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CVE-2023-53291 (GCVE-0-2023-53291)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-16 08:11 – Updated: 2026-05-11 19:42
VLAI
Title
rcu/rcuscale: Stop kfree_scale_thread thread(s) after unloading rcuscale
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rcu/rcuscale: Stop kfree_scale_thread thread(s) after unloading rcuscale Running the 'kfree_rcu_test' test case [1] results in a splat [2]. The root cause is the kfree_scale_thread thread(s) continue running after unloading the rcuscale module. This commit fixes that isue by invoking kfree_scale_cleanup() from rcu_scale_cleanup() when removing the rcuscale module. [1] modprobe rcuscale kfree_rcu_test=1 // After some time rmmod rcuscale rmmod torture [2] BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffffffc0601a87 #PF: supervisor instruction fetch in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0010) - not-present page PGD 11de4f067 P4D 11de4f067 PUD 11de51067 PMD 112f4d067 PTE 0 Oops: 0010 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI CPU: 1 PID: 1798 Comm: kfree_scale_thr Not tainted 6.3.0-rc1-rcu+ #1 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015 RIP: 0010:0xffffffffc0601a87 Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at 0xffffffffc0601a5d. RSP: 0018:ffffb25bc2e57e18 EFLAGS: 00010297 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffffffc061f0b6 RCX: 0000000000000000 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff962fd0de RDI: ffffffff962fd0de RBP: ffffb25bc2e57ea8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 000000000000000a R15: 00000000001c1dbe FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff921fa2200000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: ffffffffc0601a5d CR3: 000000011de4c006 CR4: 0000000000370ee0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: <TASK> ? kvfree_call_rcu+0xf0/0x3a0 ? kthread+0xf3/0x120 ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20 ? ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 </TASK> Modules linked in: rfkill sunrpc ... [last unloaded: torture] CR2: ffffffffc0601a87 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-14 18:11 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: e6e78b004fa7e0ab455d46d27f218bf6ce178a18 , < 604d6a5ff718874904b0fe614878a42b42c0d699 (git)
Affected: e6e78b004fa7e0ab455d46d27f218bf6ce178a18 , < f766d45ab294871a3d588ee76c666852f151cad9 (git)
Affected: e6e78b004fa7e0ab455d46d27f218bf6ce178a18 , < b8a6ba524d41f4da102e65f90498d9a910839621 (git)
Affected: e6e78b004fa7e0ab455d46d27f218bf6ce178a18 , < 1dd7547c7610723b2b6afe1a3c4ddb2bde63387c (git)
Affected: e6e78b004fa7e0ab455d46d27f218bf6ce178a18 , < 29b1da4f90fc42c91beb4e400d926194925ad31b (git)
Affected: e6e78b004fa7e0ab455d46d27f218bf6ce178a18 , < 23fc8df26dead16687ae6eb47b0561a4a832e2f6 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.6
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.6 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.188 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.121 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.39 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.3.13 , ≤ 6.3.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.4.4 , ≤ 6.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.5 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
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            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nrcu/rcuscale: Stop kfree_scale_thread thread(s) after unloading rcuscale\n\nRunning the \u0027kfree_rcu_test\u0027 test case [1] results in a splat [2].\nThe root cause is the kfree_scale_thread thread(s) continue running\nafter unloading the rcuscale module.  This commit fixes that isue by\ninvoking kfree_scale_cleanup() from rcu_scale_cleanup() when removing\nthe rcuscale module.\n\n[1] modprobe rcuscale kfree_rcu_test=1\n    // After some time\n    rmmod rcuscale\n    rmmod torture\n\n[2] BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffffffc0601a87\n    #PF: supervisor instruction fetch in kernel mode\n    #PF: error_code(0x0010) - not-present page\n    PGD 11de4f067 P4D 11de4f067 PUD 11de51067 PMD 112f4d067 PTE 0\n    Oops: 0010 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI\n    CPU: 1 PID: 1798 Comm: kfree_scale_thr Not tainted 6.3.0-rc1-rcu+ #1\n    Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n    RIP: 0010:0xffffffffc0601a87\n    Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at 0xffffffffc0601a5d.\n    RSP: 0018:ffffb25bc2e57e18 EFLAGS: 00010297\n    RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffffffc061f0b6 RCX: 0000000000000000\n    RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff962fd0de RDI: ffffffff962fd0de\n    RBP: ffffb25bc2e57ea8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000\n    R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 0000000000000000\n    R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 000000000000000a R15: 00000000001c1dbe\n    FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff921fa2200000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n    CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n    CR2: ffffffffc0601a5d CR3: 000000011de4c006 CR4: 0000000000370ee0\n    DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\n    DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400\n    Call Trace:\n     \u003cTASK\u003e\n     ? kvfree_call_rcu+0xf0/0x3a0\n     ? kthread+0xf3/0x120\n     ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20\n     ? ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30\n     \u003c/TASK\u003e\n    Modules linked in: rfkill sunrpc ... [last unloaded: torture]\n    CR2: ffffffffc0601a87\n    ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---"
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        "id": "CVE-2023-53291",
        "lastModified": "2026-06-17T06:44:45.593",
        "metrics": {
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          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
        "weaknesses": [
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            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Low",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:30:18+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2023-53291",
      "id": "CVE-2023-53291",
      "initial_release_date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "108",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "166",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: Linux kernel: Denial of Service due to improper thread termination in rcuscale module",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2023/cve-2023-53291.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-11T02:22:20Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2023-53291",
      "id": "CVE-2023-53291",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-09-16T23:30:10Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "455",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "332",
      "product_status:recommended": "310",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2023-53291",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2023-53291.json",
      "version": "47"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
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                  "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                  "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
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                  "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                  "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                  "userInteraction": "NONE",
                  "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                  "version": "3.1"
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              {
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                    "options": [
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                      },
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                      },
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                      }
                    ],
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                    "timestamp": "2026-01-14T18:11:07.607544Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "problemTypes": [
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                "descriptions": [
                  {
                    "description": "CWE-noinfo Not enough information",
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "CWE"
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            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-01-14T18:11:03.393Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
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              "product": "Linux",
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              "versions": [
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                  "versionType": "semver"
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                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.3.13",
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                  "version": "6.4.4",
                  "versionType": "semver"
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                  "status": "unaffected",
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                  "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
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          ],
          "cpeApplicability": [
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nrcu/rcuscale: Stop kfree_scale_thread thread(s) after unloading rcuscale\n\nRunning the \u0027kfree_rcu_test\u0027 test case [1] results in a splat [2].\nThe root cause is the kfree_scale_thread thread(s) continue running\nafter unloading the rcuscale module.  This commit fixes that isue by\ninvoking kfree_scale_cleanup() from rcu_scale_cleanup() when removing\nthe rcuscale module.\n\n[1] modprobe rcuscale kfree_rcu_test=1\n    // After some time\n    rmmod rcuscale\n    rmmod torture\n\n[2] BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffffffc0601a87\n    #PF: supervisor instruction fetch in kernel mode\n    #PF: error_code(0x0010) - not-present page\n    PGD 11de4f067 P4D 11de4f067 PUD 11de51067 PMD 112f4d067 PTE 0\n    Oops: 0010 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI\n    CPU: 1 PID: 1798 Comm: kfree_scale_thr Not tainted 6.3.0-rc1-rcu+ #1\n    Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n    RIP: 0010:0xffffffffc0601a87\n    Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at 0xffffffffc0601a5d.\n    RSP: 0018:ffffb25bc2e57e18 EFLAGS: 00010297\n    RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffffffc061f0b6 RCX: 0000000000000000\n    RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff962fd0de RDI: ffffffff962fd0de\n    RBP: ffffb25bc2e57ea8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000\n    R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 0000000000000000\n    R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 000000000000000a R15: 00000000001c1dbe\n    FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff921fa2200000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n    CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n    CR2: ffffffffc0601a5d CR3: 000000011de4c006 CR4: 0000000000370ee0\n    DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\n    DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400\n    Call Trace:\n     \u003cTASK\u003e\n     ? kvfree_call_rcu+0xf0/0x3a0\n     ? kthread+0xf3/0x120\n     ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20\n     ? ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30\n     \u003c/TASK\u003e\n    Modules linked in: rfkill sunrpc ... [last unloaded: torture]\n    CR2: ffffffffc0601a87\n    ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---"
            }
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          "title": "rcu/rcuscale: Stop kfree_scale_thread thread(s) after unloading rcuscale",
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        "datePublished": "2025-09-16T08:11:23.666Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-09-16T08:09:37.992Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-01-14T18:12:56.096Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
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}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.