trustURLCodebase`. However, since mchange-commons-java includes an independent implementation of JNDI derefencing, libraries (such as c3p0) that resolve references via that implementation could be provoked to download and execute malicious code even after the JDK was hardened.\n\n### Patches\nMirroring the JDK patch, mchange-commons-java\u0027s JNDI functionality is now gated by configuration parameters that default to restrictive values. Those parameters are documented [here](https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#configuring_security).\n\n### Workarounds\nNo. Users should upgrade to mchange-commons-java \u003e= 0.4.0. Earlier versions should be avoided on application CLASSPATHs.\n\n### References\n\n[c3p0, you little rascal \u0026mdash; Hans-Martin M\u00fcnch](https://mogwailabs.de/en/blog/2025/02/c3p0-you-little-rascal/)\n[c3p0 documentation, security note](https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#security-note)\n[c3p0 documentation, configuring security](https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#configuring_security)",
  "id": "GHSA-m2cm-222f-qw44",
  "modified": "2026-02-25T18:20:05Z",
  "published": "2026-02-25T18:20:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/swaldman/mchange-commons-java/security/advisories/GHSA-m2cm-222f-qw44"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/swaldman/mchange-commons-java"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mogwailabs.de/en/blog/2025/02/c3p0-you-little-rascal"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#configuring_security"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#security-note"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "mchange-commons-java: Remote Code Execution via JNDI Reference Resolution"
}

CVE-2026-27727 (GCVE-0-2026-27727)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-25 16:01 – Updated: 2026-02-25 20:15

Title

mchange-commons-java: Remote Code Execution via JNDI Reference Resolution

Summary

mchange-commons-java, a library that provides Java utilities, includes code that mirrors early implementations of JNDI functionality, including support for remote `factoryClassLocation` values, by which code can be downloaded and invoked within a running application. If an attacker can provoke an application to read a maliciously crafted `jaxax.naming.Reference` or serialized object, they can provoke the download and execution of malicious code. Implementations of this functionality within the JDK were disabled by default behind a System property that defaults to `false`, `com.sun.jndi.ldap.object.trustURLCodebase`. However, since mchange-commons-java includes an independent implementation of JNDI derefencing, libraries (such as c3p0) that resolve references via that implementation could be provoked to download and execute malicious code even after the JDK was hardened. Mirroring the JDK patch, mchange-commons-java's JNDI functionality is gated by configuration parameters that default to restrictive values starting in version 0.4.0. No known workarounds are available. Versions prior to 0.4.0 should be avoided on application CLASSPATHs.

Severity ?

8.9 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

CWE

CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

URL

Tags

	https://github.com/swaldman/mchange-commons-java/…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
	https://mogwailabs.de/en/blog/2025/02/c3p0-you-li…	x_refsource_MISC
	https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#configurin…	x_refsource_MISC
	https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#security-note	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	swaldman	mchange-commons-java	Affected: < 0.4.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-27727",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-02-25T20:13:53.240165Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-02-25T20:15:05.299Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "mchange-commons-java",
          "vendor": "swaldman",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 0.4.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "mchange-commons-java, a library that provides Java utilities, includes code that mirrors early implementations of JNDI functionality, including support for remote `factoryClassLocation` values, by which code can be downloaded and invoked within a running application. If an attacker can provoke an application to read a maliciously crafted `jaxax.naming.Reference` or serialized object, they can provoke the download and execution of malicious code. Implementations of this functionality within the JDK were disabled by default behind a System property that defaults to `false`, `com.sun.jndi.ldap.object.trustURLCodebase`. However, since mchange-commons-java includes an independent implementation of JNDI derefencing, libraries (such as c3p0) that resolve references via that implementation could be provoked to download and execute malicious code even after the JDK was hardened. Mirroring the JDK patch, mchange-commons-java\u0027s JNDI functionality is gated by configuration parameters that default to restrictive values starting in version 0.4.0. No known workarounds are available. Versions prior to 0.4.0 should be avoided on application CLASSPATHs."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 8.9,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-74",
              "description": "CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component (\u0027Injection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-02-25T16:01:04.187Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/swaldman/mchange-commons-java/security/advisories/GHSA-m2cm-222f-qw44",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/swaldman/mchange-commons-java/security/advisories/GHSA-m2cm-222f-qw44"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://mogwailabs.de/en/blog/2025/02/c3p0-you-little-rascal",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://mogwailabs.de/en/blog/2025/02/c3p0-you-little-rascal"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#configuring_security",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#configuring_security"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#security-note",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/#security-note"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-m2cm-222f-qw44",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "mchange-commons-java: Remote Code Execution via JNDI Reference Resolution"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-27727",
    "datePublished": "2026-02-25T16:01:04.187Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-02-23T18:37:14.789Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-02-25T20:15:05.299Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

GHSA-M2CM-222F-QW44

Impact

Patches

Workarounds

References

CVE-2026-27727 (GCVE-0-2026-27727)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature