CVE-2024-53171
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-12-27 13:49
Modified
2024-12-27 13:49
Severity ?
EPSS score ?
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ubifs: authentication: Fix use-after-free in ubifs_tnc_end_commit
After an insertion in TNC, the tree might split and cause a node to
change its `znode->parent`. A further deletion of other nodes in the
tree (which also could free the nodes), the aforementioned node's
`znode->cparent` could still point to a freed node. This
`znode->cparent` may not be updated when getting nodes to commit in
`ubifs_tnc_start_commit()`. This could then trigger a use-after-free
when accessing the `znode->cparent` in `write_index()` in
`ubifs_tnc_end_commit()`.
This can be triggered by running
rm -f /etc/test-file.bin
dd if=/dev/urandom of=/etc/test-file.bin bs=1M count=60 conv=fsync
in a loop, and with `CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_AUTHENTICATION`. KASAN then
reports:
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in ubifs_tnc_end_commit+0xa5c/0x1950
Write of size 32 at addr ffffff800a3af86c by task ubifs_bgt0_20/153
Call trace:
dump_backtrace+0x0/0x340
show_stack+0x18/0x24
dump_stack_lvl+0x9c/0xbc
print_address_description.constprop.0+0x74/0x2b0
kasan_report+0x1d8/0x1f0
kasan_check_range+0xf8/0x1a0
memcpy+0x84/0xf4
ubifs_tnc_end_commit+0xa5c/0x1950
do_commit+0x4e0/0x1340
ubifs_bg_thread+0x234/0x2e0
kthread+0x36c/0x410
ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20
Allocated by task 401:
kasan_save_stack+0x38/0x70
__kasan_kmalloc+0x8c/0xd0
__kmalloc+0x34c/0x5bc
tnc_insert+0x140/0x16a4
ubifs_tnc_add+0x370/0x52c
ubifs_jnl_write_data+0x5d8/0x870
do_writepage+0x36c/0x510
ubifs_writepage+0x190/0x4dc
__writepage+0x58/0x154
write_cache_pages+0x394/0x830
do_writepages+0x1f0/0x5b0
filemap_fdatawrite_wbc+0x170/0x25c
file_write_and_wait_range+0x140/0x190
ubifs_fsync+0xe8/0x290
vfs_fsync_range+0xc0/0x1e4
do_fsync+0x40/0x90
__arm64_sys_fsync+0x34/0x50
invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0xa8/0x260
do_el0_svc+0xc8/0x1f0
el0_svc+0x34/0x70
el0t_64_sync_handler+0x108/0x114
el0t_64_sync+0x1a4/0x1a8
Freed by task 403:
kasan_save_stack+0x38/0x70
kasan_set_track+0x28/0x40
kasan_set_free_info+0x28/0x4c
__kasan_slab_free+0xd4/0x13c
kfree+0xc4/0x3a0
tnc_delete+0x3f4/0xe40
ubifs_tnc_remove_range+0x368/0x73c
ubifs_tnc_remove_ino+0x29c/0x2e0
ubifs_jnl_delete_inode+0x150/0x260
ubifs_evict_inode+0x1d4/0x2e4
evict+0x1c8/0x450
iput+0x2a0/0x3c4
do_unlinkat+0x2cc/0x490
__arm64_sys_unlinkat+0x90/0x100
invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0xa8/0x260
do_el0_svc+0xc8/0x1f0
el0_svc+0x34/0x70
el0t_64_sync_handler+0x108/0x114
el0t_64_sync+0x1a4/0x1a8
The offending `memcpy()` in `ubifs_copy_hash()` has a use-after-free
when a node becomes root in TNC but still has a `cparent` to an already
freed node. More specifically, consider the following TNC:
zroot
/
/
zp1
/
/
zn
Inserting a new node `zn_new` with a key smaller then `zn` will trigger
a split in `tnc_insert()` if `zp1` is full:
zroot
/ \
/ \
zp1 zp2
/ \
/ \
zn_new zn
`zn->parent` has now been moved to `zp2`, *but* `zn->cparent` still
points to `zp1`.
Now, consider a removal of all the nodes _except_ `zn`. Just when
`tnc_delete()` is about to delete `zroot` and `zp2`:
zroot
\
\
zp2
\
\
zn
`zroot` and `zp2` get freed and the tree collapses:
zn
`zn` now becomes the new `zroot`.
`get_znodes_to_commit()` will now only find `zn`, the new `zroot`, and
`write_index()` will check its `znode->cparent` that wrongly points to
the already freed `zp1`. `ubifs_copy_hash()` thus gets wrongly called
with `znode->cparent->zbranch[znode->iip].hash` that triggers the
use-after-free!
Fix this by explicitly setting `znode->cparent` to `NULL` in
`get_znodes_to_commit()` for the root node. The search for the dirty
nodes
---truncated---
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▼ | Linux | Linux |
Version: 16a26b20d2afd0cf063816725b45b12e78d5bb31 Version: 16a26b20d2afd0cf063816725b45b12e78d5bb31 Version: 16a26b20d2afd0cf063816725b45b12e78d5bb31 Version: 16a26b20d2afd0cf063816725b45b12e78d5bb31 Version: 16a26b20d2afd0cf063816725b45b12e78d5bb31 Version: 16a26b20d2afd0cf063816725b45b12e78d5bb31 Version: 16a26b20d2afd0cf063816725b45b12e78d5bb31 Version: 16a26b20d2afd0cf063816725b45b12e78d5bb31 |
||||
|
|||||||
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"fs/ubifs/tnc_commit.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "daac4aa1825de0dbc1a6eede2fa7f9fc53f14223",
"status": "affected",
"version": "16a26b20d2afd0cf063816725b45b12e78d5bb31",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "8d8b3f5f4cbfbf6cb0ea4a4d5dc296872b4151eb",
"status": "affected",
"version": "16a26b20d2afd0cf063816725b45b12e78d5bb31",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "4d9807048b851d7a58d5bd089c16254af896e4df",
"status": "affected",
"version": "16a26b20d2afd0cf063816725b45b12e78d5bb31",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "74981f7577d183acad1cd58f74c10d263711a215",
"status": "affected",
"version": "16a26b20d2afd0cf063816725b45b12e78d5bb31",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "01d3a2293d7e4edfff96618c15727db7e51f11b6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "16a26b20d2afd0cf063816725b45b12e78d5bb31",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "398a91599d263e41c5f95a2fd4ebdb6280b5c6c3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "16a26b20d2afd0cf063816725b45b12e78d5bb31",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "2497479aecebe869d23a0064e0fd1a03e34f0e2a",
"status": "affected",
"version": "16a26b20d2afd0cf063816725b45b12e78d5bb31",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "4617fb8fc15effe8eda4dd898d4e33eb537a7140",
"status": "affected",
"version": "16a26b20d2afd0cf063816725b45b12e78d5bb31",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"fs/ubifs/tnc_commit.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.20"
},
{
"lessThan": "4.20",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.4.287",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.10.231",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.174",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.120",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.64",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.11.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.11.11",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.2",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.13-rc1",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nubifs: authentication: Fix use-after-free in ubifs_tnc_end_commit\n\nAfter an insertion in TNC, the tree might split and cause a node to\nchange its `znode-\u003eparent`. A further deletion of other nodes in the\ntree (which also could free the nodes), the aforementioned node\u0027s\n`znode-\u003ecparent` could still point to a freed node. This\n`znode-\u003ecparent` may not be updated when getting nodes to commit in\n`ubifs_tnc_start_commit()`. This could then trigger a use-after-free\nwhen accessing the `znode-\u003ecparent` in `write_index()` in\n`ubifs_tnc_end_commit()`.\n\nThis can be triggered by running\n\n rm -f /etc/test-file.bin\n dd if=/dev/urandom of=/etc/test-file.bin bs=1M count=60 conv=fsync\n\nin a loop, and with `CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_AUTHENTICATION`. KASAN then\nreports:\n\n BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in ubifs_tnc_end_commit+0xa5c/0x1950\n Write of size 32 at addr ffffff800a3af86c by task ubifs_bgt0_20/153\n\n Call trace:\n dump_backtrace+0x0/0x340\n show_stack+0x18/0x24\n dump_stack_lvl+0x9c/0xbc\n print_address_description.constprop.0+0x74/0x2b0\n kasan_report+0x1d8/0x1f0\n kasan_check_range+0xf8/0x1a0\n memcpy+0x84/0xf4\n ubifs_tnc_end_commit+0xa5c/0x1950\n do_commit+0x4e0/0x1340\n ubifs_bg_thread+0x234/0x2e0\n kthread+0x36c/0x410\n ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20\n\n Allocated by task 401:\n kasan_save_stack+0x38/0x70\n __kasan_kmalloc+0x8c/0xd0\n __kmalloc+0x34c/0x5bc\n tnc_insert+0x140/0x16a4\n ubifs_tnc_add+0x370/0x52c\n ubifs_jnl_write_data+0x5d8/0x870\n do_writepage+0x36c/0x510\n ubifs_writepage+0x190/0x4dc\n __writepage+0x58/0x154\n write_cache_pages+0x394/0x830\n do_writepages+0x1f0/0x5b0\n filemap_fdatawrite_wbc+0x170/0x25c\n file_write_and_wait_range+0x140/0x190\n ubifs_fsync+0xe8/0x290\n vfs_fsync_range+0xc0/0x1e4\n do_fsync+0x40/0x90\n __arm64_sys_fsync+0x34/0x50\n invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0xa8/0x260\n do_el0_svc+0xc8/0x1f0\n el0_svc+0x34/0x70\n el0t_64_sync_handler+0x108/0x114\n el0t_64_sync+0x1a4/0x1a8\n\n Freed by task 403:\n kasan_save_stack+0x38/0x70\n kasan_set_track+0x28/0x40\n kasan_set_free_info+0x28/0x4c\n __kasan_slab_free+0xd4/0x13c\n kfree+0xc4/0x3a0\n tnc_delete+0x3f4/0xe40\n ubifs_tnc_remove_range+0x368/0x73c\n ubifs_tnc_remove_ino+0x29c/0x2e0\n ubifs_jnl_delete_inode+0x150/0x260\n ubifs_evict_inode+0x1d4/0x2e4\n evict+0x1c8/0x450\n iput+0x2a0/0x3c4\n do_unlinkat+0x2cc/0x490\n __arm64_sys_unlinkat+0x90/0x100\n invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0xa8/0x260\n do_el0_svc+0xc8/0x1f0\n el0_svc+0x34/0x70\n el0t_64_sync_handler+0x108/0x114\n el0t_64_sync+0x1a4/0x1a8\n\nThe offending `memcpy()` in `ubifs_copy_hash()` has a use-after-free\nwhen a node becomes root in TNC but still has a `cparent` to an already\nfreed node. More specifically, consider the following TNC:\n\n zroot\n /\n /\n zp1\n /\n /\n zn\n\nInserting a new node `zn_new` with a key smaller then `zn` will trigger\na split in `tnc_insert()` if `zp1` is full:\n\n zroot\n / \\\n / \\\n zp1 zp2\n / \\\n / \\\n zn_new zn\n\n`zn-\u003eparent` has now been moved to `zp2`, *but* `zn-\u003ecparent` still\npoints to `zp1`.\n\nNow, consider a removal of all the nodes _except_ `zn`. Just when\n`tnc_delete()` is about to delete `zroot` and `zp2`:\n\n zroot\n \\\n \\\n zp2\n \\\n \\\n zn\n\n`zroot` and `zp2` get freed and the tree collapses:\n\n zn\n\n`zn` now becomes the new `zroot`.\n\n`get_znodes_to_commit()` will now only find `zn`, the new `zroot`, and\n`write_index()` will check its `znode-\u003ecparent` that wrongly points to\nthe already freed `zp1`. `ubifs_copy_hash()` thus gets wrongly called\nwith `znode-\u003ecparent-\u003ezbranch[znode-\u003eiip].hash` that triggers the\nuse-after-free!\n\nFix this by explicitly setting `znode-\u003ecparent` to `NULL` in\n`get_znodes_to_commit()` for the root node. The search for the dirty\nnodes\n---truncated---"
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-12-27T13:49:16.423Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/daac4aa1825de0dbc1a6eede2fa7f9fc53f14223"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8d8b3f5f4cbfbf6cb0ea4a4d5dc296872b4151eb"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d9807048b851d7a58d5bd089c16254af896e4df"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/74981f7577d183acad1cd58f74c10d263711a215"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/01d3a2293d7e4edfff96618c15727db7e51f11b6"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/398a91599d263e41c5f95a2fd4ebdb6280b5c6c3"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2497479aecebe869d23a0064e0fd1a03e34f0e2a"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4617fb8fc15effe8eda4dd898d4e33eb537a7140"
}
],
"title": "ubifs: authentication: Fix use-after-free in ubifs_tnc_end_commit",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-5f407fcff5a0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-53171",
"datePublished": "2024-12-27T13:49:16.423Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-11-19T17:17:25.006Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-12-27T13:49:16.423Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2024-53171\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2024-12-27T14:15:24.300\",\"lastModified\":\"2024-12-27T14:15:24.300\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Received\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nubifs: authentication: Fix use-after-free in ubifs_tnc_end_commit\\n\\nAfter an insertion in TNC, the tree might split and cause a node to\\nchange its `znode-\u003eparent`. A further deletion of other nodes in the\\ntree (which also could free the nodes), the aforementioned node\u0027s\\n`znode-\u003ecparent` could still point to a freed node. This\\n`znode-\u003ecparent` may not be updated when getting nodes to commit in\\n`ubifs_tnc_start_commit()`. This could then trigger a use-after-free\\nwhen accessing the `znode-\u003ecparent` in `write_index()` in\\n`ubifs_tnc_end_commit()`.\\n\\nThis can be triggered by running\\n\\n rm -f /etc/test-file.bin\\n dd if=/dev/urandom of=/etc/test-file.bin bs=1M count=60 conv=fsync\\n\\nin a loop, and with `CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_AUTHENTICATION`. KASAN then\\nreports:\\n\\n BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in ubifs_tnc_end_commit+0xa5c/0x1950\\n Write of size 32 at addr ffffff800a3af86c by task ubifs_bgt0_20/153\\n\\n Call trace:\\n dump_backtrace+0x0/0x340\\n show_stack+0x18/0x24\\n dump_stack_lvl+0x9c/0xbc\\n print_address_description.constprop.0+0x74/0x2b0\\n kasan_report+0x1d8/0x1f0\\n kasan_check_range+0xf8/0x1a0\\n memcpy+0x84/0xf4\\n ubifs_tnc_end_commit+0xa5c/0x1950\\n do_commit+0x4e0/0x1340\\n ubifs_bg_thread+0x234/0x2e0\\n kthread+0x36c/0x410\\n ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20\\n\\n Allocated by task 401:\\n kasan_save_stack+0x38/0x70\\n __kasan_kmalloc+0x8c/0xd0\\n __kmalloc+0x34c/0x5bc\\n tnc_insert+0x140/0x16a4\\n ubifs_tnc_add+0x370/0x52c\\n ubifs_jnl_write_data+0x5d8/0x870\\n do_writepage+0x36c/0x510\\n ubifs_writepage+0x190/0x4dc\\n __writepage+0x58/0x154\\n write_cache_pages+0x394/0x830\\n do_writepages+0x1f0/0x5b0\\n filemap_fdatawrite_wbc+0x170/0x25c\\n file_write_and_wait_range+0x140/0x190\\n ubifs_fsync+0xe8/0x290\\n vfs_fsync_range+0xc0/0x1e4\\n do_fsync+0x40/0x90\\n __arm64_sys_fsync+0x34/0x50\\n invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0xa8/0x260\\n do_el0_svc+0xc8/0x1f0\\n el0_svc+0x34/0x70\\n el0t_64_sync_handler+0x108/0x114\\n el0t_64_sync+0x1a4/0x1a8\\n\\n Freed by task 403:\\n kasan_save_stack+0x38/0x70\\n kasan_set_track+0x28/0x40\\n kasan_set_free_info+0x28/0x4c\\n __kasan_slab_free+0xd4/0x13c\\n kfree+0xc4/0x3a0\\n tnc_delete+0x3f4/0xe40\\n ubifs_tnc_remove_range+0x368/0x73c\\n ubifs_tnc_remove_ino+0x29c/0x2e0\\n ubifs_jnl_delete_inode+0x150/0x260\\n ubifs_evict_inode+0x1d4/0x2e4\\n evict+0x1c8/0x450\\n iput+0x2a0/0x3c4\\n do_unlinkat+0x2cc/0x490\\n __arm64_sys_unlinkat+0x90/0x100\\n invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0xa8/0x260\\n do_el0_svc+0xc8/0x1f0\\n el0_svc+0x34/0x70\\n el0t_64_sync_handler+0x108/0x114\\n el0t_64_sync+0x1a4/0x1a8\\n\\nThe offending `memcpy()` in `ubifs_copy_hash()` has a use-after-free\\nwhen a node becomes root in TNC but still has a `cparent` to an already\\nfreed node. More specifically, consider the following TNC:\\n\\n zroot\\n /\\n /\\n zp1\\n /\\n /\\n zn\\n\\nInserting a new node `zn_new` with a key smaller then `zn` will trigger\\na split in `tnc_insert()` if `zp1` is full:\\n\\n zroot\\n / \\\\\\n / \\\\\\n zp1 zp2\\n / \\\\\\n / \\\\\\n zn_new zn\\n\\n`zn-\u003eparent` has now been moved to `zp2`, *but* `zn-\u003ecparent` still\\npoints to `zp1`.\\n\\nNow, consider a removal of all the nodes _except_ `zn`. Just when\\n`tnc_delete()` is about to delete `zroot` and `zp2`:\\n\\n zroot\\n \\\\\\n \\\\\\n zp2\\n \\\\\\n \\\\\\n zn\\n\\n`zroot` and `zp2` get freed and the tree collapses:\\n\\n zn\\n\\n`zn` now becomes the new `zroot`.\\n\\n`get_znodes_to_commit()` will now only find `zn`, the new `zroot`, and\\n`write_index()` will check its `znode-\u003ecparent` that wrongly points to\\nthe already freed `zp1`. `ubifs_copy_hash()` thus gets wrongly called\\nwith `znode-\u003ecparent-\u003ezbranch[znode-\u003eiip].hash` that triggers the\\nuse-after-free!\\n\\nFix this by explicitly setting `znode-\u003ecparent` to `NULL` in\\n`get_znodes_to_commit()` for the root node. The search for the dirty\\nnodes\\n---truncated---\"}],\"metrics\":{},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/01d3a2293d7e4edfff96618c15727db7e51f11b6\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2497479aecebe869d23a0064e0fd1a03e34f0e2a\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/398a91599d263e41c5f95a2fd4ebdb6280b5c6c3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4617fb8fc15effe8eda4dd898d4e33eb537a7140\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d9807048b851d7a58d5bd089c16254af896e4df\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/74981f7577d183acad1cd58f74c10d263711a215\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8d8b3f5f4cbfbf6cb0ea4a4d5dc296872b4151eb\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/daac4aa1825de0dbc1a6eede2fa7f9fc53f14223\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}"
}
}
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Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
- Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.