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CVE-2025-38580 (GCVE-0-2025-38580)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-19 17:03 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:03
VLAI
Title
ext4: fix inode use after free in ext4_end_io_rsv_work()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: fix inode use after free in ext4_end_io_rsv_work() In ext4_io_end_defer_completion(), check if io_end->list_vec is empty to avoid adding an io_end that requires no conversion to the i_rsv_conversion_list, which in turn prevents starting an unnecessary worker. An ext4_emergency_state() check is also added to avoid attempting to abort the journal in an emergency state. Additionally, ext4_put_io_end_defer() is refactored to call ext4_io_end_defer_completion() directly instead of being open-coded. This also prevents starting an unnecessary worker when EXT4_IO_END_FAILED is set but data_err=abort is not enabled. This ensures that the check in ext4_put_io_end_defer() is consistent with the check in ext4_end_bio(). Otherwise, we might add an io_end to the i_rsv_conversion_list and then call ext4_finish_bio(), after which the inode could be freed before ext4_end_io_rsv_work() is called, triggering a use-after-free issue.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: ce51afb8cc5e1867ea0dfdf5e92ddbe31a1fad5d , < ac999862b98a0f49e858e509f776be51406f1e77 (git)
Affected: ce51afb8cc5e1867ea0dfdf5e92ddbe31a1fad5d , < 469c44e66e2110054949609dde095788320139d0 (git)
Affected: ce51afb8cc5e1867ea0dfdf5e92ddbe31a1fad5d , < c678bdc998754589cea2e6afab9401d7d8312ac4 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 6.15
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.15 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15.10 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16.1 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "fs/ext4/page-io.c"
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\next4: fix inode use after free in ext4_end_io_rsv_work()\n\nIn ext4_io_end_defer_completion(), check if io_end-\u003elist_vec is empty to\navoid adding an io_end that requires no conversion to the\ni_rsv_conversion_list, which in turn prevents starting an unnecessary\nworker. An ext4_emergency_state() check is also added to avoid attempting\nto abort the journal in an emergency state.\n\nAdditionally, ext4_put_io_end_defer() is refactored to call\next4_io_end_defer_completion() directly instead of being open-coded.\nThis also prevents starting an unnecessary worker when EXT4_IO_END_FAILED\nis set but data_err=abort is not enabled.\n\nThis ensures that the check in ext4_put_io_end_defer() is consistent with\nthe check in ext4_end_bio(). Otherwise, we might add an io_end to the\ni_rsv_conversion_list and then call ext4_finish_bio(), after which the\ninode could be freed before ext4_end_io_rsv_work() is called, triggering\na use-after-free issue."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is entered by ordinary buffered writes to a file on a locally mounted ext4 filesystem, reached through the write()/writeback path with no network protocol involved. Filesystem writeback bugs of this class are local-access only.\nAC:L - The vulnerable predicate mismatch is hit under the default data_err=ignore mount option with no rare config required, and the attacker controls the decisive side of the race \u2014 after ext4_finish_bio() clears writeback, they force inode eviction via unlink+close while stalling the rsv_conversion workqueue. Writeback bio failures are themselves inducible locally (dm-thin/thin-pool ENOSPC by writing data, network block devices, removable media, worn eMMC on embedded/automotive).\nPR:L - Any unprivileged local user with write access to any ext4 filesystem (home directory, /tmp, a container overlay upper dir) can drive buffered writeback into ext4_end_bio(). No capability, ioctl, mount privilege, or user-namespace trick is needed.\nUI:N - The attacker writes and unlinks their own files and triggers eviction themselves; no victim action, no mounting of a crafted image, and no cooperation from another user is required.\nS:U - The freed ext4_inode_info and the dangling io_end-\u003einode dereference are both kernel objects in the same security authority as the attacking process, with no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed. This is standard local kernel memory corruption.\nC:H - ext4_end_io_end() reads the freed inode\u0027s i_sb and dereferences EXT4_SB(sb)-\u003es_journal, so grooming the reclaimed ext4_inode_cachep slot turns the stale pointer into an attacker-directed kernel read that can be used for disclosure. Per kernel scoring guidance a use-after-free giving control over freed object contents is High.\nI:H - The worker performs writes into freed memory \u2014 process_one_work() updates work-\u003edata, and ext4_do_flush_completed_IO() takes i_completed_io_lock and does list_replace_init() on the freed list head \u2014 so a reallocated live inode has its i_rsv_conversion_list hijacked, yielding list corruption and io_end double-free primitives suitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - Even unexploited, the use-after-free reliably produces a KASAN splat, oops, or panic in ext4_end_io_rsv_work(), and taking a spinlock inside freed/reused memory can hang the rsv_conversion workqueue. Any kernel crash is scored High."
            }
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        "shortName": "Linux"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac999862b98a0f49e858e509f776be51406f1e77"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/469c44e66e2110054949609dde095788320139d0"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c678bdc998754589cea2e6afab9401d7d8312ac4"
        }
      ],
      "title": "ext4: fix inode use after free in ext4_end_io_rsv_work()",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38580",
    "datePublished": "2025-08-19T17:03:03.018Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.026Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:03:07.727Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
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  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
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      "date": "2026-09-14",
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An ext4_emergency_state() check is also added to avoid attempting\\nto abort the journal in an emergency state.\\n\\nAdditionally, ext4_put_io_end_defer() is refactored to call\\next4_io_end_defer_completion() directly instead of being open-coded.\\nThis also prevents starting an unnecessary worker when EXT4_IO_END_FAILED\\nis set but data_err=abort is not enabled.\\n\\nThis ensures that the check in ext4_put_io_end_defer() is consistent with\\nthe check in ext4_end_bio(). Otherwise, we might add an io_end to the\\ni_rsv_conversion_list and then call ext4_finish_bio(), after which the\\ninode could be freed before ext4_end_io_rsv_work() is called, triggering\\na use-after-free issue.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: ext4: se corrige el uso de inodo use after free en ext4_end_io_rsv_work() En ext4_io_end_defer_completion(), se comprueba si io_end-\u0026gt;list_vec est\u00e1 vac\u00edo para evitar a\u00f1adir un io_end que no requiere conversi\u00f3n a i_rsv_conversion_list, lo que a su vez impide iniciar un trabajador innecesario. Tambi\u00e9n se a\u00f1ade una comprobaci\u00f3n ext4_emergency_state() para evitar intentar abortar el diario en un estado de emergencia. Adem\u00e1s, ext4_put_io_end_defer() se refactoriza para llamar a ext4_io_end_defer_completion() directamente en lugar de estar en c\u00f3digo abierto. Esto tambi\u00e9n impide iniciar un trabajador innecesario cuando EXT4_IO_END_FAILED est\u00e1 configurado pero data_err=abort no est\u00e1 habilitado. Esto garantiza que la comprobaci\u00f3n en ext4_put_io_end_defer() sea coherente con la comprobaci\u00f3n en ext4_end_bio(). De lo contrario, podr\u00edamos agregar un io_end a i_rsv_conversion_list y luego llamar a ext4_finish_bio(), despu\u00e9s de lo cual el inodo podr\u00eda liberarse antes de que se llame a ext4_end_io_rsv_work(), lo que desencadenar\u00eda un problema de use-after-free.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/ext4/page-io.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"ce51afb8cc5e1867ea0dfdf5e92ddbe31a1fad5d\",\"lessThan\":\"ac999862b98a0f49e858e509f776be51406f1e77\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"ce51afb8cc5e1867ea0dfdf5e92ddbe31a1fad5d\",\"lessThan\":\"469c44e66e2110054949609dde095788320139d0\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"ce51afb8cc5e1867ea0dfdf5e92ddbe31a1fad5d\",\"lessThan\":\"c678bdc998754589cea2e6afab9401d7d8312ac4\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/ext4/page-io.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"6.15\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"6.15\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15.10\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16.1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.16.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-416\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.15\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.15.10\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2EA7D98E-F04C-44BE-AC61-F5ADC4C88EC6\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.16.1\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"58182352-D7DF-4CC9-841E-03C1D852C3FB\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/469c44e66e2110054949609dde095788320139d0\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac999862b98a0f49e858e509f776be51406f1e77\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c678bdc998754589cea2e6afab9401d7d8312ac4\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "None",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:26:10+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38580",
      "id": "CVE-2025-38580",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-08-19T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: ext4: fix inode use after free in ext4_end_io_rsv_work()",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38580.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-31T00:19:25Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38580",
      "id": "CVE-2025-38580",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-08-19T23:23:32Z",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "524",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-38580",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-38580.json",
      "version": "8"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.