Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-40894 (GCVE-0-2026-40894)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-23 18:03 – Updated: 2026-04-23 19:22

Title

OpenTelemetry dotnet: Excessive memory allocation when parsing OpenTelemetry propagation headers

Summary

OpenTelemetry dotnet is a dotnet telemetry framework. In OpenTelemetry.Api 0.5.0-beta.2 to 1.15.2 and OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Propagators 1.3.1 to 1.15.2, The implementation details of the baggage, B3 and Jaeger processing code in the OpenTelemetry.Api and OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Propagators NuGet packages can allocate excessive memory when parsing which could create a potential denial of service (DoS) in the consuming application. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.15.3.

Severity ?

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

CWE

CWE-789 - Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

URL

Tags

	https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-d…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
	https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-d…	x_refsource_MISC
	https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-d…	x_refsource_MISC
	https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-d…	x_refsource_MISC
	https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-d…	x_refsource_MISC
	https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-d…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

Vendor

Product

Version

open-telemetry

opentelemetry-dotnet

Affected: >= 0.5.0-beta.2, < 1.15.3

	open-telemetry	OpenTelemetry.Api	Affected: >= 0.5.0-beta.2, < 1.15.3
	open-telemetry	OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Propagators	Affected: >= 1.3.1, < 1.15.3

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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                "id": "CVE-2026-40894",
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    "datePublished": "2026-04-23T18:03:28.211Z",
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GHSA-G94R-2VXG-569J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-23 21:43 – Updated: 2026-04-23 21:43

Summary

OpenTelemetry dotnet: Excessive memory allocation when parsing OpenTelemetry propagation headers

Details

Summary

The implementation details of the baggage, B3 and Jaeger processing code in the OpenTelemetry.Api and OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Propagators NuGet packages can allocate excessive memory when parsing which could create a potential denial of service (DoS) in the consuming application.

Details

Exceeding Limits

BaggagePropagator.Inject<T>() does not enforce the length limit of 8192 characters if the injected baggage contains only one item.

This change was introduced by #1048.

Excessive allocation

The following methods eagerly allocate intermediate arrays before applying size limits.

BaggagePropagator.Extract<T>() - this change was introduced by #1048.
BaggagePropagator.Inject<T>() - this change was introduced by #1048.
B3Propagator.Extract<T>() - this change was introduced by #533.
B3Propagator.Extract<T>() - this change was introduced by #3244.
JaegerPropagator.Extract<T>() - this change was introduced by #3309.

Impact

Excessively large propagation headers, particularly in degenerate/malformed cases that consist or large numbers of delimiter characters, can allocate excessive amounts of memory for intermediate storage of parsed content relative to the size of the original input.

Mitigation

HTTP servers often set maximum limits on the length of HTTP request headers, such as Internet Information Services (IIS) which sets a default limit of 16KB and nginx which sets a default limit of 8KB.

Workarounds

Possible workarounds include:

Configuring appropriate HTTP request header limits.
Disabling baggage and/or trace propagation.

Remediation

#7061 refactors the handling of baggage, B3 and Jaeger propagation headers to stop parsing eagerly when limits are exceeded and avoid allocating intermediate arrays.

Severity ?

5.3 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "OpenTelemetry.Api"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.5.0-beta.2"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.15.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Propagators"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.3.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.15.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-40894"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-789"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-23T21:43:53Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-23T19:17:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nThe implementation details of the baggage, B3 and Jaeger processing code in the `OpenTelemetry.Api` and `OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Propagators` NuGet packages can allocate excessive memory when parsing which could create a potential denial of service (DoS) in the consuming application.\n\n### Details\n\n#### Exceeding Limits\n\n[`BaggagePropagator.Inject\u003cT\u003e()`](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/blob/fc1a2864d1665bda857089e11fe9247e3c75637a/src/OpenTelemetry.Api/Context/Propagation/BaggagePropagator.cs#L93-L112) does not enforce the length limit of `8192` characters if the injected baggage contains only one item.\n\nThis change was introduced by #1048.\n\n#### Excessive allocation\n\nThe following methods eagerly allocate intermediate arrays before applying size limits.\n\n- [`BaggagePropagator.Extract\u003cT\u003e()`](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/blob/888d1bf2489fb7408d3c5e8758a5bbffa89a8fb2/src/OpenTelemetry.Api/Context/Propagation/BaggagePropagator.cs#L52-L55) - this change was introduced by #1048.\n- [`BaggagePropagator.Inject\u003cT\u003e()`](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/blob/888d1bf2489fb7408d3c5e8758a5bbffa89a8fb2/src/OpenTelemetry.Api/Context/Propagation/BaggagePropagator.cs#L138-L157) - this change was introduced by #1048.\n- [`B3Propagator.Extract\u003cT\u003e()`](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/blob/888d1bf2489fb7408d3c5e8758a5bbffa89a8fb2/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Propagators/B3Propagator.cs#L203-L207) - this change was introduced by #533.\n- [`B3Propagator.Extract\u003cT\u003e()`](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/blob/888d1bf2489fb7408d3c5e8758a5bbffa89a8fb2/src/OpenTelemetry.Api/Context/Propagation/B3Propagator.cs#L204-L214) - this change was introduced by #3244.\n- [`JaegerPropagator.Extract\u003cT\u003e()`](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/blob/888d1bf2489fb7408d3c5e8758a5bbffa89a8fb2/src/OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Propagators/JaegerPropagator.cs#L150-L154) - this change was introduced by #3309.\n\n### Impact\n\nExcessively large propagation headers, particularly in degenerate/malformed cases that consist or large numbers of delimiter characters, can allocate excessive amounts of memory for intermediate storage of parsed content relative to the size of the original input.\n\n### Mitigation\n\nHTTP servers often set maximum limits on the length of HTTP request headers, such as [Internet Information Services (IIS)](https://learn.microsoft.com/iis/configuration/system.webserver/security/requestfiltering/requestlimits/headerlimits/) which sets a default limit of 16KB and [nginx](https://nginx.org/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html#large_client_header_buffers) which sets a default limit of 8KB.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nPossible workarounds include:\n\n- Configuring appropriate HTTP request header limits.\n- Disabling baggage and/or trace propagation.\n\n### Remediation\n\n[#7061](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/7061) refactors the handling of baggage, B3 and Jaeger propagation headers to stop parsing eagerly when limits are exceeded and avoid allocating intermediate arrays.",
  "id": "GHSA-g94r-2vxg-569j",
  "modified": "2026-04-23T21:43:54Z",
  "published": "2026-04-23T21:43:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/security/advisories/GHSA-g94r-2vxg-569j"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40894"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/1048"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/3244"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/3309"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/3533"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/533"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/7061"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/releases/tag/core-1.15.3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenTelemetry dotnet: Excessive memory allocation when parsing OpenTelemetry propagation headers"
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-40894

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-04-23 19:17 - Updated: 2026-04-23 19:17

Severity ?

5.3 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/1048
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/3244
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/3309
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/533
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/7061
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/security/advisories/GHSA-g94r-2vxg-569j

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "OpenTelemetry dotnet is a dotnet telemetry framework. In OpenTelemetry.Api 0.5.0-beta.2 to 1.15.2 and OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Propagators 1.3.1 to 1.15.2, The implementation details of the baggage, B3 and Jaeger processing code in the OpenTelemetry.Api and OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Propagators NuGet packages can allocate excessive memory when parsing which could create a potential denial of service (DoS) in the consuming application. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.15.3."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-40894",
  "lastModified": "2026-04-23T19:17:28.810",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
          "baseScore": 5.3,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 1.4,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-04-23T19:17:28.810",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/1048"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/3244"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/3309"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/533"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/pull/7061"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-dotnet/security/advisories/GHSA-g94r-2vxg-569j"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Received",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-789"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-40894 (GCVE-0-2026-40894)

GHSA-G94R-2VXG-569J

Summary

Details

Exceeding Limits

Excessive allocation

Impact

Mitigation

Workarounds

Remediation

FKIE_CVE-2026-40894

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature