Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-21976

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-04-01 16:15 - Updated: 2026-07-30 06:22

Severity

7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fbdev: hyperv_fb: Allow graceful removal of framebuffer When a Hyper-V framebuffer device is unbind, hyperv_fb driver tries to release the framebuffer forcefully. If this framebuffer is in use it produce the following WARN and hence this framebuffer is never released. [ 44.111220] WARNING: CPU: 35 PID: 1882 at drivers/video/fbdev/core/fb_info.c:70 framebuffer_release+0x2c/0x40 < snip > [ 44.111289] Call Trace: [ 44.111290] <TASK> [ 44.111291] ? show_regs+0x6c/0x80 [ 44.111295] ? __warn+0x8d/0x150 [ 44.111298] ? framebuffer_release+0x2c/0x40 [ 44.111300] ? report_bug+0x182/0x1b0 [ 44.111303] ? handle_bug+0x6e/0xb0 [ 44.111306] ? exc_invalid_op+0x18/0x80 [ 44.111308] ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1b/0x20 [ 44.111311] ? framebuffer_release+0x2c/0x40 [ 44.111313] ? hvfb_remove+0x86/0xa0 [hyperv_fb] [ 44.111315] vmbus_remove+0x24/0x40 [hv_vmbus] [ 44.111323] device_remove+0x40/0x80 [ 44.111325] device_release_driver_internal+0x20b/0x270 [ 44.111327] ? bus_find_device+0xb3/0xf0 Fix this by moving the release of framebuffer and assosiated memory to fb_ops.fb_destroy function, so that framebuffer framework handles it gracefully. While we fix this, also replace manual registrations/unregistration of framebuffer with devm_register_framebuffer.

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4545e2aa121aea304d33903099c03e29ed4fe50a	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a7b583dc99c6cf4a96877017be1d08247e1ef2c7	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ea2f45ab0e53b255f72c85ccd99e2b394fc5fceb	Patch

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	6.14
linux	linux_kernel	6.14
linux	linux_kernel	6.14
linux	linux_kernel	6.14
linux	linux_kernel	6.14
linux	linux_kernel	6.14

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/video/fbdev/hyperv_fb.c"
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      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfbdev: hyperv_fb: Allow graceful removal of framebuffer\n\nWhen a Hyper-V framebuffer device is unbind, hyperv_fb driver tries to\nrelease the framebuffer forcefully. If this framebuffer is in use it\nproduce the following WARN and hence this framebuffer is never released.\n\n[   44.111220] WARNING: CPU: 35 PID: 1882 at drivers/video/fbdev/core/fb_info.c:70 framebuffer_release+0x2c/0x40\n\u003c snip \u003e\n[   44.111289] Call Trace:\n[   44.111290]  \u003cTASK\u003e\n[   44.111291]  ? show_regs+0x6c/0x80\n[   44.111295]  ? __warn+0x8d/0x150\n[   44.111298]  ? framebuffer_release+0x2c/0x40\n[   44.111300]  ? report_bug+0x182/0x1b0\n[   44.111303]  ? handle_bug+0x6e/0xb0\n[   44.111306]  ? exc_invalid_op+0x18/0x80\n[   44.111308]  ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1b/0x20\n[   44.111311]  ? framebuffer_release+0x2c/0x40\n[   44.111313]  ? hvfb_remove+0x86/0xa0 [hyperv_fb]\n[   44.111315]  vmbus_remove+0x24/0x40 [hv_vmbus]\n[   44.111323]  device_remove+0x40/0x80\n[   44.111325]  device_release_driver_internal+0x20b/0x270\n[   44.111327]  ? bus_find_device+0xb3/0xf0\n\nFix this by moving the release of framebuffer and assosiated memory\nto fb_ops.fb_destroy function, so that framebuffer framework handles\nit gracefully.\n\nWhile we fix this, also replace manual registrations/unregistration of\nframebuffer with devm_register_framebuffer."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: fbdev: hyperv_fb: Permite la eliminaci\u00f3n ordenada del framebuffer. Cuando se desvincula un dispositivo framebuffer de Hyper-V, el controlador hyperv_fb intenta liberarlo forzosamente. Si este framebuffer est\u00e1 en uso, genera la siguiente advertencia y, por lo tanto, nunca se libera. [44.111220] ADVERTENCIA: CPU: 35 PID: 1882 en drivers/video/fbdev/core/fb_info.c:70 framebuffer_release+0x2c/0x40 \u0026lt; snip \u0026gt; [44.111289] Rastreo de llamadas: [ 44.111290]  [ 44.111291] ? show_regs+0x6c/0x80 [ 44.111295] ? __warn+0x8d/0x150 [ 44.111298] ? framebuffer_release+0x2c/0x40 [ 44.111300] ? report_bug+0x182/0x1b0 [ 44.111303] ? handle_bug+0x6e/0xb0 [ 44.111306] ? exc_invalid_op+0x18/0x80 [ 44.111308] ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1b/0x20 [ 44.111311] ? framebuffer_release+0x2c/0x40 [ 44.111313] ? hvfb_remove+0x86/0xa0 [hyperv_fb] [ 44.111315] vmbus_remove+0x24/0x40 [hv_vmbus] [ 44.111323] device_remove+0x40/0x80 [ 44.111325] device_release_driver_internal+0x20b/0x270 [ 44.111327] ? bus_find_device+0xb3/0xf0. Solucione esto trasladando la liberaci\u00f3n del framebuffer y la memoria asociada a la funci\u00f3n fb_ops.fb_destroy, para que el framework del framebuffer lo gestione correctamente. Mientras lo solucionamos, tambi\u00e9n reemplace el registro/desregistro manual del framebuffer con devm_register_framebuffer."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-21976",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:22:01.277",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
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        "type": "Secondary"
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        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
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  "published": "2025-04-01T16:15:28.973",
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  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
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}

CVE-2025-21976 (GCVE-0-2025-21976)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-01 15:47 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:55

Title

fbdev: hyperv_fb: Allow graceful removal of framebuffer

Summary

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root Scorecard

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4545e2aa121aea304…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a7b583dc99c6cf4a9…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ea2f45ab0e53b255f…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 68a2d20b79b105f02dcbc52c211d7e62f98996b7 , < 4545e2aa121aea304d33903099c03e29ed4fe50a (git) Affected: 68a2d20b79b105f02dcbc52c211d7e62f98996b7 , < a7b583dc99c6cf4a96877017be1d08247e1ef2c7 (git) Affected: 68a2d20b79b105f02dcbc52c211d7e62f98996b7 , < ea2f45ab0e53b255f72c85ccd99e2b394fc5fceb (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 3.10 Unaffected: 0 , < 3.10 (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.20 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.8 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/video/fbdev/hyperv_fb.c"
          ],
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through local interfaces only \u2014 opening and mmap\u0027ing the `/dev/fbN` character device and the local/administrative device-removal path (sysfs unbind, module unload, or VMBus rescind of the guest\u0027s synthetic video device). No network or adjacent-network vector exists for hyperv_fb.\nAC:L - There is no race to win: a process simply holds an mmap of `/dev/fb0`, and the premature `vfree()`/`kvfree()` in `hvfb_remove()` deterministically leaves that mapping and the `info-\u003epagerefs` array pointing at freed memory. Grooming the recycled pages afterwards is under the attacker\u0027s control via ordinary allocation pressure.\nPR:L - The party that gains the freed-memory read/write primitive only needs to open and mmap the framebuffer device, which unprivileged seat/console users (logind ACLs), `video`-group members, and graphics-domain processes on embedded/Android-style systems routinely can do. No CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed to hold the mapping that survives the teardown.\nUI:N - The removal that triggers the free is a device/administrative event \u2014 Hyper-V host-side rescind of the video VMBus device, driver reload during a package update, or automated unbind \u2014 not an action by a victim user, and the attacking process merely has to be mapped when it occurs. This matches the treatment of the identical fbdev hot-unplug-while-mapped class.\nS:U - The corrupted resources (vmalloc pages, the deferred-I/O pageref array, the leaked `fb_info`) are all kernel memory managed by the same security authority as the vulnerable driver. No hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - After `vfree(par-\u003edio_vp)` the surviving userspace mapping still points at pages handed back to the page allocator, so the attacker can read whatever kernel data those pages are subsequently reused for \u2014 slab objects, page tables, credentials \u2014 an effectively arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The same surviving mapping is writable, giving a page-granularity write primitive into recycled kernel memory, and write faults additionally corrupt the kvfree\u0027d `info-\u003epagerefs` array and lock a destroyed mutex. That combination is a classic path to heap/page-table corruption and control-flow hijack.\nA:H - Unbind with the framebuffer in use produces a `WARN_ON` in `framebuffer_release()` (fatal under panic_on_warn) plus an `fb_info` leak, and subsequent access from the still-open fd faults on freed vmalloc memory, walks a freed pageref array, and locks a destroyed mutex \u2014 resulting in oops/panic."
            }
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:55:48.624Z",
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ea2f45ab0e53b255f72c85ccd99e2b394fc5fceb"
        }
      ],
      "title": "fbdev: hyperv_fb: Allow graceful removal of framebuffer",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-21976",
    "datePublished": "2025-04-01T15:47:07.120Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.798Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:55:48.624Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

FKIE_CVE-2025-21976

CVE-2025-21976 (GCVE-0-2025-21976)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour