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CVE-2025-39987 (GCVE-0-2025-39987)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-15 07:56 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:06
VLAI
Title
can: hi311x: populate ndo_change_mtu() to prevent buffer overflow
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: can: hi311x: populate ndo_change_mtu() to prevent buffer overflow Sending an PF_PACKET allows to bypass the CAN framework logic and to directly reach the xmit() function of a CAN driver. The only check which is performed by the PF_PACKET framework is to make sure that skb->len fits the interface's MTU. Unfortunately, because the sun4i_can driver does not populate its net_device_ops->ndo_change_mtu(), it is possible for an attacker to configure an invalid MTU by doing, for example: $ ip link set can0 mtu 9999 After doing so, the attacker could open a PF_PACKET socket using the ETH_P_CANXL protocol: socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_CANXL)) to inject a malicious CAN XL frames. For example: struct canxl_frame frame = { .flags = 0xff, .len = 2048, }; The CAN drivers' xmit() function are calling can_dev_dropped_skb() to check that the skb is valid, unfortunately under above conditions, the malicious packet is able to go through can_dev_dropped_skb() checks: 1. the skb->protocol is set to ETH_P_CANXL which is valid (the function does not check the actual device capabilities). 2. the length is a valid CAN XL length. And so, hi3110_hard_start_xmit() receives a CAN XL frame which it is not able to correctly handle and will thus misinterpret it as a CAN frame. The driver will consume frame->len as-is with no further checks. This can result in a buffer overflow later on in hi3110_hw_tx() on this line: memcpy(buf + HI3110_FIFO_EXT_DATA_OFF, frame->data, frame->len); Here, frame->len corresponds to the flags field of the CAN XL frame. In our previous example, we set canxl_frame->flags to 0xff. Because the maximum expected length is 8, a buffer overflow of 247 bytes occurs! Populate net_device_ops->ndo_change_mtu() to ensure that the interface's MTU can not be set to anything bigger than CAN_MTU. By fixing the root cause, this prevents the buffer overflow.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 57e83fb9b7468c75cb65cde1d23043553c346c6d , < f2c247e9581024d8b3dd44cbe086bf2bebbef42c (git)
Affected: 57e83fb9b7468c75cb65cde1d23043553c346c6d , < 8f351db6b2367991f0736b2cff082f5de4872113 (git)
Affected: 57e83fb9b7468c75cb65cde1d23043553c346c6d , < 7ab85762274c0fa997f0ef9a2307b2001aae43c4 (git)
Affected: 57e83fb9b7468c75cb65cde1d23043553c346c6d , < 57d332ce8c921d0e340650470bb0c1d707f216ee (git)
Affected: 57e83fb9b7468c75cb65cde1d23043553c346c6d , < be1b25005fd0f9d4e78bec6695711ef87ee33398 (git)
Affected: 57e83fb9b7468c75cb65cde1d23043553c346c6d , < def814b4ba31b563584061d6895d5ff447d5bc14 (git)
Affected: 57e83fb9b7468c75cb65cde1d23043553c346c6d , < e77fdf9e33a83a08f04ab0cb68c19ddb365a622f (git)
Affected: 57e83fb9b7468c75cb65cde1d23043553c346c6d , < ac1c7656fa717f29fac3ea073af63f0b9919ec9a (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.12
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.12 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.300 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.245 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.194 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.155 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.109 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.50 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16.10 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncan: hi311x: populate ndo_change_mtu() to prevent buffer overflow\n\nSending an PF_PACKET allows to bypass the CAN framework logic and to\ndirectly reach the xmit() function of a CAN driver. The only check\nwhich is performed by the PF_PACKET framework is to make sure that\nskb-\u003elen fits the interface\u0027s MTU.\n\nUnfortunately, because the sun4i_can driver does not populate its\nnet_device_ops-\u003endo_change_mtu(), it is possible for an attacker to\nconfigure an invalid MTU by doing, for example:\n\n  $ ip link set can0 mtu 9999\n\nAfter doing so, the attacker could open a PF_PACKET socket using the\nETH_P_CANXL protocol:\n\n\tsocket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_CANXL))\n\nto inject a malicious CAN XL frames. For example:\n\n\tstruct canxl_frame frame = {\n\t\t.flags = 0xff,\n\t\t.len = 2048,\n\t};\n\nThe CAN drivers\u0027 xmit() function are calling can_dev_dropped_skb() to\ncheck that the skb is valid, unfortunately under above conditions, the\nmalicious packet is able to go through can_dev_dropped_skb() checks:\n\n  1. the skb-\u003eprotocol is set to ETH_P_CANXL which is valid (the\n     function does not check the actual device capabilities).\n\n  2. the length is a valid CAN XL length.\n\nAnd so, hi3110_hard_start_xmit() receives a CAN XL frame which it is\nnot able to correctly handle and will thus misinterpret it as a CAN\nframe. The driver will consume frame-\u003elen as-is with no further\nchecks.\n\nThis can result in a buffer overflow later on in hi3110_hw_tx() on\nthis line:\n\n\tmemcpy(buf + HI3110_FIFO_EXT_DATA_OFF,\n\t       frame-\u003edata, frame-\u003elen);\n\nHere, frame-\u003elen corresponds to the flags field of the CAN XL frame.\nIn our previous example, we set canxl_frame-\u003eflags to 0xff. Because\nthe maximum expected length is 8, a buffer overflow of 247 bytes\noccurs!\n\nPopulate net_device_ops-\u003endo_change_mtu() to ensure that the\ninterface\u0027s MTU can not be set to anything bigger than CAN_MTU. By\nfixing the root cause, this prevents the buffer overflow."
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              "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires local syscalls \u2014 creating a PF_PACKET raw socket and sendmsg() to the CAN interface (optionally an rtnetlink MTU change) \u2014 on the machine hosting the SPI-attached HI-3110 controller. No remote or adjacent-network path reaches this xmit function.\nAC:L - The overflow is fully deterministic: a single crafted CAN XL frame with flags=0xFF makes frame-\u003elen=255 unconditionally, with no race, no timing window, and no dependence on memory layout to trigger.\nPR:L - The attacker needs only CAP_NET_RAW to open the PF_PACKET socket (and CAP_NET_ADMIN for the larger fully-controlled payload variant), both of which are held by unprivileged principals inside user/network namespaces and by containerized automotive and industrial CAN applications that own the delegated can0 interface.\nUI:N - The attacker sends the malicious frame entirely on their own; no victim action, mount, or file open is involved.\nS:U - The corruption occurs in kernel stack and slab memory within the same kernel security authority as the attacking process; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - hi3110_spi_trans() transmits 262 bytes out of a 15-byte devm_kzalloc\u0027d buffer, shifting ~247 bytes of adjacent kernel heap memory onto the externally observable SPI/CAN bus, and the memcpy also over-reads the skb; the stack/heap corruption further yields disclosure primitives.\nI:H - Up to 247 bytes of attacker-controlled data are written past a 14-byte kernel stack buffer, overwriting the canary, saved registers and return address, plus a matching slab overflow \u2014 a classic control-flow hijack and arbitrary-write primitive enabling privilege escalation.\nA:H - The stack smash trips the stack protector (panic) or corrupts the workqueue thread\u0027s frame, and the concurrent slab overflow corrupts neighbouring heap objects, reliably producing a kernel oops or panic."
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    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:06:54.724Z",
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          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncan: hi311x: populate ndo_change_mtu() to prevent buffer overflow\n\nSending an PF_PACKET allows to bypass the CAN framework logic and to\ndirectly reach the xmit() function of a CAN driver. The only check\nwhich is performed by the PF_PACKET framework is to make sure that\nskb-\u003elen fits the interface\u0027s MTU.\n\nUnfortunately, because the sun4i_can driver does not populate its\nnet_device_ops-\u003endo_change_mtu(), it is possible for an attacker to\nconfigure an invalid MTU by doing, for example:\n\n  $ ip link set can0 mtu 9999\n\nAfter doing so, the attacker could open a PF_PACKET socket using the\nETH_P_CANXL protocol:\n\n\tsocket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_CANXL))\n\nto inject a malicious CAN XL frames. For example:\n\n\tstruct canxl_frame frame = {\n\t\t.flags = 0xff,\n\t\t.len = 2048,\n\t};\n\nThe CAN drivers\u0027 xmit() function are calling can_dev_dropped_skb() to\ncheck that the skb is valid, unfortunately under above conditions, the\nmalicious packet is able to go through can_dev_dropped_skb() checks:\n\n  1. the skb-\u003eprotocol is set to ETH_P_CANXL which is valid (the\n     function does not check the actual device capabilities).\n\n  2. the length is a valid CAN XL length.\n\nAnd so, hi3110_hard_start_xmit() receives a CAN XL frame which it is\nnot able to correctly handle and will thus misinterpret it as a CAN\nframe. The driver will consume frame-\u003elen as-is with no further\nchecks.\n\nThis can result in a buffer overflow later on in hi3110_hw_tx() on\nthis line:\n\n\tmemcpy(buf + HI3110_FIFO_EXT_DATA_OFF,\n\t       frame-\u003edata, frame-\u003elen);\n\nHere, frame-\u003elen corresponds to the flags field of the CAN XL frame.\nIn our previous example, we set canxl_frame-\u003eflags to 0xff. Because\nthe maximum expected length is 8, a buffer overflow of 247 bytes\noccurs!\n\nPopulate net_device_ops-\u003endo_change_mtu() to ensure that the\ninterface\u0027s MTU can not be set to anything bigger than CAN_MTU. By\nfixing the root cause, this prevents the buffer overflow."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-39987",
        "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:24:04.797",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-10-15T08:15:36.783",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/57d332ce8c921d0e340650470bb0c1d707f216ee"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7ab85762274c0fa997f0ef9a2307b2001aae43c4"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8f351db6b2367991f0736b2cff082f5de4872113"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac1c7656fa717f29fac3ea073af63f0b9919ec9a"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be1b25005fd0f9d4e78bec6695711ef87ee33398"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/def814b4ba31b563584061d6895d5ff447d5bc14"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e77fdf9e33a83a08f04ab0cb68c19ddb365a622f"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f2c247e9581024d8b3dd44cbe086bf2bebbef42c"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "None",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:18:45+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39987",
      "id": "CVE-2025-39987",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-10-15T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: can: hi311x: populate ndo_change_mtu() to prevent buffer overflow",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-39987.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-31T00:18:09Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39987",
      "id": "CVE-2025-39987",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-10-16T23:24:20Z",
      "product_status:first_fixed": "2",
      "product_status:known_affected": "394",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "387",
      "product_status:recommended": "464",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-39987",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-39987.json",
      "version": "45"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

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