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CVE-2025-39980 (GCVE-0-2025-39980)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-15 07:56 – Updated: 2026-09-08 08:42
VLAI
Title
nexthop: Forbid FDB status change while nexthop is in a group
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nexthop: Forbid FDB status change while nexthop is in a group The kernel forbids the creation of non-FDB nexthop groups with FDB nexthops: # ip nexthop add id 1 via 192.0.2.1 fdb # ip nexthop add id 2 group 1 Error: Non FDB nexthop group cannot have fdb nexthops. And vice versa: # ip nexthop add id 3 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1 # ip nexthop add id 4 group 3 fdb Error: FDB nexthop group can only have fdb nexthops. However, as long as no routes are pointing to a non-FDB nexthop group, the kernel allows changing the type of a nexthop from FDB to non-FDB and vice versa: # ip nexthop add id 5 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1 # ip nexthop add id 6 group 5 # ip nexthop replace id 5 via 192.0.2.2 fdb # echo $? 0 This configuration is invalid and can result in a NPD [1] since FDB nexthops are not associated with a nexthop device: # ip route add 198.51.100.1/32 nhid 6 # ping 198.51.100.1 Fix by preventing nexthop FDB status change while the nexthop is in a group: # ip nexthop add id 7 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1 # ip nexthop add id 8 group 7 # ip nexthop replace id 7 via 192.0.2.2 fdb Error: Cannot change nexthop FDB status while in a group. [1] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 00000000000003c0 [...] Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 367 Comm: ping Not tainted 6.17.0-rc6-virtme-gb65678cacc03 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary) Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-4.fc41 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:fib_lookup_good_nhc+0x1e/0x80 [...] Call Trace: <TASK> fib_table_lookup+0x541/0x650 ip_route_output_key_hash_rcu+0x2ea/0x970 ip_route_output_key_hash+0x55/0x80 __ip4_datagram_connect+0x250/0x330 udp_connect+0x2b/0x60 __sys_connect+0x9c/0xd0 __x64_sys_connect+0x18/0x20 do_syscall_64+0xa4/0x2a0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111 , < e1e87ac0daacd51f522ecd1645cd76b5809303ed (git)
Affected: 38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111 , < 0e7bfe7a268ccbd7859730c529161cafbf44637c (git)
Affected: 38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111 , < ec428fff792b7bd15b248dafca2e654b666b1304 (git)
Affected: 38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111 , < 24046d31f6f92220852d393d510b6062843e3fbd (git)
Affected: 38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111 , < f0e49fd13afe9dea7a09a1c9537fd00cea22badb (git)
Affected: 38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111 , < 8dd4aa0122885f710930de135af2adc4ccc3238f (git)
Affected: 38428d68719c454d269cb03b776d8a4b0ad66111 , < 390b3a300d7872cef9588f003b204398be69ce08 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 5.8
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.8 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.245 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.194 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.155 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.109 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.50 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16.10 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
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      "title": "nexthop: Forbid FDB status change while nexthop is in a group",
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5 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1\\n # ip nexthop add id 6 group 5\\n # ip nexthop replace id 5 via 192.0.2.2 fdb\\n # echo $?\\n 0\\n\\nThis configuration is invalid and can result in a NPD [1] since FDB\\nnexthops are not associated with a nexthop device:\\n\\n # ip route add 198.51.100.1/32 nhid 6\\n # ping 198.51.100.1\\n\\nFix by preventing nexthop FDB status change while the nexthop is in a\\ngroup:\\n\\n # ip nexthop add id 7 via 192.0.2.2 dev dummy1\\n # ip nexthop add id 8 group 7\\n # ip nexthop replace id 7 via 192.0.2.2 fdb\\n Error: Cannot change nexthop FDB status while in a group.\\n\\n[1]\\nBUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 00000000000003c0\\n[...]\\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP\\nCPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 367 Comm: ping Not tainted 6.17.0-rc6-virtme-gb65678cacc03 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary)\\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-4.fc41 04/01/2014\\nRIP: 0010:fib_lookup_good_nhc+0x1e/0x80\\n[...]\\nCall Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n fib_table_lookup+0x541/0x650\\n ip_route_output_key_hash_rcu+0x2ea/0x970\\n ip_route_output_key_hash+0x55/0x80\\n __ip4_datagram_connect+0x250/0x330\\n udp_connect+0x2b/0x60\\n __sys_connect+0x9c/0xd0\\n __x64_sys_connect+0x18/0x20\\n do_syscall_64+0xa4/0x2a0\\n 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S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0e7bfe7a268ccbd7859730c529161cafbf44637c\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/24046d31f6f92220852d393d510b6062843e3fbd\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/390b3a300d7872cef9588f003b204398be69ce08\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8dd4aa0122885f710930de135af2adc4ccc3238f\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e1e87ac0daacd51f522ecd1645cd76b5809303ed\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec428fff792b7bd15b248dafca2e654b666b1304\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f0e49fd13afe9dea7a09a1c9537fd00cea22badb\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T01:28:19+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39980",
      "id": "CVE-2025-39980",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-10-15T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "184",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "90",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: nexthop: Forbid FDB status change while nexthop is in a group",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-39980.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-28T16:56:40Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39980",
      "id": "CVE-2025-39980",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-10-16T23:24:30Z",
      "product_status:first_fixed": "2",
      "product_status:known_affected": "571",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "213",
      "product_status:recommended": "464",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-39980",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-39980.json",
      "version": "38"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.