Common Weakness Enumeration
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Back to CWE stats page
CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.
CVE-2026-11834 (GCVE-0-2026-11834)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 17:53 – Updated: 2026-06-26 21:14
VLAI
Title
Unauthenticated Command Injection via DHCP Option Handling in Multiple TP-Link Routers
Summary
A command
injection vulnerability has been identified in the DHCP option processing logic
in multiple TP-Link router models, due to insufficient validation of externally
supplied DHCP option data. An adjacent attacker may exploit this
vulnerability by supplying crafted DHCP responses, potentially resulting in unauthorized
command execution during device initialization or provisioning workflows. This
typically occurs when the device is in a factory-default or unconfigured state.
Successful
exploitation may allow an adjacent, unauthenticated attacker to execute
arbitrary commands with elevated privileges, potentially leading to full
compromise of the affected device and unauthorized administrative control.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection')
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
7 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| TP-Link Systems Inc. | Archer MR200 v07 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.3.0 Build 250605
(custom)
|
|
| TP-Link Systems Inc. | Archer MR200 v8 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.5.0 Build 260605
(custom)
|
|
| TP Link Systems Inc. | Archer MR402 v1 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.5.0 Build 260605
(custom)
|
|
| TP-Link Systems Inc. | Archer VR2100 v1 |
Affected:
0 , < EU_V1_260330
(custom)
|
|
| TP-Link Systems Inc. | Archer C20 v5 |
Affected:
0 , < EU_V5_260317
(custom)
Affected: 0 , < US_V5_260419 (custom) |
|
| TP-Link Systems Inc. | Archer C20 v6 |
Affected:
0 , < V6_260608
(custom)
|
|
| TP-Link Systems Inc. | TL-MR6400 v7 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.7.0 Build 260413
(custom)
|
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-11834",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-22T00:00:00+00:00",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-23T03:56:03.662Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Archer MR200 v07",
"vendor": "TP-Link Systems Inc.",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.3.0 Build 250605",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Archer MR200 v8",
"vendor": "TP-Link Systems Inc.",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.5.0 Build 260605",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Archer MR402 v1",
"vendor": "TP Link Systems Inc.",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.5.0 Build 260605",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Archer VR2100 v1",
"vendor": "TP-Link Systems Inc.",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "EU_V1_260330",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Archer C20 v5",
"vendor": "TP-Link Systems Inc.",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "EU_V5_260317",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "US_V5_260419",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Archer C20 v6",
"vendor": "TP-Link Systems Inc.",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V6_260608",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "TL-MR6400 v7",
"vendor": "TP-Link Systems Inc.",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.7.0 Build 260413",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Matt Graham (mattg.systems)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eA command\ninjection vulnerability has been identified in the DHCP option processing logic\nin multiple TP-Link router models, due to insufficient validation of externally\nsupplied DHCP option data.\u0026nbsp;An adjacent attacker may exploit this\nvulnerability by supplying crafted DHCP responses, potentially resulting in unauthorized\ncommand execution during device initialization or provisioning workflows. This\ntypically occurs when the device is in a factory-default or unconfigured state.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSuccessful\nexploitation may allow an adjacent, unauthenticated attacker to execute\narbitrary commands with elevated privileges, potentially leading to full\ncompromise of the affected device and unauthorized administrative control.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "A command\ninjection vulnerability has been identified in the DHCP option processing logic\nin multiple TP-Link router models, due to insufficient validation of externally\nsupplied DHCP option data.\u00a0An adjacent attacker may exploit this\nvulnerability by supplying crafted DHCP responses, potentially resulting in unauthorized\ncommand execution during device initialization or provisioning workflows. This\ntypically occurs when the device is in a factory-default or unconfigured state.\n\n\n\n\n\nSuccessful\nexploitation may allow an adjacent, unauthenticated attacker to execute\narbitrary commands with elevated privileges, potentially leading to full\ncompromise of the affected device and unauthorized administrative control."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-88",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-88 OS Command Injection"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "ADJACENT",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "CWE-78 Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command (\u0027OS command injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-26T21:14:49.752Z",
"orgId": "f23511db-6c3e-4e32-a477-6aa17d310630",
"shortName": "TPLink"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/download/archer-c20/"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/download/archer-mr402/#Firmware"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/download/archer-mr200/#Firmware"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/download/tl-mr6400/v7/#Firmware"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/download/archer-vr2100/#Firmware"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/archer-c20/"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/5141/"
},
{
"url": "https://mattg.systems/posts/cve-2026-11834/"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Unauthenticated Command Injection via DHCP Option Handling in Multiple TP-Link Routers",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.2"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "f23511db-6c3e-4e32-a477-6aa17d310630",
"assignerShortName": "TPLink",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-11834",
"datePublished": "2026-06-22T17:53:48.436Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-09T22:14:54.973Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-26T21:14:49.752Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-11845 (GCVE-0-2026-11845)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-12 09:27 – Updated: 2026-06-12 11:03
VLAI
Title
IEI Integration Corp｜iVEC-IEI Virtualization Edge Computer - OS Command Injection
Summary
The iVEC-IEI Virtualization Edge Computer developed by IEI Integration Corp has a OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing privileged remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the device.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IEI Integration Corp | iVEC TANK-XM811 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.0.4
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-06-12 09:16
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-11845",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-12T10:54:22.549855Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-12T11:03:17.259Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "iVEC TANK-XM811",
"vendor": "IEI Integration Corp",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.0.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-06-12T09:16:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "The\u0026nbsp;iVEC-IEI Virtualization Edge Computer developed by IEI Integration Corp has a OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing privileged remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the device."
}
],
"value": "The\u00a0iVEC-IEI Virtualization Edge Computer developed by IEI Integration Corp has a OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing privileged remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the device."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-88",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-88 OS Command Injection"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.6,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.2,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "CWE-78 Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command (\u0027OS command injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-12T09:27:26.075Z",
"orgId": "cded6c7f-6ce5-4948-8f87-aa7a3bbb6b0e",
"shortName": "twcert"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-10969-4c4e2-1.html"
},
{
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-10970-e4b21-2.html"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "TVN-202606004",
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "IEI Integration Corp\uff5ciVEC-IEI Virtualization Edge Computer - OS Command Injection",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.2"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "cded6c7f-6ce5-4948-8f87-aa7a3bbb6b0e",
"assignerShortName": "twcert",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-11845",
"datePublished": "2026-06-12T09:27:26.075Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-10T07:50:57.806Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-12T11:03:17.259Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-12104 (GCVE-0-2026-12104)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-19 13:41 – Updated: 2026-06-22 19:31
VLAI
Title
Authenticated OS Command Injection in Bondix
Summary
OS command injection in the environment and tunnel configuration functionality in SIMA GmbH Bondix through version 1.25.7.5 on Linux allows an authenticated attacker with configuration write access to execute arbitrary operating-system commands via crafted configuration values passed to server-side scripts.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SIMA GmbH | Bondix Server |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.25.7.5
(custom)
Unaffected: 1.25.7.6 (custom) |
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-12104",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-22T19:31:34.326799Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-22T19:31:41.207Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"Linux"
],
"product": "Bondix Server",
"vendor": "SIMA GmbH",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.25.7.5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "1.25.7.6",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Jonas Friedli (avantguard cyber security AG)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "OS command injection in the environment and tunnel configuration functionality in SIMA GmbH Bondix through version 1.25.7.5 on Linux allows an authenticated attacker with configuration write access to execute arbitrary operating-system commands via crafted configuration values passed to server-side scripts."
}
],
"value": "OS command injection in the environment and tunnel configuration functionality in SIMA GmbH Bondix through version 1.25.7.5 on Linux allows an authenticated attacker with configuration write access to execute arbitrary operating-system commands via crafted configuration values passed to server-side scripts."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-88",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-88 OS Command Injection"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "YES",
"Recovery": "USER",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.6,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"providerUrgency": "AMBER",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/AU:Y/R:U/RE:L/U:Amber",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "LOW"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "CWE-78 Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command (\u0027OS command injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-19T15:03:06.381Z",
"orgId": "455daabc-a392-441d-aa46-37d35189897c",
"shortName": "NCSC.ch"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://wiki.bondix.dev/wiki/Security_Advisories#CVE-2026-12104_%E2%80%94_Authenticated_OS_Command_Injection_in_Bondix"
},
{
"url": "https://wiki.bondix.dev/wiki/Downloads#Release_Notes"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Authenticated OS Command Injection in Bondix",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.2"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "455daabc-a392-441d-aa46-37d35189897c",
"assignerShortName": "NCSC.ch",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-12104",
"datePublished": "2026-06-19T13:41:38.104Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-12T14:28:38.676Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-22T19:31:41.207Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-12161 (GCVE-0-2026-12161)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-15 23:55 – Updated: 2026-06-16 15:00
VLAI
Summary
Improper input validation in the SSH Elevate Shell feature in
Devolutions Remote Desktop Manager 2026.2.7 allows an authenticated user
with permission to create or modify a shared SSH entry to execute
arbitrary commands on a remote SSH host using stored elevation
credentials via a crafted alternate username and user interaction with
the Elevate Shell action.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Devolutions | Remote Desktop Manager |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2026.2.7
(custom)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-12161",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-16T14:59:54.304221Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-16T15:00:25.327Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Remote Desktop Manager",
"vendor": "Devolutions",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "2026.2.7",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Improper input validation in the SSH Elevate Shell feature in \nDevolutions Remote Desktop Manager 2026.2.7 allows an authenticated user\n with permission to create or modify a shared SSH entry to execute \narbitrary commands on a remote SSH host using stored elevation \ncredentials via a crafted alternate username and user interaction with \nthe Elevate Shell action."
}
],
"value": "Improper input validation in the SSH Elevate Shell feature in \nDevolutions Remote Desktop Manager 2026.2.7 allows an authenticated user\n with permission to create or modify a shared SSH entry to execute \narbitrary commands on a remote SSH host using stored elevation \ncredentials via a crafted alternate username and user interaction with \nthe Elevate Shell action."
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "CWE-78 Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command (\u0027OS command injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-15T23:55:24.745Z",
"orgId": "bfee16bd-18e6-446c-9a65-f5b2e3d89c23",
"shortName": "DEVOLUTIONS"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://devolutions.net/security/advisories/DEVO-2026-0018/"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.2"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "bfee16bd-18e6-446c-9a65-f5b2e3d89c23",
"assignerShortName": "DEVOLUTIONS",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-12161",
"datePublished": "2026-06-15T23:55:24.745Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-12T19:16:15.418Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-16T15:00:25.327Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-12195 (GCVE-0-2026-12195)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-04 11:33 – Updated: 2026-07-04 11:33
VLAI
Summary
myVesta is affected by an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability. Low privileged users can insert arbitrary commands as a part of the v_ftp_user parameter when deleting FTP usernames. This could result in the execution of commands as the admin user or takevoer of the admin user in myVesta.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "vesta",
"vendor": "myvesta",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "95d7e43bf286d6881ca753dac93cb42d98cc7422",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "myVesta is affected by an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability. Low privileged users can insert arbitrary commands as a part of the v_ftp_user parameter when deleting FTP usernames. This could result in the execution of commands as the admin user or takevoer of the admin user in myVesta."
}
],
"value": "myVesta is affected by an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability. Low privileged users can insert arbitrary commands as a part of the v_ftp_user parameter when deleting FTP usernames. This could result in the execution of commands as the admin user or takevoer of the admin user in myVesta."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-88",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-88 OS Command Injection"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "CWE-78 Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command (\u0027OS command injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-04T11:33:27.032Z",
"orgId": "ab69c47f-b95e-4bf2-b2d9-4b1fd1b24b4a",
"shortName": "PRJBLK"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/myvesta/vesta/commit/95d7e43bf286d6881ca753dac93cb42d98cc7422"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://projectblack.io/blog/local-ai-for-cyber-security/#myvesta-authenticated-rce"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.2"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "ab69c47f-b95e-4bf2-b2d9-4b1fd1b24b4a",
"assignerShortName": "PRJBLK",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-12195",
"datePublished": "2026-07-04T11:33:27.032Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-14T07:01:17.476Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-04T11:33:27.032Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-12398 (GCVE-0-2026-12398)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-16 14:52 – Updated: 2026-06-29 17:37
VLAI
Title
Galaxy_ng: shell injection in legacy role import via unsanitized git ref names
Summary
A command injection vulnerability was found in galaxy_ng. The do_git_checkout() function in the legacy role import API (v1) interpolates unsanitized git ref names (branch/tag names) into shell commands executed via subprocess.run() with shell=True. An authenticated user who controls a git repository can create a branch or tag with shell metacharacters in the name to achieve remote code execution on the pulp worker. The vulnerable endpoint is only reachable when GALAXY_ENABLE_LEGACY_ROLES is set to True, which is not the default configuration.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-12398 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2489180 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2 |
Date Public
2026-06-16 00:00
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-12398",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-16T00:00:00+00:00",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-17T03:55:53.274Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "ansible-automation-platform-24/hub-rhel8",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ansible-automation-platform-25/hub-rhel8",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ansible-automation-platform-26/hub-rhel9",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ansible-automation-platform-27/hub-rhel9",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "automation-hub",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"packageName": "python3.11-galaxy-ng",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"packageName": "python3.12-galaxy-ng",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"packageName": "python3x-galaxy-ng",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2"
],
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"packageName": "python-galaxy-ng",
"product": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "This issue was discovered by Chris Meyers (Red Hat)."
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-06-16T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A command injection vulnerability was found in galaxy_ng. The do_git_checkout() function in the legacy role import API (v1) interpolates unsanitized git ref names (branch/tag names) into shell commands executed via subprocess.run() with shell=True. An authenticated user who controls a git repository can create a branch or tag with shell metacharacters in the name to achieve remote code execution on the pulp worker. The vulnerable endpoint is only reachable when GALAXY_ENABLE_LEGACY_ROLES is set to True, which is not the default configuration."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
"value": "Moderate"
},
"type": "Red Hat severity rating"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-29T17:37:37.751Z",
"orgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
"shortName": "redhat"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-12398"
},
{
"name": "RHBZ#2489180",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2489180"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-16T13:13:58.336Z",
"value": "Reported to Red Hat."
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-16T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Made public."
}
],
"title": "Galaxy_ng: shell injection in legacy role import via unsanitized git ref names",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The following practices would help for avoiding exposure and mitigate this flaw:\n\n1. Ensure that GALAXY_ENABLE_LEGACY_ROLES is set to False (the default) in your Galaxy/Hub configuration. This prevents the v1 API routes from being registered, making the vulnerable endpoint entirely unreachable.\n\n2. If legacy role support must be enabled, restrict access to the Galaxy/Hub API to trusted users only. The vulnerability requires authentication, so limiting who can authenticate reduces exposure.\n\n3. Monitor import activity for suspicious git references containing shell metacharacters in branch or tag names."
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
},
"x_redhatCweChain": "CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
"assignerShortName": "redhat",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-12398",
"datePublished": "2026-06-16T14:52:06.734Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-16T13:22:54.012Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-29T17:37:37.751Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-12486 (GCVE-0-2026-12486)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-24 03:40 – Updated: 2026-06-24 12:54
VLAI
Title
GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E libNetSetObj.so OS command injection vulnerability
Summary
Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the libNetSetObj.so functionality of GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E 2.09. A specially crafted network packet can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger this vulnerability.
`libNetSetObj.so` is an internal library used by various binaries on the device to configure the network stack (start and stop various services, configure IP, Netmask, gateway, dns, etc.)
#### CNetSetObj::m_F_n_Set_IP_Addr command injection
The following function takes a string as an ip address, performs no sanitization and calls `system`. This is a classic command injection vulnerability. The function is reachable from both the network-exposed `DVRSearch` service and the `Network.cgi` endpoint.
int __fastcall CNetSetObj::m_F_n_Set_IP_Addr(const char **this, char *ip_addr)
{
bool v2; // zf
char v4[72]; // [sp+0h] [bp-48h] BYREF
v2 = *this == 0;
if ( *this )
v2 = ip_addr == 0;
if ( v2 )
return 0;
sprintf(v4, "/sbin/ifconfig %s %s", *this, ip_addr); // attacker controlled ip address
system(v4);
return 1;
}
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.geovision.com.tw/cyber_security.php | vendor-advisory |
| https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_repor… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GeoVision Inc. | GV-I/O Box 4E |
Affected:
V2.09
Unaffected: V2.12 |
Date Public
2026-06-17 03:31
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-12486",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-24T12:54:03.543792Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-24T12:54:13.822Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"Linux"
],
"product": "GV-I/O Box 4E",
"vendor": "GeoVision Inc.",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "V2.09"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "V2.12"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:geovision_inc.:gv-i_o_box_4e:v2.09:*:linux:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:geovision_inc.:gv-i_o_box_4e:v2.12:*:linux:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": false
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Philippe Laulheret of Cisco Talos"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation reviewer",
"value": "Kelly Patterson of Cisco Talos"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "coordinator",
"value": "Robert Sherwin of Cisco Talos"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-06-17T03:31:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the libNetSetObj.so functionality of GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E 2.09. A specially crafted network packet can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger this vulnerability.\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e`libNetSetObj.so` is an internal library used by various binaries on the device to configure the network stack (start and stop various services, configure IP, Netmask, gateway, dns, etc.)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e#### CNetSetObj::m_F_n_Set_IP_Addr command injection\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe following function takes a string as an ip address, performs no sanitization and calls `system`. This is a classic command injection vulnerability. The function is reachable from both the network-exposed `DVRSearch` service and the `Network.cgi` endpoint. \n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e int __fastcall CNetSetObj::m_F_n_Set_IP_Addr(const char **this, char *ip_addr)\n\u003cbr\u003e {\n\u003cbr\u003e bool v2; // zf\n\u003cbr\u003e char v4[72]; // [sp+0h] [bp-48h] BYREF\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e v2 = *this == 0;\n\u003cbr\u003e if ( *this )\n\u003cbr\u003e v2 = ip_addr == 0;\n\u003cbr\u003e if ( v2 )\n\u003cbr\u003e return 0;\n\u003cbr\u003e sprintf(v4, \"/sbin/ifconfig %s %s\", *this, ip_addr); // attacker controlled ip address \n\u003cbr\u003e system(v4);\n\u003cbr\u003e return 1;\n\u003cbr\u003e }\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the libNetSetObj.so functionality of GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E 2.09. A specially crafted network packet can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger this vulnerability.\n\n\n`libNetSetObj.so` is an internal library used by various binaries on the device to configure the network stack (start and stop various services, configure IP, Netmask, gateway, dns, etc.)\n\n\n#### CNetSetObj::m_F_n_Set_IP_Addr command injection\n\nThe following function takes a string as an ip address, performs no sanitization and calls `system`. This is a classic command injection vulnerability. The function is reachable from both the network-exposed `DVRSearch` service and the `Network.cgi` endpoint. \n\n\n\n int __fastcall CNetSetObj::m_F_n_Set_IP_Addr(const char **this, char *ip_addr)\n\n {\n\n bool v2; // zf\n\n char v4[72]; // [sp+0h] [bp-48h] BYREF\n\n\n\n v2 = *this == 0;\n\n if ( *this )\n\n v2 = ip_addr == 0;\n\n if ( v2 )\n\n return 0;\n\n sprintf(v4, \"/sbin/ifconfig %s %s\", *this, ip_addr); // attacker controlled ip address \n\n system(v4);\n\n return 1;\n\n }"
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "capec-10"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.1,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "CWE-78 Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command (\u0027OS command injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-24T03:40:19.795Z",
"orgId": "0df08a0e-a200-4957-9bb0-084f562506f9",
"shortName": "GV"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.geovision.com.tw/cyber_security.php"
},
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2026-2379"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-04-21T07:34:00.000Z",
"value": "Finder Reports Vulnerabilties to Vendor"
}
],
"title": "GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E libNetSetObj.so OS command injection vulnerability",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.2"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "0df08a0e-a200-4957-9bb0-084f562506f9",
"assignerShortName": "GV",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-12486",
"datePublished": "2026-06-24T03:40:19.795Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-17T03:09:07.610Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-24T12:54:13.822Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-12814 (GCVE-0-2026-12814)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-21 22:45 – Updated: 2026-06-22 12:07
VLAI
Title
Comfast CF-WR631AX V3 API Endpoint mbox-config system os command injection
Summary
A flaw has been found in Comfast CF-WR631AX V3 up to 2.7.0.8. This issue affects the function system of the file /cgi-bin/mbox-config?section=ping_config of the component API Endpoint. This manipulation of the argument destination causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/372608 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/372608/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-12814 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/837561 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/0xcc12138/COMFAST-CF-WR631AX-R… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comfast | CF-WR631AX V3 |
Affected:
2.7.0.0
Affected: 2.7.0.1 Affected: 2.7.0.2 Affected: 2.7.0.3 Affected: 2.7.0.4 Affected: 2.7.0.5 Affected: 2.7.0.6 Affected: 2.7.0.7 Affected: 2.7.0.8 cpe:2.3:a:comfast:cf-wr631ax_v3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-12814",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-22T12:07:44.637772Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-22T12:07:51.156Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:comfast:cf-wr631ax_v3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"API Endpoint"
],
"product": "CF-WR631AX V3",
"vendor": "Comfast",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.7.0.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.7.0.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.7.0.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.7.0.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.7.0.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.7.0.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.7.0.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.7.0.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.7.0.8"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "0xcc12138 (VulDB User)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "coordinator",
"value": "VulDB CNA Team"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A flaw has been found in Comfast CF-WR631AX V3 up to 2.7.0.8. This issue affects the function system of the file /cgi-bin/mbox-config?section=ping_config of the component API Endpoint. This manipulation of the argument destination causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 6.5,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "OS Command Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-77",
"description": "Command Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-21T22:45:08.850Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-372608 | Comfast CF-WR631AX V3 API Endpoint mbox-config system os command injection",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/372608"
},
{
"name": "VDB-372608 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/372608/cti"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2026-12814 | CVE Analysis and Report",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-12814"
},
{
"name": "Submit #837561 | COMFAST CF-WR631AX V3-V2.7.0.8 OS Command Injection",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/837561"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/0xcc12138/COMFAST-CF-WR631AX-Router-Backend-Command-Injection-RCE-Analysis-Report"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-21T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-21T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-21T08:27:28.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "Comfast CF-WR631AX V3 API Endpoint mbox-config system os command injection"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-12814",
"datePublished": "2026-06-21T22:45:08.850Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-21T06:22:24.256Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-22T12:07:51.156Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-12815 (GCVE-0-2026-12815)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-21 23:00 – Updated: 2026-06-22 17:52
VLAI
Title
coollabsio coolify Image Name os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in coollabsio coolify 4.0.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the component Image Name Handler. Such manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way. The changelog for 4.1.2 mentions "[i]mproved image, branch, proxy, and deployment input validation".
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/372609 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/372609/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-12815 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/837577 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/dxz0069/softwareoverflow/blob/… | related |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| coollabsio | coolify |
Affected:
4.0.0
cpe:2.3:a:coollabsio:coolify:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-12815",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-22T17:52:24.594496Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-22T17:52:45.755Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/837577"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/dxz0069/softwareoverflow/blob/main/coolify_docker_image_reference_shell_injection_vulndb.md"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:coollabsio:coolify:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"Image Name Handler"
],
"product": "coolify",
"vendor": "coollabsio",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0.0"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "ST4R (VulDB User)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "coordinator",
"value": "VulDB CNA Team"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability has been found in coollabsio coolify 4.0.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the component Image Name Handler. Such manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way. The changelog for 4.1.2 mentions \"[i]mproved image, branch, proxy, and deployment input validation\"."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 6.5,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "OS Command Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-77",
"description": "Command Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-21T23:00:10.670Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-372609 | coollabsio coolify Image Name os command injection",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/372609"
},
{
"name": "VDB-372609 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/372609/cti"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2026-12815 | CVE Analysis and Report",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-12815"
},
{
"name": "Submit #837577 | coollabsio/coolify - `Coolify deployment image parsing / Docker pull command construction` - `Docker image reference fields` v4.x OS Command Injection",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/837577"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/dxz0069/softwareoverflow/blob/main/coolify_docker_image_reference_shell_injection_vulndb.md"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-21T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-21T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-21T08:34:44.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "coollabsio coolify Image Name os command injection"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-12815",
"datePublished": "2026-06-21T23:00:10.670Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-21T06:29:26.944Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-22T17:52:45.755Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-12849 (GCVE-0-2026-12849)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-24 03:40 – Updated: 2026-06-24 12:53
VLAI
Title
GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E libNetSetObj.so OS command injection vulnerability
Summary
Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the libNetSetObj.so functionality of GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E 2.09. A specially crafted network packet can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger this vulnerability.
`libNetSetObj.so` is an internal library used by various binaries on the device to configure the network stack (start and stop various services, configure IP, Netmask, gateway, dns, etc.)
#### CNetSetObj::m_F_n_Set_Net_Mask command injection
The following function takes a string as a net mask address, performs no sanitization on it and calls `system`. This is a classic command injection vulnerability. The function is reachable from both the network-exposed `DVRSearch` service and the `Network.cgi` endpoint.
int __fastcall CNetSetObj::m_F_n_Set_Net_Mask(const char **this, char *netmask_addr)
{
bool v2; // zf
char v4[72]; // [sp+0h] [bp-48h] BYREF
v2 = *this == 0;
if ( *this )
v2 = netmask_addr == 0;
if ( v2 )
return 0;
sprintf(v4, "/sbin/ifconfig %s netmask %s", *this, netmask_addr); // attacker controlled netmask_addr
system(v4);
return 1;
}
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.geovision.com.tw/cyber_security.php | vendor-advisory |
| https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_repor… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GeoVision Inc. | GV-I/O Box 4E |
Affected:
V2.09
Unaffected: V2.12 |
Date Public
2026-06-17 03:31
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-12849",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-24T12:53:33.251382Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-24T12:53:41.973Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"Linux"
],
"product": "GV-I/O Box 4E",
"vendor": "GeoVision Inc.",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "V2.09"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "V2.12"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:geovision_inc.:gv-i_o_box_4e:v2.09:*:linux:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:geovision_inc.:gv-i_o_box_4e:v2.12:*:linux:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": false
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Philippe Laulheret of Cisco Talos"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation reviewer",
"value": "Kelly Patterson of Cisco Talos"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "coordinator",
"value": "Robert Sherwin of Cisco Talos"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-06-17T03:31:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the libNetSetObj.so functionality of GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E 2.09. A specially crafted network packet can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger this vulnerability.\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e`libNetSetObj.so` is an internal library used by various binaries on the device to configure the network stack (start and stop various services, configure IP, Netmask, gateway, dns, etc.)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e#### CNetSetObj::m_F_n_Set_Net_Mask command injection\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe following function takes a string as a net mask address, performs no sanitization on it and calls `system`. This is a classic command injection vulnerability. The function is reachable from both the network-exposed `DVRSearch` service and the `Network.cgi` endpoint. \n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e int __fastcall CNetSetObj::m_F_n_Set_Net_Mask(const char **this, char *netmask_addr)\n\u003cbr\u003e {\n\u003cbr\u003e bool v2; // zf\n\u003cbr\u003e char v4[72]; // [sp+0h] [bp-48h] BYREF\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e v2 = *this == 0;\n\u003cbr\u003e if ( *this )\n\u003cbr\u003e v2 = netmask_addr == 0;\n\u003cbr\u003e if ( v2 )\n\u003cbr\u003e return 0;\n\u003cbr\u003e sprintf(v4, \"/sbin/ifconfig %s netmask %s\", *this, netmask_addr); // attacker controlled netmask_addr\n\u003cbr\u003e system(v4);\n\u003cbr\u003e return 1;\n\u003cbr\u003e }\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the libNetSetObj.so functionality of GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E 2.09. A specially crafted network packet can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger this vulnerability.\n\n\n`libNetSetObj.so` is an internal library used by various binaries on the device to configure the network stack (start and stop various services, configure IP, Netmask, gateway, dns, etc.)\n\n\n\n#### CNetSetObj::m_F_n_Set_Net_Mask command injection\n\nThe following function takes a string as a net mask address, performs no sanitization on it and calls `system`. This is a classic command injection vulnerability. The function is reachable from both the network-exposed `DVRSearch` service and the `Network.cgi` endpoint. \n\n\n\n int __fastcall CNetSetObj::m_F_n_Set_Net_Mask(const char **this, char *netmask_addr)\n\n {\n\n bool v2; // zf\n\n char v4[72]; // [sp+0h] [bp-48h] BYREF\n\n\n\n v2 = *this == 0;\n\n if ( *this )\n\n v2 = netmask_addr == 0;\n\n if ( v2 )\n\n return 0;\n\n sprintf(v4, \"/sbin/ifconfig %s netmask %s\", *this, netmask_addr); // attacker controlled netmask_addr\n\n system(v4);\n\n return 1;\n\n }"
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "capec-10"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.1,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "CWE-78 Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command (\u0027OS command injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-24T03:40:21.823Z",
"orgId": "0df08a0e-a200-4957-9bb0-084f562506f9",
"shortName": "GV"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.geovision.com.tw/cyber_security.php"
},
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2026-2379"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-04-21T07:34:00.000Z",
"value": "Finder Reports Vulnerabilties to Vendor"
}
],
"title": "GeoVision GV-I/O Box 4E libNetSetObj.so OS command injection vulnerability",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.2"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "0df08a0e-a200-4957-9bb0-084f562506f9",
"assignerShortName": "GV",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-12849",
"datePublished": "2026-06-24T03:40:21.823Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-22T00:42:24.206Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-24T12:53:41.973Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-4.3
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
Mitigation ID: MIT-28
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
Description:
- While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
Mitigation ID: MIT-27
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
Description:
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When constructing OS command strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
- Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing OS command injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent OS command injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, when invoking a mail program, you might need to allow the subject field to contain otherwise-dangerous inputs like ";" and ">" characters, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the character might reduce the risk of OS command injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the subject field would not be recorded as the user intended. This might seem to be a minor inconvenience, but it could be more important when the program relies on well-structured subject lines in order to pass messages to other components.
- Even if you make a mistake in your validation (such as forgetting one out of 100 input fields), appropriate encoding is still likely to protect you from injection-based attacks. As long as it is not done in isolation, input validation is still a useful technique, since it may significantly reduce your attack surface, allow you to detect some attacks, and provide other security benefits that proper encoding does not address.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation ID: MIT-32
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Description:
- Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation ID: MIT-32
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation ID: MIT-39
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of OS Command Injection, error information passed back to the user might reveal whether an OS command is being executed and possibly which command is being used.
Mitigation
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Use runtime policy enforcement to create an allowlist of allowable commands, then prevent use of any command that does not appear in the allowlist. Technologies such as AppArmor are available to do this.
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection
An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-6: Argument Injection
An attacker changes the behavior or state of a targeted application through injecting data or command syntax through the targets use of non-validated and non-filtered arguments of exposed services or methods.
CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection
In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.