CVE-2025-11578 (GCVE-0-2025-11578)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-10 22:44 – Updated: 2025-12-02 20:08
VLAI
Title
Pre-Receive Hook Path Collision Vulnerability in GitHub Enterprise Server Allowing Privilege Escalation
Summary
A privilege escalation vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed an authenticated Enterprise admin to gain root SSH access to the appliance by exploiting a symlink escape in pre-receive hook environments. By crafting a malicious repository and environment, an attacker could replace system binaries during hook cleanup and execute a payload that adds their own SSH key to the root user’s authorized keys—thereby granting themselves root SSH access to the server. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker needed to have enterprise admin privileges. This vulnerability affected all versions of GitHub Enterprise Server prior to 3.19, and was fixed in versions 3.14.20, 3.15.15, 3.16.11, 3.17.8, 3.18.2. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-12 17:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
Assigner
GitHub_P CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 28 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
GitHub Enterprise Server Affected: 3.14 , ≤ 3.14.19 (semver)
Affected: 3.15 , ≤ 3.15.14 (semver)
Affected: 3.16 , ≤ 3.16.10 (semver)
Affected: 3.17 , ≤ 3.17.7 (semver)
Affected: 3.18 , ≤ 3.18.1 (semver)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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                  "value": "\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003eA privilege escalation vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed an authenticated Enterprise admin to gain root SSH access to the appliance by exploiting a symlink escape in pre-receive hook environments. By crafting a malicious repository and environment, an attacker could replace system binaries during hook cleanup and execute a payload that adds their own SSH key to the root user\u2019s authorized keys\u2014thereby granting themselves root SSH access to the server. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker needed to have enterprise admin privileges. This vulnerability affected all versions of GitHub Enterprise Server prior to 3.19, and was fixed in versions 3.14.20, 3.15.15, 3.16.11, 3.17.8, 3.18.2. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"
                }
              ],
              "value": "A privilege escalation vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed an authenticated Enterprise admin to gain root SSH access to the appliance by exploiting a symlink escape in pre-receive hook environments. By crafting a malicious repository and environment, an attacker could replace system binaries during hook cleanup and execute a payload that adds their own SSH key to the root user\u2019s authorized keys\u2014thereby granting themselves root SSH access to the server. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker needed to have enterprise admin privileges. This vulnerability affected all versions of GitHub Enterprise Server prior to 3.19, and was fixed in versions 3.14.20, 3.15.15, 3.16.11, 3.17.8, 3.18.2. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program."
            }
          ],
          "impacts": [
            {
              "capecId": "CAPEC-233",
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "CAPEC-233 Privilege Escalation"
                }
              ]
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          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV4_0": {
                "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "baseScore": 7.5,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
                "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
              },
              "format": "CVSS",
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "GENERAL"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-59",
                  "description": "CWE-59 Improper Link Resolution Before File Access (\u0027Link Following\u0027)",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2025-12-02T20:08:21.684Z",
            "orgId": "82327ea3-741d-41e4-88f8-2cf9e791e760",
            "shortName": "GitHub_P"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.14/admin/release-notes#3.14.20"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.15/admin/release-notes#3.15.15"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.16/admin/release-notes#3.16.11"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.17/admin/release-notes#3.17.8"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.18/admin/release-notes#3.18.2"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "Pre-Receive Hook Path Collision Vulnerability in GitHub Enterprise Server Allowing Privilege Escalation",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "82327ea3-741d-41e4-88f8-2cf9e791e760",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_P",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-11578",
        "datePublished": "2025-11-10T22:44:33.200Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-10-10T07:00:07.064Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-12-02T20:08:21.684Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.


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