Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-39827

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-09-16 13:16 - Updated: 2026-07-30 06:23

Severity

8.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: rose: include node references in rose_neigh refcount Current implementation maintains two separate reference counting mechanisms: the 'count' field in struct rose_neigh tracks references from rose_node structures, while the 'use' field (now refcount_t) tracks references from rose_sock. This patch merges these two reference counting systems using 'use' field for proper reference management. Specifically, this patch adds incrementing and decrementing of rose_neigh->use when rose_neigh->count is incremented or decremented. This patch also modifies rose_rt_free(), rose_rt_device_down() and rose_clear_route() to properly release references to rose_neigh objects before freeing a rose_node through rose_remove_node(). These changes ensure rose_neigh structures are properly freed only when all references, including those from rose_node structures, are released. As a result, this resolves a slab-use-after-free issue reported by Syzbot.

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/384210cceb1873a4c8218b27ba0745444436b728	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4cce478c3e82a5fc788d72adb2f4c4e983997639	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c547c8eee9d1cf6e744611d688b9f725cf9a115	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d7563b456ed44151e1a82091d96f60166daea89b	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/da9c9c877597170b929a6121a68dcd3dd9a80f45	Patch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html	Third Party Advisory
0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html
0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	2.6.12
linux	linux_kernel	2.6.12
linux	linux_kernel	2.6.12
linux	linux_kernel	2.6.12
linux	linux_kernel	2.6.12
linux	linux_kernel	6.17
linux	linux_kernel	6.17
linux	linux_kernel	6.17
debian	debian_linux	11.0

JSON

To clipboard

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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
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  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: rose: include node references in rose_neigh refcount\n\nCurrent implementation maintains two separate reference counting\nmechanisms: the \u0027count\u0027 field in struct rose_neigh tracks references from\nrose_node structures, while the \u0027use\u0027 field (now refcount_t) tracks\nreferences from rose_sock.\n\nThis patch merges these two reference counting systems using \u0027use\u0027 field\nfor proper reference management. Specifically, this patch adds incrementing\nand decrementing of rose_neigh-\u003euse when rose_neigh-\u003ecount is incremented\nor decremented.\n\nThis patch also modifies rose_rt_free(), rose_rt_device_down() and\nrose_clear_route() to properly release references to rose_neigh objects\nbefore freeing a rose_node through rose_remove_node().\n\nThese changes ensure rose_neigh structures are properly freed only when\nall references, including those from rose_node structures, are released.\nAs a result, this resolves a slab-use-after-free issue reported by Syzbot."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-39827",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:23:49.200",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 8.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "type": "Secondary"
      },
      {
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          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 5.5,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
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        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
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  },
  "published": "2025-09-16T13:16:02.873",
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      "tags": [
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    {
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  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
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          "value": "NVD-CWE-Other"
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      ],
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "type": "Primary"
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  ]
}

CVE-2025-39827 (GCVE-0-2025-39827)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-16 13:00 – Updated: 2026-09-08 08:42

Title

net: rose: include node references in rose_neigh refcount

Summary

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root

References

8 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4cce478c3e82a5fc7…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c547c8eee9d1cf6e…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d7563b456ed44151e…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/384210cceb1873a4c…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/da9c9c877597170b9…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/…
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/…

Impacted products

6 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 4cce478c3e82a5fc788d72adb2f4c4e983997639 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 9c547c8eee9d1cf6e744611d688b9f725cf9a115 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < d7563b456ed44151e1a82091d96f60166daea89b (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 384210cceb1873a4c8218b27ba0745444436b728 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < da9c9c877597170b929a6121a68dcd3dd9a80f45 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 2.6.12 Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.12 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.150 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.104 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.45 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.5 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Siemens	SIMATIC CN 4100	Affected: 0 , < V5.0 (custom)
Siemens	SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP	Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
Siemens	SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP	Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
Siemens	SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP	Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
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        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/rose/rose_route.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4cce478c3e82a5fc788d72adb2f4c4e983997639",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "9c547c8eee9d1cf6e744611d688b9f725cf9a115",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "d7563b456ed44151e1a82091d96f60166daea89b",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "384210cceb1873a4c8218b27ba0745444436b728",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "da9c9c877597170b929a6121a68dcd3dd9a80f45",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/rose/rose_route.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.6.12"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.6.12",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.150",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.104",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.45",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16.5",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.150",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.104",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.45",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.5",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: rose: include node references in rose_neigh refcount\n\nCurrent implementation maintains two separate reference counting\nmechanisms: the \u0027count\u0027 field in struct rose_neigh tracks references from\nrose_node structures, while the \u0027use\u0027 field (now refcount_t) tracks\nreferences from rose_sock.\n\nThis patch merges these two reference counting systems using \u0027use\u0027 field\nfor proper reference management. Specifically, this patch adds incrementing\nand decrementing of rose_neigh-\u003euse when rose_neigh-\u003ecount is incremented\nor decremented.\n\nThis patch also modifies rose_rt_free(), rose_rt_device_down() and\nrose_clear_route() to properly release references to rose_neigh objects\nbefore freeing a rose_node through rose_remove_node().\n\nThese changes ensure rose_neigh structures are properly freed only when\nall references, including those from rose_node structures, are released.\nAs a result, this resolves a slab-use-after-free issue reported by Syzbot."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:A - The dangling `rose_node-\u003eneighbour[]` entries are consumed by `rose_route_frame()` \u2192 `rose_get_neigh(..., route_frame=1)` and `rose_rx_call_request()`, which run entirely on ROSE frames received from unauthenticated AX.25 peers. AX.25 rides radio links, KISS/serial TNCs, or bpqether (ETH_P_BPQ) on the local Ethernet segment, so the attacker must be link-adjacent rather than internet-routable.\nAC:L - The attacker drives both sides \u2014 flooding CALL_REQUEST/CLEAR_REQUEST frames to force the frame-driven `rose_neigh_put()` paths in `rose_in.c`/`rose_link_failed()` while route/device churn tears down `rose_node`s that never held a `use` reference \u2014 and per guidance a use-after-free the attacker creates is Low.\nPR:N - ROSE and AX.25 have no authentication, so a peer injecting frames on the segment needs no credentials to reach `rose_route_frame()`/`rose_rx_call_request()` and dereference the freed `rose_neigh`; unprivileged local `connect()` and `/proc/net/rose_nodes` reach the same stale pointers.\nUI:N - Only received frames and ordinary ROSE connection/route churn on a host with ROSE routing configured are needed; no local user has to open a file, mount anything, or take any other action.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel heap objects within the kernel\u0027s own security authority, with no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - The freed `rose_neigh` slot is demonstrably recycled by unrelated kmalloc allocations (KASAN shows the slot reused by kernfs buffers), so an attacker can spray controlled data and have the kernel read it back through `node-\u003eneighbour[i]`, `rose-\u003eneighbour`, and `rose_route-\u003eneigh1/2`, yielding kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - `rose_neigh_hold()`/`rose_neigh_put()` on the dangling pointer perform refcount read-modify-writes into a reclaimed object, and stale `rose-\u003eneighbour`/`rose_route-\u003eneigh` plus the object\u0027s embedded `timer_list` function pointers and `sk_buff_head` give write and double-free primitives with plausible control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The freed neighbour still has armed `ftimer`/`t0timer` and live pointers from routes, nodes and sockets, so the UAF reliably produces a kernel oops/panic \u2014 as syzbot reproduced thousands of times \u2014 and can be re-triggered at will."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:05:29.203Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4cce478c3e82a5fc788d72adb2f4c4e983997639"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c547c8eee9d1cf6e744611d688b9f725cf9a115"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d7563b456ed44151e1a82091d96f60166daea89b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/384210cceb1873a4c8218b27ba0745444436b728"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/da9c9c877597170b929a6121a68dcd3dd9a80f45"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net: rose: include node references in rose_neigh refcount",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-39827",
    "datePublished": "2025-09-16T13:00:25.555Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.140Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-08T08:42:23.155Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.