fkie_nvd - fkie_cve-2025-9905

fkie_cve-2025-9905

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd

Published

2025-09-19 09:15

Modified

2025-09-23 16:53

Severity ?

7.3 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

The Keras Model.load_model method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True. One can create a specially crafted .h5/.hdf5 model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed. This is achieved by crafting a special .h5 archive file that uses the Lambda layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the safe_mode=True option is not honored when reading .h5 archives. Note that the .h5/.hdf5 format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility.

References

▼	URL	Tags
	cve-coordination@google.com	https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602	Issue Tracking, Patch
	cve-coordination@google.com	https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv	Exploit, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	keras	keras	*

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:keras:keras:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "315FD6FA-C1F3-47FD-AE5D-DF4D556D657F",
              "versionEndExcluding": "3.11.3",
              "versionStartIncluding": "3.0.0",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "The Keras Model.load_model\u00a0method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True.\n\nOne can create a specially crafted .h5/.hdf5\u00a0model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed.\n\nThis is achieved by crafting a special .h5\u00a0archive file that uses the Lambda\u00a0layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the safe_mode=True\u00a0option is not honored when reading .h5\u00a0archives.\n\nNote that the .h5/.hdf5\u00a0format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-9905",
  "lastModified": "2025-09-23T16:53:40.050",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.3,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.3,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 7.3,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "cve-coordination@google.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-09-19T09:15:36.033",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "cve-coordination@google.com",
      "tags": [
        "Issue Tracking",
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602"
    },
    {
      "source": "cve-coordination@google.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "cve-coordination@google.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-913"
        }
      ],
      "source": "cve-coordination@google.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2025-9905 (GCVE-0-2025-9905)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5

Published

2025-09-19 08:16

Modified

2025-09-20 03:55

Severity ?

7.3 (High) - CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

CWE

CWE-913 - Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources

Summary

References

▼	URL	Tags
	https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602	patch
	https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	Keras-team	Keras	Version: 3.0.0 ≤ 3.11.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-9905",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-09-19T00:00:00+00:00",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-09-20T03:55:40.926Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/keras-team/keras",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "keras",
          "product": "Keras",
          "repo": "https://github.com/keras-team/keras",
          "vendor": "Keras-team",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "3.11.2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Gabriele Digregorio"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe Keras \u003ccode\u003eModel.load_model\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with \u003ccode\u003esafe_mode=True\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne can create a specially crafted \u003ccode\u003e.h5\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003e.hdf5\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;model archive that, when loaded via \u003ccode\u003eModel.load_model\u003c/code\u003e, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis is achieved by crafting a special \u003ccode\u003e.h5\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;archive file that uses the \u003ccode\u003eLambda\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the \u003ccode\u003esafe_mode=True\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;option is not honored when reading \u003ccode\u003e.h5\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;archives.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNote that the \u003ccode\u003e.h5\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003e.hdf5\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The Keras Model.load_model\u00a0method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True.\n\nOne can create a specially crafted .h5/.hdf5\u00a0model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed.\n\nThis is achieved by crafting a special .h5\u00a0archive file that uses the Lambda\u00a0layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the safe_mode=True\u00a0option is not honored when reading .h5\u00a0archives.\n\nNote that the .h5/.hdf5\u00a0format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-175",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-175 Code Inclusion"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "baseScore": 7.3,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-913",
              "description": "CWE-913 Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-09-19T08:16:44.772Z",
        "orgId": "14ed7db2-1595-443d-9d34-6215bf890778",
        "shortName": "Google"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Arbitary Code execution in Keras load_model()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "14ed7db2-1595-443d-9d34-6215bf890778",
    "assignerShortName": "Google",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-9905",
    "datePublished": "2025-09-19T08:16:44.772Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-09-03T07:27:18.212Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-09-20T03:55:40.926Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.

Action not permitted