GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration

CVE-2025-40184 (GCVE-0-2025-40184)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-12 21:56 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:44
VLAI
Title
KVM: arm64: Fix debug checking for np-guests using huge mappings
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: arm64: Fix debug checking for np-guests using huge mappings When running with transparent huge pages and CONFIG_NVHE_EL2_DEBUG then the debug checking in assert_host_shared_guest() fails on the launch of an np-guest. This WARN_ON() causes a panic and generates the stack below. In __pkvm_host_relax_perms_guest() the debug checking assumes the mapping is a single page but it may be a block map. Update the checking so that the size is not checked and just assumes the correct size. While we're here make the same fix in __pkvm_host_mkyoung_guest(). Info: # lkvm run -k /share/arch/arm64/boot/Image -m 704 -c 8 --name guest-128 Info: Removed ghost socket file "/.lkvm//guest-128.sock". [ 1406.521757] kvm [141]: nVHE hyp BUG at: arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/mem_protect.c:1088! [ 1406.521804] kvm [141]: nVHE call trace: [ 1406.521828] kvm [141]: [<ffff8000811676b4>] __kvm_nvhe_hyp_panic+0xb4/0xe8 [ 1406.521946] kvm [141]: [<ffff80008116d12c>] __kvm_nvhe_assert_host_shared_guest+0xb0/0x10c [ 1406.522049] kvm [141]: [<ffff80008116f068>] __kvm_nvhe___pkvm_host_relax_perms_guest+0x48/0x104 [ 1406.522157] kvm [141]: [<ffff800081169df8>] __kvm_nvhe_handle___pkvm_host_relax_perms_guest+0x64/0x7c [ 1406.522250] kvm [141]: [<ffff800081169f0c>] __kvm_nvhe_handle_trap+0x8c/0x1a8 [ 1406.522333] kvm [141]: [<ffff8000811680fc>] __kvm_nvhe___skip_pauth_save+0x4/0x4 [ 1406.522454] kvm [141]: ---[ end nVHE call trace ]--- [ 1406.522477] kvm [141]: Hyp Offset: 0xfffece8013600000 [ 1406.522554] Kernel panic - not syncing: HYP panic: [ 1406.522554] PS:834003c9 PC:0000b1806db6d170 ESR:00000000f2000800 [ 1406.522554] FAR:ffff8000804be420 HPFAR:0000000000804be0 PAR:0000000000000000 [ 1406.522554] VCPU:0000000000000000 [ 1406.523337] CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 141 Comm: kvm-vcpu-0 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc7 #97 PREEMPT [ 1406.523485] Hardware name: FVP Base RevC (DT) [ 1406.523566] Call trace: [ 1406.523629] show_stack+0x18/0x24 (C) [ 1406.523753] dump_stack_lvl+0xd4/0x108 [ 1406.523899] dump_stack+0x18/0x24 [ 1406.524040] panic+0x3d8/0x448 [ 1406.524184] nvhe_hyp_panic_handler+0x10c/0x23c [ 1406.524325] kvm_handle_guest_abort+0x68c/0x109c [ 1406.524500] handle_exit+0x60/0x17c [ 1406.524630] kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x2e0/0x8c0 [ 1406.524794] kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x1a8/0x9cc [ 1406.524919] __arm64_sys_ioctl+0xac/0x104 [ 1406.525067] invoke_syscall+0x48/0x10c [ 1406.525189] el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x40/0xe0 [ 1406.525322] do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28 [ 1406.525441] el0_svc+0x38/0x120 [ 1406.525588] el0t_64_sync_handler+0x10c/0x138 [ 1406.525750] el0t_64_sync+0x1ac/0x1b0 [ 1406.525876] SMP: stopping secondary CPUs [ 1406.525965] Kernel Offset: disabled [ 1406.526032] CPU features: 0x0000,00000080,8e134ca1,9446773f [ 1406.526130] Memory Limit: none [ 1406.959099] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: HYP panic: [ 1406.959099] PS:834003c9 PC:0000b1806db6d170 ESR:00000000f2000800 [ 1406.959099] FAR:ffff8000804be420 HPFAR:0000000000804be0 PAR:0000000000000000 [ 1406.959099] VCPU:0000000000000000 ]
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: f28f1d02f4eaac05c2ad6bf7264a8696dc21d011 , < 4f7af3d8a1177c807d1f2563c7c171700b020656 (git)
Affected: f28f1d02f4eaac05c2ad6bf7264a8696dc21d011 , < 2ba972bf71cb71d2127ec6c3db1ceb6dd0c73173 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 6.16
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.16 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17.4 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/mem_protect.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4f7af3d8a1177c807d1f2563c7c171700b020656",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f28f1d02f4eaac05c2ad6bf7264a8696dc21d011",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2ba972bf71cb71d2127ec6c3db1ceb6dd0c73173",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f28f1d02f4eaac05c2ad6bf7264a8696dc21d011",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/mem_protect.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.16"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.16",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.16",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.16",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: arm64: Fix debug checking for np-guests using huge mappings\n\nWhen running with transparent huge pages and CONFIG_NVHE_EL2_DEBUG then\nthe debug checking in assert_host_shared_guest() fails on the launch of an\nnp-guest. This WARN_ON() causes a panic and generates the stack below.\n\nIn __pkvm_host_relax_perms_guest() the debug checking assumes the mapping\nis a single page but it may be a block map. Update the checking so that\nthe size is not checked and just assumes the correct size.\n\nWhile we\u0027re here make the same fix in __pkvm_host_mkyoung_guest().\n\n  Info: # lkvm run -k /share/arch/arm64/boot/Image -m 704 -c 8 --name guest-128\n  Info: Removed ghost socket file \"/.lkvm//guest-128.sock\".\n[ 1406.521757] kvm [141]: nVHE hyp BUG at: arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/mem_protect.c:1088!\n[ 1406.521804] kvm [141]: nVHE call trace:\n[ 1406.521828] kvm [141]:  [\u003cffff8000811676b4\u003e] __kvm_nvhe_hyp_panic+0xb4/0xe8\n[ 1406.521946] kvm [141]:  [\u003cffff80008116d12c\u003e] __kvm_nvhe_assert_host_shared_guest+0xb0/0x10c\n[ 1406.522049] kvm [141]:  [\u003cffff80008116f068\u003e] __kvm_nvhe___pkvm_host_relax_perms_guest+0x48/0x104\n[ 1406.522157] kvm [141]:  [\u003cffff800081169df8\u003e] __kvm_nvhe_handle___pkvm_host_relax_perms_guest+0x64/0x7c\n[ 1406.522250] kvm [141]:  [\u003cffff800081169f0c\u003e] __kvm_nvhe_handle_trap+0x8c/0x1a8\n[ 1406.522333] kvm [141]:  [\u003cffff8000811680fc\u003e] __kvm_nvhe___skip_pauth_save+0x4/0x4\n[ 1406.522454] kvm [141]: ---[ end nVHE call trace ]---\n[ 1406.522477] kvm [141]: Hyp Offset: 0xfffece8013600000\n[ 1406.522554] Kernel panic - not syncing: HYP panic:\n[ 1406.522554] PS:834003c9 PC:0000b1806db6d170 ESR:00000000f2000800\n[ 1406.522554] FAR:ffff8000804be420 HPFAR:0000000000804be0 PAR:0000000000000000\n[ 1406.522554] VCPU:0000000000000000\n[ 1406.523337] CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 141 Comm: kvm-vcpu-0 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc7 #97 PREEMPT\n[ 1406.523485] Hardware name: FVP Base RevC (DT)\n[ 1406.523566] Call trace:\n[ 1406.523629]  show_stack+0x18/0x24 (C)\n[ 1406.523753]  dump_stack_lvl+0xd4/0x108\n[ 1406.523899]  dump_stack+0x18/0x24\n[ 1406.524040]  panic+0x3d8/0x448\n[ 1406.524184]  nvhe_hyp_panic_handler+0x10c/0x23c\n[ 1406.524325]  kvm_handle_guest_abort+0x68c/0x109c\n[ 1406.524500]  handle_exit+0x60/0x17c\n[ 1406.524630]  kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x2e0/0x8c0\n[ 1406.524794]  kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x1a8/0x9cc\n[ 1406.524919]  __arm64_sys_ioctl+0xac/0x104\n[ 1406.525067]  invoke_syscall+0x48/0x10c\n[ 1406.525189]  el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x40/0xe0\n[ 1406.525322]  do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28\n[ 1406.525441]  el0_svc+0x38/0x120\n[ 1406.525588]  el0t_64_sync_handler+0x10c/0x138\n[ 1406.525750]  el0t_64_sync+0x1ac/0x1b0\n[ 1406.525876] SMP: stopping secondary CPUs\n[ 1406.525965] Kernel Offset: disabled\n[ 1406.526032] CPU features: 0x0000,00000080,8e134ca1,9446773f\n[ 1406.526130] Memory Limit: none\n[ 1406.959099] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: HYP panic:\n[ 1406.959099] PS:834003c9 PC:0000b1806db6d170 ESR:00000000f2000800\n[ 1406.959099] FAR:ffff8000804be420 HPFAR:0000000000804be0 PAR:0000000000000000\n[ 1406.959099] VCPU:0000000000000000 ]"
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:44:23.140Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4f7af3d8a1177c807d1f2563c7c171700b020656"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2ba972bf71cb71d2127ec6c3db1ceb6dd0c73173"
        }
      ],
      "title": "KVM: arm64: Fix debug checking for np-guests using huge mappings",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40184",
    "datePublished": "2025-11-12T21:56:28.044Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.177Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:44:23.140Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40184",
      "date": "2026-09-20",
      "epss": "0.00185",
      "percentile": "0.08325"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/mem_protect.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4f7af3d8a1177c807d1f2563c7c171700b020656",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "f28f1d02f4eaac05c2ad6bf7264a8696dc21d011",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "2ba972bf71cb71d2127ec6c3db1ceb6dd0c73173",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "f28f1d02f4eaac05c2ad6bf7264a8696dc21d011",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "affected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/mem_protect.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "6.16"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "6.16",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.17.4",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.18",
                    "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: arm64: Fix debug checking for np-guests using huge mappings\n\nWhen running with transparent huge pages and CONFIG_NVHE_EL2_DEBUG then\nthe debug checking in assert_host_shared_guest() fails on the launch of an\nnp-guest. This WARN_ON() causes a panic and generates the stack below.\n\nIn __pkvm_host_relax_perms_guest() the debug checking assumes the mapping\nis a single page but it may be a block map. Update the checking so that\nthe size is not checked and just assumes the correct size.\n\nWhile we\u0027re here make the same fix in __pkvm_host_mkyoung_guest().\n\n  Info: # lkvm run -k /share/arch/arm64/boot/Image -m 704 -c 8 --name guest-128\n  Info: Removed ghost socket file \"/.lkvm//guest-128.sock\".\n[ 1406.521757] kvm [141]: nVHE hyp BUG at: arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/mem_protect.c:1088!\n[ 1406.521804] kvm [141]: nVHE call trace:\n[ 1406.521828] kvm [141]:  [\u003cffff8000811676b4\u003e] __kvm_nvhe_hyp_panic+0xb4/0xe8\n[ 1406.521946] kvm [141]:  [\u003cffff80008116d12c\u003e] __kvm_nvhe_assert_host_shared_guest+0xb0/0x10c\n[ 1406.522049] kvm [141]:  [\u003cffff80008116f068\u003e] __kvm_nvhe___pkvm_host_relax_perms_guest+0x48/0x104\n[ 1406.522157] kvm [141]:  [\u003cffff800081169df8\u003e] __kvm_nvhe_handle___pkvm_host_relax_perms_guest+0x64/0x7c\n[ 1406.522250] kvm [141]:  [\u003cffff800081169f0c\u003e] __kvm_nvhe_handle_trap+0x8c/0x1a8\n[ 1406.522333] kvm [141]:  [\u003cffff8000811680fc\u003e] __kvm_nvhe___skip_pauth_save+0x4/0x4\n[ 1406.522454] kvm [141]: ---[ end nVHE call trace ]---\n[ 1406.522477] kvm [141]: Hyp Offset: 0xfffece8013600000\n[ 1406.522554] Kernel panic - not syncing: HYP panic:\n[ 1406.522554] PS:834003c9 PC:0000b1806db6d170 ESR:00000000f2000800\n[ 1406.522554] FAR:ffff8000804be420 HPFAR:0000000000804be0 PAR:0000000000000000\n[ 1406.522554] VCPU:0000000000000000\n[ 1406.523337] CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 141 Comm: kvm-vcpu-0 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc7 #97 PREEMPT\n[ 1406.523485] Hardware name: FVP Base RevC (DT)\n[ 1406.523566] Call trace:\n[ 1406.523629]  show_stack+0x18/0x24 (C)\n[ 1406.523753]  dump_stack_lvl+0xd4/0x108\n[ 1406.523899]  dump_stack+0x18/0x24\n[ 1406.524040]  panic+0x3d8/0x448\n[ 1406.524184]  nvhe_hyp_panic_handler+0x10c/0x23c\n[ 1406.524325]  kvm_handle_guest_abort+0x68c/0x109c\n[ 1406.524500]  handle_exit+0x60/0x17c\n[ 1406.524630]  kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x2e0/0x8c0\n[ 1406.524794]  kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x1a8/0x9cc\n[ 1406.524919]  __arm64_sys_ioctl+0xac/0x104\n[ 1406.525067]  invoke_syscall+0x48/0x10c\n[ 1406.525189]  el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x40/0xe0\n[ 1406.525322]  do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28\n[ 1406.525441]  el0_svc+0x38/0x120\n[ 1406.525588]  el0t_64_sync_handler+0x10c/0x138\n[ 1406.525750]  el0t_64_sync+0x1ac/0x1b0\n[ 1406.525876] SMP: stopping secondary CPUs\n[ 1406.525965] Kernel Offset: disabled\n[ 1406.526032] CPU features: 0x0000,00000080,8e134ca1,9446773f\n[ 1406.526130] Memory Limit: none\n[ 1406.959099] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: HYP panic:\n[ 1406.959099] PS:834003c9 PC:0000b1806db6d170 ESR:00000000f2000800\n[ 1406.959099] FAR:ffff8000804be420 HPFAR:0000000000804be0 PAR:0000000000000000\n[ 1406.959099] VCPU:0000000000000000 ]"
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-40184",
        "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:21:25.277",
        "metrics": {},
        "published": "2025-11-12T22:15:45.207",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2ba972bf71cb71d2127ec6c3db1ceb6dd0c73173"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4f7af3d8a1177c807d1f2563c7c171700b020656"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "None",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:13:55+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40184",
      "id": "CVE-2025-40184",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-11-12T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: KVM: arm64: Fix debug checking for np-guests using huge mappings",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40184.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-30T01:48:30Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40184",
      "id": "CVE-2025-40184",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-11-14T00:24:05Z",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "515",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-40184",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-40184.json",
      "version": "7"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.