CVE-2025-54123 (GCVE-0-2025-54123)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-09-10 18:41
Modified
2025-09-10 19:48
Severity ?
9.8 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Summary
Hoverfly is an open source API simulation tool. In versions 1.11.3 and prior, the middleware functionality in Hoverfly is vulnerable to command injection vulnerability at `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware` endpoint due to insufficient validation and sanitization in user input. The vulnerability exists in the middleware management API endpoint `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware`. This issue is born due to combination of three code level flaws: Insufficient Input Validation in middleware.go line 94-96; Unsafe Command Execution in local_middleware.go line 14-19; and Immediate Execution During Testing in hoverfly_service.go line 173. This allows an attacker to gain remote code execution (RCE) on any system running the vulnerable Hoverfly service. Since the input is directly passed to system commands without proper checks, an attacker can upload a malicious payload or directly execute arbitrary commands (including reverse shells) on the host server with the privileges of the Hoverfly process. Commit 17e60a9bc78826deb4b782dca1c1abd3dbe60d40 in version 1.12.0 disables the set middleware API by default, and subsequent changes to documentation make users aware of the security changes of exposing the set middleware API.
References
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/hoverfly_service.go#L173Product
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/middleware/local_middleware.go#L13Product
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/middleware/middleware.go#L93Product
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/17e60a9bc78826deb4b782dca1c1abd3dbe60d40Patch
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/a9d4da7bd7269651f54542ab790d0c613d568d3ePatch
security-advisories@github.comhttps://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/security/advisories/GHSA-r4h8-hfp2-ggmfExploit, Vendor Advisory
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/security/advisories/GHSA-r4h8-hfp2-ggmfExploit, Vendor Advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SpectoLabs hoverfly Version: <= 1.11.3
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-54123",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-09-10T18:47:39.102101Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-09-10T18:47:41.647Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/security/advisories/GHSA-r4h8-hfp2-ggmf"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "hoverfly",
          "vendor": "SpectoLabs",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c= 1.11.3"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Hoverfly is an open source API simulation tool. In versions 1.11.3 and prior, the middleware functionality in Hoverfly is vulnerable to command injection vulnerability at `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware` endpoint due to insufficient validation and sanitization in user input. The vulnerability exists in the middleware management API endpoint `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware`. This issue is born due to combination of three code level flaws: Insufficient Input Validation in middleware.go line 94-96; Unsafe Command Execution in local_middleware.go line 14-19; and Immediate Execution During Testing in hoverfly_service.go line 173. This allows an attacker to gain remote code execution (RCE) on any system running the vulnerable Hoverfly service. Since the input is directly passed to system commands without proper checks, an attacker can upload a malicious payload or directly execute arbitrary commands (including reverse shells) on the host server with the privileges of the Hoverfly process. Commit 17e60a9bc78826deb4b782dca1c1abd3dbe60d40 in version 1.12.0 disables the set middleware API by default, and subsequent changes to documentation make users aware of the security changes of exposing the set middleware API."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-20",
              "description": "CWE-20: Improper Input Validation",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-78",
              "description": "CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-09-10T19:48:59.256Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/security/advisories/GHSA-r4h8-hfp2-ggmf",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/security/advisories/GHSA-r4h8-hfp2-ggmf"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/17e60a9bc78826deb4b782dca1c1abd3dbe60d40",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/17e60a9bc78826deb4b782dca1c1abd3dbe60d40"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/a9d4da7bd7269651f54542ab790d0c613d568d3e",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/a9d4da7bd7269651f54542ab790d0c613d568d3e"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/hoverfly_service.go#L173",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/hoverfly_service.go#L173"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/middleware/local_middleware.go#L13",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/middleware/local_middleware.go#L13"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/middleware/middleware.go#L93",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/middleware/middleware.go#L93"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-r4h8-hfp2-ggmf",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Hoverfly vulnerable to remote code execution at `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware` endpoint due to insecure middleware implementation"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-54123",
    "datePublished": "2025-09-10T18:41:46.370Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-07-16T23:53:40.509Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-09-10T19:48:59.256Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-54123\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"published\":\"2025-09-10T19:15:41.803\",\"lastModified\":\"2025-09-17T21:17:53.460\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Hoverfly is an open source API simulation tool. In versions 1.11.3 and prior, the middleware functionality in Hoverfly is vulnerable to command injection vulnerability at `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware` endpoint due to insufficient validation and sanitization in user input. The vulnerability exists in the middleware management API endpoint `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware`. This issue is born due to combination of three code level flaws: Insufficient Input Validation in middleware.go line 94-96; Unsafe Command Execution in local_middleware.go line 14-19; and Immediate Execution During Testing in hoverfly_service.go line 173. This allows an attacker to gain remote code execution (RCE) on any system running the vulnerable Hoverfly service. Since the input is directly passed to system commands without proper checks, an attacker can upload a malicious payload or directly execute arbitrary commands (including reverse shells) on the host server with the privileges of the Hoverfly process. Commit 17e60a9bc78826deb4b782dca1c1abd3dbe60d40 in version 1.12.0 disables the set middleware API by default, and subsequent changes to documentation make users aware of the security changes of exposing the set middleware API.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":9.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"CRITICAL\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-20\"},{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-78\"}]},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-78\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:hoverfly:hoverfly:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"1.12.0\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"52876127-6BCA-42D6-9133-2A7A0B326DE8\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/hoverfly_service.go#L173\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Product\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/middleware/local_middleware.go#L13\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Product\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/middleware/middleware.go#L93\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Product\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/17e60a9bc78826deb4b782dca1c1abd3dbe60d40\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/a9d4da7bd7269651f54542ab790d0c613d568d3e\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/security/advisories/GHSA-r4h8-hfp2-ggmf\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/security/advisories/GHSA-r4h8-hfp2-ggmf\",\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-54123\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"poc\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"yes\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-09-10T18:47:39.102101Z\"}}}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/security/advisories/GHSA-r4h8-hfp2-ggmf\", \"tags\": [\"exploit\"]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-09-10T18:47:33.260Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"Hoverfly vulnerable to remote code execution at `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware` endpoint due to insecure middleware implementation\", \"source\": {\"advisory\": \"GHSA-r4h8-hfp2-ggmf\", \"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}, \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 9.8, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"CRITICAL\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\", \"integrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"SpectoLabs\", \"product\": \"hoverfly\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"\u003c= 1.11.3\"}]}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/security/advisories/GHSA-r4h8-hfp2-ggmf\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/security/advisories/GHSA-r4h8-hfp2-ggmf\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_CONFIRM\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/17e60a9bc78826deb4b782dca1c1abd3dbe60d40\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/17e60a9bc78826deb4b782dca1c1abd3dbe60d40\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/a9d4da7bd7269651f54542ab790d0c613d568d3e\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/a9d4da7bd7269651f54542ab790d0c613d568d3e\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/hoverfly_service.go#L173\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/hoverfly_service.go#L173\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/middleware/local_middleware.go#L13\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/middleware/local_middleware.go#L13\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/middleware/middleware.go#L93\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/middleware/middleware.go#L93\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Hoverfly is an open source API simulation tool. In versions 1.11.3 and prior, the middleware functionality in Hoverfly is vulnerable to command injection vulnerability at `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware` endpoint due to insufficient validation and sanitization in user input. The vulnerability exists in the middleware management API endpoint `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware`. This issue is born due to combination of three code level flaws: Insufficient Input Validation in middleware.go line 94-96; Unsafe Command Execution in local_middleware.go line 14-19; and Immediate Execution During Testing in hoverfly_service.go line 173. This allows an attacker to gain remote code execution (RCE) on any system running the vulnerable Hoverfly service. Since the input is directly passed to system commands without proper checks, an attacker can upload a malicious payload or directly execute arbitrary commands (including reverse shells) on the host server with the privileges of the Hoverfly process. Commit 17e60a9bc78826deb4b782dca1c1abd3dbe60d40 in version 1.12.0 disables the set middleware API by default, and subsequent changes to documentation make users aware of the security changes of exposing the set middleware API.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-20\", \"description\": \"CWE-20: Improper Input Validation\"}]}, {\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-78\", \"description\": \"CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"shortName\": \"GitHub_M\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-09-10T19:48:59.256Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-54123\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-09-10T19:48:59.256Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-07-16T23:53:40.509Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-09-10T18:41:46.370Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"GitHub_M\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.