CVE-2025-24981 (GCVE-0-2025-24981)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5

Published

2025-02-06 17:26

Modified

2025-02-12 19:51

Severity ?

9.3 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:L

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Summary

MDC is a tool to take regular Markdown and write documents interacting deeply with a Vue component. In affected versions unsafe parsing logic of the URL from markdown can lead to arbitrary JavaScript code due to a bypass to the existing guards around the `javascript:` protocol scheme in the URL. The parsing logic implement in `props.ts` maintains a deny-list approach to filtering potential malicious payload. It does so by matching protocol schemes like `javascript:` and others. These security guards can be bypassed by an adversarial that provides JavaScript URLs with HTML entities encoded via hex string. Users who consume this library and perform markdown parsing from unvalidated sources could result in rendering vulnerable XSS anchor links. This vulnerability has been addressed in version 0.13.3 and all users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

References

URL

Tags

	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nuxt-modules/mdc/blob/main/src/runtime/parser/utils/props.ts#L16
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nuxt-modules/mdc/commit/99097738b5561639e9bf247c55d8103236618bf3
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nuxt-modules/mdc/security/advisories/GHSA-j82m-pc2v-2484

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	nuxt-modules	mdc	Version: < 0.13.3

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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ghsa-j82m-pc2v-2484

Vulnerability from github

Published

2025-02-06 17:16

Modified

2025-02-13 16:49

Severity ?

9.3 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:L

Summary

Parsed HTML anchor links in Markdown provided to parseMarkdown can result in XSS in @nuxtjs/mdc

Details

Summary

An unsafe parsing logic of the URL from markdown can lead to arbitrary JavaScript code due to a bypass to the existing guards around the javascript: protocol scheme in the URL.

Details

The parsing logic implement at https://github.com/nuxt-modules/mdc/blob/main/src/runtime/parser/utils/props.ts#L16 maintains a deny-list approach to filtering potential malicious payload. It does so by matching protocol schemes like javascript: and others.

Specifically, this is the code from the mdc library's parser that is not secure enough:

```js export const unsafeLinkPrefix = [ 'javascript:', 'data:text/html', 'vbscript:', 'data:text/javascript', 'data:text/vbscript', 'data:text/css', 'data:text/plain', 'data:text/xml' ]

export const validateProp = (attribute: string, value: string) => { if (attribute.startsWith('on')) { return false }

if (attribute === 'href' || attribute === 'src') { return !unsafeLinkPrefix.some(prefix => value.toLowerCase().startsWith(prefix)) }

return true } ```

These security guards can be bypassed by an adversarial that provides JavaScript URLs with HTML entities encoded via hex string.

PoC

The following URL payloads if provided to the markdown parsing library (such as through the usage of import { parseMarkdown } from '@nuxtjs/mdc/runtime';) will trigger the alert() dialog:

```markdown

✅ This is correctly escaped by the parser

XSS Attempt:

this gets sanitizied, yay!

❌ These are vulnerable and not escaped

Bypass 1:

Click Me 1

Bypass 2:

Click Me 2

Bypass 3:

Click Me 3 ```

Impact

Users who consume this library and perform markdown parsing from unvalidated sources such as LLM generative text responses, user input and other untrusted sources could result in rendering vulnerable XSS anchor links.

Reference

You may infer the following write-up for more in-depth walkthrough of URL parsing problems and suggestions on how to securely address them: How to Parse URLs from Markdown to HTML Securely?

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.13.2"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@nuxtjs/mdc"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.13.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-24981"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-02-06T17:16:27Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-06T18:15:32Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nAn unsafe parsing logic of the URL from markdown can lead to arbitrary JavaScript code due to a bypass to the existing guards around the `javascript:` protocol scheme in the URL.\n\n### Details\n\nThe parsing logic implement at [https://github.com/nuxt-modules/mdc/blob/main/src/runtime/parser/utils/props.ts#L16](https://github.com/nuxt-modules/mdc/blob/main/src/runtime/parser/utils/props.ts#L16) maintains a deny-list approach to filtering potential malicious payload. It does so by matching protocol schemes like `javascript:` and others.\n\nSpecifically, this is the code from the mdc library\u0027s parser that is not secure enough:\n\n```js\nexport const unsafeLinkPrefix = [\n  \u0027javascript:\u0027,\n  \u0027data:text/html\u0027,\n  \u0027vbscript:\u0027,\n  \u0027data:text/javascript\u0027,\n  \u0027data:text/vbscript\u0027,\n  \u0027data:text/css\u0027,\n  \u0027data:text/plain\u0027,\n  \u0027data:text/xml\u0027\n]\n\nexport const validateProp = (attribute: string, value: string) =\u003e {\n  if (attribute.startsWith(\u0027on\u0027)) {\n    return false\n  }\n\n  if (attribute === \u0027href\u0027 || attribute === \u0027src\u0027) {\n    return !unsafeLinkPrefix.some(prefix =\u003e value.toLowerCase().startsWith(prefix))\n  }\n\n  return true\n}\n```\n\nThese security guards can be bypassed by an adversarial that provides JavaScript URLs with HTML entities encoded via hex string.\n\n### PoC\n\nThe following URL payloads if provided to the markdown parsing library (such as through the usage of `import { parseMarkdown } from \u0027@nuxtjs/mdc/runtime\u0027;`) will trigger the alert() dialog:\n\n```markdown\n# \u2705 This is correctly escaped by the parser\n\n- XSS Attempt:\n\n\u003ca href=\"javascript:alert(1)\"\u003e this gets sanitizied, yay!\u003c/a\u003e\n\n# \u274c These are vulnerable and not escaped\n\n- Bypass 1:\n\n\u003ca href=\"jav\u0026#x09;ascript:alert(\u0027XSS\u0027);\"\u003eClick Me 1\u003c/a\u003e\n\n- Bypass 2:\n\n\u003ca href=\"jav\u0026#x0A;ascript:alert(\u0027XSS\u0027);\"\u003eClick Me 2\u003c/a\u003e\n\n- Bypass 3:\n\n\u003ca href=\"jav\u0026#10;ascript:alert(\u0027XSS\u0027);\"\u003eClick Me 3\u003c/a\u003e\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nUsers who consume this library and perform markdown parsing from unvalidated sources such as LLM generative text responses, user input and other untrusted sources could result in rendering vulnerable XSS anchor links.\n\n## Reference\n\nYou may infer the following write-up for more in-depth walkthrough of URL parsing problems and suggestions on how to securely address them: [How to Parse URLs from Markdown to HTML Securely?](https://www.nodejs-security.com/blog/how-to-parse-urls-from-markdown-to-html-securely)",
  "id": "GHSA-j82m-pc2v-2484",
  "modified": "2025-02-13T16:49:46Z",
  "published": "2025-02-06T17:16:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nuxt-modules/mdc/security/advisories/GHSA-j82m-pc2v-2484"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24981"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nuxt-modules/mdc/commit/99097738b5561639e9bf247c55d8103236618bf3"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nuxt-modules/mdc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nuxt-modules/mdc/blob/main/src/runtime/parser/utils/props.ts#L16"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Parsed HTML anchor links in Markdown provided to parseMarkdown can result in XSS in @nuxtjs/mdc"
}

fkie_cve-2025-24981

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd

Published

2025-02-06 18:15

Modified

2025-02-06 18:15

Severity ?

9.3 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:L

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nuxt-modules/mdc/blob/main/src/runtime/parser/utils/props.ts#L16
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nuxt-modules/mdc/commit/99097738b5561639e9bf247c55d8103236618bf3
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/nuxt-modules/mdc/security/advisories/GHSA-j82m-pc2v-2484

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "MDC is a tool to take regular Markdown and write documents interacting deeply with a Vue component. In affected versions unsafe parsing logic of the URL from markdown can lead to arbitrary JavaScript code due to a bypass to the existing guards around the `javascript:` protocol scheme in the URL. The parsing logic implement in `props.ts` maintains a deny-list approach to filtering potential malicious payload. It does so by matching protocol schemes like `javascript:` and others. These security guards can be bypassed by an adversarial that provides JavaScript URLs with HTML entities encoded via hex string. Users who consume this library and perform markdown parsing from unvalidated sources could result in rendering vulnerable XSS anchor links. This vulnerability has been addressed in version 0.13.3 and all users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "MDC es una herramienta para tomar Markdown regular y escribir documentos que interact\u00faan profundamente con un componente Vue. En las versiones afectadas, la l\u00f3gica de an\u00e1lisis insegura de la URL de Markdown puede generar c\u00f3digo JavaScript arbitrario debido a una omisi\u00f3n de las protecciones existentes en torno al esquema de protocolo `javascript:` en la URL. La l\u00f3gica de an\u00e1lisis implementada en `props.ts` mantiene un enfoque de lista de denegaci\u00f3n para filtrar el payload malicioso potencial. Lo hace al hacer coincidir esquemas de protocolo como `javascript:` y otros. Estas protecciones de seguridad pueden ser omitidas por un adversario que proporcione URL de JavaScript con entidades HTML codificadas a trav\u00e9s de una cadena hexadecimal. Los usuarios que consumen esta librer\u00eda y realizan an\u00e1lisis de Markdown desde fuentes no validadas podr\u00edan generar enlaces de anclaje XSS vulnerables. Esta vulnerabilidad se ha solucionado en la versi\u00f3n 0.13.3 y se recomienda a todos los usuarios que actualicen. No existen workarounds para esta vulnerabilidad."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-24981",
  "lastModified": "2025-02-06T18:15:32.847",
  "metrics": {
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          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
          "baseScore": 9.3,
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:L",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
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        "impactScore": 4.7,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
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  "published": "2025-02-06T18:15:32.847",
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    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/nuxt-modules/mdc/security/advisories/GHSA-j82m-pc2v-2484"
    }
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  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-79"
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}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-24981 (GCVE-0-2025-24981)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5

ghsa-j82m-pc2v-2484

Vulnerability from github

Summary

Details

PoC

✅ This is correctly escaped by the parser

❌ These are vulnerable and not escaped

Impact

Reference

fkie_cve-2025-24981

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature