{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "GitHub Actions",
        "name": "step-security/harden-runner"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.14.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-25598"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-221",
      "CWE-778",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-09T17:19:14Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-09T20:15:58Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary \n\nA security vulnerability has been identified in the Harden-Runner GitHub Action (Community Tier) that allows outbound network connections to evade audit logging. Specifically, outbound traffic using the `sendto`, `sendmsg`, and `sendmmsg` socket system calls can bypass detection and logging when using `egress-policy: audit`. \n\n**Note:** This vulnerability only affects audit mode. When using `egress-policy: block`, these connections are properly blocked. It requires the attacker to already have code execution capabilities within the GitHub Actions workflow (e.g., through workflow injection or compromised dependencies)\n\n## Affected Versions \n\n- Harden-Runner Community Tier: All versions prior to v2.14.2 \n- Harden-Runner Enterprise Tier: **NOT AFFECTED** \n\n## Severity \n\n**Medium** - This vulnerability affects audit logging capabilities but requires the attacker to already have code execution within the workflow. \n\n## Impact \n\nWhen Harden-Runner is configured in audit mode (`egress-policy: audit`), attackers with the ability to execute arbitrary code in a workflow can: \n- Send outbound network traffic without generating audit logs \n- Bypass network monitoring for UDP-based communications \n\n**Important:** This vulnerability requires the attacker to already have code execution capabilities within the GitHub Actions workflow (e.g., through workflow injection or compromised dependencies). \n\n## Technical Details \n\nThe vulnerability stems from incomplete monitoring coverage of certain socket-related system calls. Specifically, the following system calls can be used to send UDP traffic without triggering audit events: \n\n- `sendto()` \n\n- `sendmsg()` \n\n- `sendmmsg()` \n\nAn attacker with code execution in a workflow can compile and execute native code that uses these system calls to establish covert communication channels. \n\n## Affected Users \n\n**This vulnerability ONLY affects users of the Harden-Runner Community Tier.** \n\nThe Harden-Runner Enterprise Tier is **NOT vulnerable** to this bypass technique. \n\n## Remediation \n\n### For Community Tier Users \n \n**Upgrade to Harden-Runner v2.14.2 or later.** This version includes fixes for the logging bypass vulnerability. \n\n### For Enterprise Tier Users \n\nNo action required. Enterprise tier customers are not affected by this vulnerability. \n\n## Credit \n\nWe would like to thank [Devansh Batham](https://github.com/devanshbatham) for responsibly disclosing this vulnerability through our security reporting process. Devansh was communicative throughout the process and verified the fix before the fix before it was made public.",
  "id": "GHSA-cpmj-h4f6-r6pq",
  "modified": "2026-02-09T22:39:28Z",
  "published": "2026-02-09T17:19:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/step-security/harden-runner/security/advisories/GHSA-cpmj-h4f6-r6pq"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25598"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/step-security/harden-runner/commit/5ef0c079ce82195b2a36a210272d6b661572d83e"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/step-security/harden-runner"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/step-security/harden-runner/releases/tag/v2.14.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Harden-Runner: Bypassing Logging of Outbound Connections Using sendto, sendmsg, and sendmmsg in Harden-Runner (Community Tier)"
}