DJI Drone Wi-Fi Credential Exposure Through Unencrypted Bluetooth Traffic

Finding

DJI drones transmit DUML (DJI Universal Markup Language) protocol messages over Bluetooth without encryption. When a client attempts to control the drone over Wi-Fi, or when the drone is switched to QuickTransfer mode, the DJI Fly application exchanges DUML messages with the drone over Bluetooth, including the Wi-Fi credentials. An attacker within Bluetooth range can passively sniff this traffic and recover the credentials in cleartext, including the drone's Wi-Fi PSK, SSID, and trusted identifier UUID. Obtaining these credentials allows the attacker to join the drone's internal Wi-Fi network, interact with network services exposed by the drone, and decrypt Wi-Fi traffic exchanged between the drone and the legitimate user.

Affected Versions & Models

Affected models are DJI Neo until 01.00.0400, DJI Neo 2 until 01.00.0500, DJI Flip until 01.00.1200, DJI Air 3 until 01.00.1600, DJI Air 3S until 01.00.1400, DJI Avata 2 until 01.00.0400, DJI Avata 360 until 01.00.0300, DJI Mavic 3 until 01.00.1400, DJI Mavic 3 Classic until 01.00.0800, DJI Mavic 3 Pro until 01.01.0700, DJI Mavic 4 Pro until 01.00.0500, DJI Mini 2 until 01.07.0200, DJI Mini 3 until 01.00.0500, DJI Mini 3 Pro until 01.00.0900, DJI Mini 4 Pro until 01.00.1100, and DJI Mini 5 Pro until 01.00.0600.

Workarounds

Remediation requires a firmware update from the vendor.

References

QuickTransfer Supported Models: https://support.dji.com/help/content?customId=en-us03400011149&spaceId=34&re=US&lang=en