Common Weakness Enumeration
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Show details on NVD website
Back to CWE stats page
CWE-770
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.
CVE-2026-39803 (GCVE-0-2026-39803)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 13:36 – Updated: 2026-05-27 15:40
VLAI
Title
HTTP/1 chunked body reader ignores length cap in bandit
Summary
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in mtrudel bandit allows unauthenticated remote denial of service via memory exhaustion.
The chunked clause of 'Elixir.Bandit.HTTP1.Socket':read_data/2 in lib/bandit/http1/socket.ex ignores the caller-supplied :length option when reading HTTP/1 chunked request bodies. Instead of capping the accumulated body at the configured limit (e.g. Plug.Parsers' default 8 MB), do_read_chunked_data!/5 buffers every received chunk into an iolist unconditionally and materializes the entire body as a single binary. The function always returns {:ok, body, ...}, so callers cannot interpose a 413 response.
Because Plug.Parsers runs before routing and authentication in the standard Phoenix endpoint, an unauthenticated attacker needs no valid route or credentials. Sending a single Transfer-Encoding: chunked POST request with an arbitrarily large body to any path causes the BEAM process to exhaust available memory and be terminated by the OS OOM killer.
The content-length path in the same function correctly enforces the limit and is not affected.
This issue affects bandit: from 1.4.0 before 1.11.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/security/adviso… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-39803.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-39803 | related |
| https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/commit/ae3520df… | patch |
Impacted products
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-39803",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-05-13T14:41:58.440838Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-13T14:43:25.158Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/security/advisories/GHSA-9q9q-324x-93r2"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:mtrudel:bandit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.Bandit.HTTP1.Socket\u0027"
],
"packageName": "bandit",
"packageURL": "pkg:hex/bandit",
"product": "bandit",
"programFiles": [
"lib/bandit/http1/socket.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Bandit.HTTP1.Socket\u0027:read_data/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Bandit.HTTP1.Socket\u0027:do_read_chunked_data!/5"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit",
"vendor": "mtrudel",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.11.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.4.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://github.com",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:mtrudel:bandit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.Bandit.HTTP1.Socket\u0027"
],
"packageName": "mtrudel/bandit",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/mtrudel/bandit",
"product": "bandit",
"programFiles": [
"lib/bandit/http1/socket.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Bandit.HTTP1.Socket\u0027:read_data/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Bandit.HTTP1.Socket\u0027:do_read_chunked_data!/5"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit",
"vendor": "mtrudel",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "ae3520dfdbfab115c638f8c7f6f6b805db34e1ab",
"status": "affected",
"version": "903e209a521bc216b9f9065c01ae9a0cac2d5a10",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mtrudel:bandit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "1.11.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "1.4.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Peter Ullrich"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Mat Trudel"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "analyst",
"value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen / EEF"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in mtrudel bandit allows unauthenticated remote denial of service via memory exhaustion.\u003cp\u003eThe chunked clause of \u003ctt\u003e\u0027Elixir.Bandit.HTTP1.Socket\u0027:read_data/2\u003c/tt\u003e in \u003ctt\u003elib/bandit/http1/socket.ex\u003c/tt\u003e ignores the caller-supplied \u003ctt\u003e:length\u003c/tt\u003e option when reading HTTP/1 chunked request bodies. Instead of capping the accumulated body at the configured limit (e.g. \u003ctt\u003ePlug.Parsers\u003c/tt\u003e\u0027 default 8 MB), \u003ctt\u003edo_read_chunked_data!/5\u003c/tt\u003e buffers every received chunk into an iolist unconditionally and materializes the entire body as a single binary. The function always returns \u003ctt\u003e{:ok, body, ...}\u003c/tt\u003e, so callers cannot interpose a 413 response.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBecause \u003ctt\u003ePlug.Parsers\u003c/tt\u003e runs before routing and authentication in the standard Phoenix endpoint, an unauthenticated attacker needs no valid route or credentials. Sending a single \u003ctt\u003eTransfer-Encoding: chunked\u003c/tt\u003e POST request with an arbitrarily large body to any path causes the BEAM process to exhaust available memory and be terminated by the OS OOM killer.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe content-length path in the same function correctly enforces the limit and is not affected.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects bandit: from 1.4.0 before 1.11.1.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in mtrudel bandit allows unauthenticated remote denial of service via memory exhaustion.\n\nThe chunked clause of \u0027Elixir.Bandit.HTTP1.Socket\u0027:read_data/2 in lib/bandit/http1/socket.ex ignores the caller-supplied :length option when reading HTTP/1 chunked request bodies. Instead of capping the accumulated body at the configured limit (e.g. Plug.Parsers\u0027 default 8 MB), do_read_chunked_data!/5 buffers every received chunk into an iolist unconditionally and materializes the entire body as a single binary. The function always returns {:ok, body, ...}, so callers cannot interpose a 413 response.\n\nBecause Plug.Parsers runs before routing and authentication in the standard Phoenix endpoint, an unauthenticated attacker needs no valid route or credentials. Sending a single Transfer-Encoding: chunked POST request with an arbitrarily large body to any path causes the BEAM process to exhaust available memory and be terminated by the OS OOM killer.\n\nThe content-length path in the same function correctly enforces the limit and is not affected.\n\nThis issue affects bandit: from 1.4.0 before 1.11.1."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-130",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-130 Excessive Allocation"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-27T15:40:37.538Z",
"orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"shortName": "EEF"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/security/advisories/GHSA-9q9q-324x-93r2"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-39803.html"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-39803"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/commit/ae3520dfdbfab115c638f8c7f6f6b805db34e1ab"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "HTTP/1 chunked body reader ignores length cap in bandit",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"assignerShortName": "EEF",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-39803",
"datePublished": "2026-05-13T13:36:09.648Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-07T12:28:54.916Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-27T15:40:37.538Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-39804 (GCVE-0-2026-39804)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-01 20:34 – Updated: 2026-05-27 15:41
VLAI
Title
WebSocket permessage-deflate inflate has no output-size cap in bandit
Summary
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in mtrudel bandit allows unauthenticated remote denial of service via memory exhaustion when WebSocket permessage-deflate compression is enabled.
'Elixir.Bandit.WebSocket.PerMessageDeflate':inflate/2 in lib/bandit/websocket/permessage_deflate.ex calls :zlib.inflate/2 with no output-size cap, then materializes the entire decompressed payload as a single binary via IO.iodata_to_binary/1. The websocket_options.max_frame_size option only bounds the on-the-wire (compressed) frame size, not the decompressed output. A high-ratio compressed frame (e.g. uniform data at ~1024:1 ratio) can stay well under any wire-size limit while forcing GiB-scale heap allocations in the connection process before any application code runs.
An unauthenticated attacker who can open a WebSocket connection can send a single such frame to exhaust the BEAM node's memory and trigger an OOM kill.
This vulnerability requires both Bandit's server-level websocket_options.compress and the per-upgrade compress: true option passed to WebSockAdapter.upgrade/4 to be enabled. Stock Phoenix and LiveView applications are not affected as they default to compress: false.
This issue affects bandit: from 0.5.9 before 1.11.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/security/adviso… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-39804.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-39804 | related |
| https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/commit/8156921a… | patch |
Impacted products
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-39804",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-05-02T01:19:00.687361Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-02T01:19:55.677Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/security/advisories/GHSA-frh3-6pv6-rc8j"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:mtrudel:bandit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.Bandit.WebSocket.PerMessageDeflate\u0027"
],
"packageName": "bandit",
"packageURL": "pkg:hex/bandit",
"product": "bandit",
"programFiles": [
"lib/bandit/websocket/permessage_deflate.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Bandit.WebSocket.PerMessageDeflate\u0027:inflate/2"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit",
"vendor": "mtrudel",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.11.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.5.9",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://github.com",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:mtrudel:bandit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.Bandit.WebSocket.PerMessageDeflate\u0027"
],
"packageName": "mtrudel/bandit",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/mtrudel/bandit",
"product": "bandit",
"programFiles": [
"lib/bandit/websocket/permessage_deflate.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Bandit.WebSocket.PerMessageDeflate\u0027:inflate/2"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit",
"vendor": "mtrudel",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "8156921a51e684a951221da7bc30a70a022f722e",
"status": "affected",
"version": "da4027cff7d2b80319e76fe7a32f84beceec490a",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "The vulnerability is only reachable when both of the following conditions are true:\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eBandit\u0027s server-level \u003ctt\u003ewebsocket_options.compress\u003c/tt\u003e is enabled (it defaults to \u003ctt\u003etrue\u003c/tt\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe per-upgrade \u003ctt\u003ecompress: true\u003c/tt\u003e option is passed to \u003ctt\u003eWebSockAdapter.upgrade/4\u003c/tt\u003e (it defaults to \u003ctt\u003efalse\u003c/tt\u003e; Phoenix\u0027s default is also \u003ctt\u003efalse\u003c/tt\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003eStock Phoenix and LiveView applications are not affected because \u003ctt\u003ecompress: false\u003c/tt\u003e is their default."
}
],
"value": "The vulnerability is only reachable when both of the following conditions are true:\n- Bandit\u0027s server-level websocket_options.compress is enabled (it defaults to true).\n- The per-upgrade compress: true option is passed to WebSockAdapter.upgrade/4 (it defaults to false; Phoenix\u0027s default is also false).\n\nStock Phoenix and LiveView applications are not affected because compress: false is their default."
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mtrudel:bandit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "1.11.0",
"versionStartIncluding": "0.5.9",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Peter Ullrich"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Mat Trudel"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "analyst",
"value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen / EEF"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in mtrudel bandit allows unauthenticated remote denial of service via memory exhaustion when WebSocket permessage-deflate compression is enabled.\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003e\u0027Elixir.Bandit.WebSocket.PerMessageDeflate\u0027:inflate/2\u003c/tt\u003e in \u003ctt\u003elib/bandit/websocket/permessage_deflate.ex\u003c/tt\u003e calls \u003ctt\u003e:zlib.inflate/2\u003c/tt\u003e with no output-size cap, then materializes the entire decompressed payload as a single binary via \u003ctt\u003eIO.iodata_to_binary/1\u003c/tt\u003e. The \u003ctt\u003ewebsocket_options.max_frame_size\u003c/tt\u003e option only bounds the on-the-wire (compressed) frame size, not the decompressed output. A high-ratio compressed frame (e.g. uniform data at ~1024:1 ratio) can stay well under any wire-size limit while forcing GiB-scale heap allocations in the connection process before any application code runs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn unauthenticated attacker who can open a WebSocket connection can send a single such frame to exhaust the BEAM node\u0027s memory and trigger an OOM kill.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis vulnerability requires both Bandit\u0027s server-level \u003ctt\u003ewebsocket_options.compress\u003c/tt\u003e and the per-upgrade \u003ctt\u003ecompress: true\u003c/tt\u003e option passed to \u003ctt\u003eWebSockAdapter.upgrade/4\u003c/tt\u003e to be enabled. Stock Phoenix and LiveView applications are not affected as they default to \u003ctt\u003ecompress: false\u003c/tt\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects bandit: from 0.5.9 before 1.11.0.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in mtrudel bandit allows unauthenticated remote denial of service via memory exhaustion when WebSocket permessage-deflate compression is enabled.\n\n\u0027Elixir.Bandit.WebSocket.PerMessageDeflate\u0027:inflate/2 in lib/bandit/websocket/permessage_deflate.ex calls :zlib.inflate/2 with no output-size cap, then materializes the entire decompressed payload as a single binary via IO.iodata_to_binary/1. The websocket_options.max_frame_size option only bounds the on-the-wire (compressed) frame size, not the decompressed output. A high-ratio compressed frame (e.g. uniform data at ~1024:1 ratio) can stay well under any wire-size limit while forcing GiB-scale heap allocations in the connection process before any application code runs.\n\nAn unauthenticated attacker who can open a WebSocket connection can send a single such frame to exhaust the BEAM node\u0027s memory and trigger an OOM kill.\n\nThis vulnerability requires both Bandit\u0027s server-level websocket_options.compress and the per-upgrade compress: true option passed to WebSockAdapter.upgrade/4 to be enabled. Stock Phoenix and LiveView applications are not affected as they default to compress: false.\n\nThis issue affects bandit: from 0.5.9 before 1.11.0."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-130",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-130 Excessive Allocation"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.2,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-27T15:41:26.362Z",
"orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"shortName": "EEF"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/security/advisories/GHSA-frh3-6pv6-rc8j"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-39804.html"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-39804"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/commit/8156921a51e684a951221da7bc30a70a022f722e"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "WebSocket permessage-deflate inflate has no output-size cap in bandit",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Do not pass \u003ctt\u003ecompress: true\u003c/tt\u003e to \u003ctt\u003eWebSockAdapter.upgrade/4\u003c/tt\u003e. Omitting this option (or setting it to \u003ctt\u003efalse\u003c/tt\u003e) prevents permessage-deflate from being negotiated, so the inflate path is never reached."
}
],
"value": "Do not pass compress: true to WebSockAdapter.upgrade/4. Omitting this option (or setting it to false) prevents permessage-deflate from being negotiated, so the inflate path is never reached."
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"assignerShortName": "EEF",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-39804",
"datePublished": "2026-05-01T20:34:24.604Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-07T12:28:54.916Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-27T15:41:26.362Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-39904 (GCVE-0-2026-39904)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 20:11 – Updated: 2026-06-23 14:09 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Gophish 0.12.1 Denial of Service via Office Document Upload
Summary
Gophish through 0.12.1 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows authenticated users with the User role to exhaust server memory by uploading a crafted Office document as an email template attachment. The ApplyTemplate() function in models/attachment.go processes Office documents as ZIP archives and calls ioutil.ReadAll() on each contained file entry without enforcing size restrictions on uncompressed content, allowing a zip bomb payload to expand to several gigabytes in memory and cause the process to be terminated by the operating system.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ashikmd7/GoPhish-0.12.1/blob/m… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/gophish-deni… | third-party-advisory |
Date Public
2026-06-21 00:00
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-39904",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-23T14:09:33.438481Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-23T14:09:53.010Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "gophish",
"repo": "https://github.com/gophish/gophish",
"vendor": "gophish",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "0.12.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Ashik Mohamed (ashikmd7)"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-06-21T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Gophish through 0.12.1 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows authenticated users with the User role to exhaust server memory by uploading a crafted Office document as an email template attachment. The ApplyTemplate() function in models/attachment.go processes Office documents as ZIP archives and calls ioutil.ReadAll() on each contained file entry without enforcing size restrictions on uncompressed content, allowing a zip bomb payload to expand to several gigabytes in memory and cause the process to be terminated by the operating system."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-22T20:11:14.670Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "Researcher Disclosure",
"tags": [
"technical-description",
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ashikmd7/GoPhish-0.12.1/blob/main/Unbounded%20Memory%20Allocation%20in%20Office%20Attachment%20Processing%20Leads%20to%20Server%20DoS/README.md"
},
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/gophish-denial-of-service-via-office-document-upload"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"tags": [
"x_open-source"
],
"title": "Gophish 0.12.1 Denial of Service via Office Document Upload",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-39904",
"datePublished": "2026-06-22T20:11:14.670Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-07T20:57:06.209Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-23T14:09:53.010Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-39959 (GCVE-0-2026-39959)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-09 16:29 – Updated: 2026-04-09 19:32
VLAI
Title
Tmds.DBus: malicious D-Bus peers can spoof signals, exhaust file descriptor resources, and cause denial of service
Summary
Tmds.DBus provides .NET libraries for working with D-Bus from .NET. Tmds.DBus and Tmds.DBus.Protocol are vulnerable to malicious D-Bus peers. A peer on the same bus can spoof signals by impersonating the owner of a well-known name, exhaust system resources or cause file descriptor spillover by sending messages with an excessive number of Unix file descriptors, and crash the application by sending malformed message bodies that cause unhandled exceptions on the SynchronizationContext. This vulnerability is fixed in Tmds.DBus 0.92.0 and Tmds.DBus.Protocol 0.92.0 and 0.21.3.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tmds/Tmds.DBus/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| tmds | Tmds.DBus |
Affected:
< 0.92.0
|
|
| tmds | Tmds.DBus.Protocol |
Affected:
< 0.21.3
Affected: >= 0.22.0, < 0.92.0 |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-39959",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-04-09T17:38:26.439943Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-09T19:32:09.891Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "Tmds.DBus",
"vendor": "tmds",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 0.92.0"
}
]
},
{
"product": "Tmds.DBus.Protocol",
"vendor": "tmds",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 0.21.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 0.22.0, \u003c 0.92.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Tmds.DBus provides .NET libraries for working with D-Bus from .NET. Tmds.DBus and Tmds.DBus.Protocol are vulnerable to malicious D-Bus peers. A peer on the same bus can spoof signals by impersonating the owner of a well-known name, exhaust system resources or cause file descriptor spillover by sending messages with an excessive number of Unix file descriptors, and crash the application by sending malformed message bodies that cause unhandled exceptions on the SynchronizationContext. This vulnerability is fixed in Tmds.DBus 0.92.0 and Tmds.DBus.Protocol 0.92.0 and 0.21.3."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-290",
"description": "CWE-290: Authentication Bypass by Spoofing",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-09T16:29:20.616Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/tmds/Tmds.DBus/security/advisories/GHSA-xrw6-gwf8-vvr9",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/tmds/Tmds.DBus/security/advisories/GHSA-xrw6-gwf8-vvr9"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-xrw6-gwf8-vvr9",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Tmds.DBus: malicious D-Bus peers can spoof signals, exhaust file descriptor resources, and cause denial of service"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-39959",
"datePublished": "2026-04-09T16:29:20.616Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-07T22:40:33.822Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-09T19:32:09.891Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-40036 (GCVE-0-2026-40036)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 21:35 – Updated: 2026-05-14 16:05
VLAI
Title
Unfurl < 2026.04 - Denial of Service via Unbounded zlib Decompression
Summary
Unfurl before 2026.04 contains an unbounded zlib decompression vulnerability in parse_compressed.py that allows remote attackers to cause denial of service. Attackers can submit highly compressed payloads via URL parameters to the /json/visjs endpoint that expand to gigabytes, exhausting server memory and crashing the service.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/obsidianforensics/unfurl/secur… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/obsidianforensics/unfurl/relea… | release-notespatch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/dfir-unfurl-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| obsidianforensics | unfurl |
Affected:
0 , < 2026.04
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-01-28 00:00
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-40036",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-04-11T03:05:38.819397Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-14T16:05:32.651Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "dfir-unfurl",
"product": "unfurl",
"repo": "https://github.com/obsidianforensics/unfurl",
"vendor": "obsidianforensics",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2026.04",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Mobasi Security Team"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-01-28T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Unfurl before\u00a02026.04 contains an unbounded zlib decompression vulnerability in parse_compressed.py that allows remote attackers to cause denial of service. Attackers can submit highly compressed payloads via URL parameters to the /json/visjs endpoint that expand to gigabytes, exhausting server memory and crashing the service."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
},
{
"cweId": "CWE-409",
"description": "Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-08T14:06:56.600Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "GHSA Advisory GHSA-h5qv-qjv4-pc5m",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/obsidianforensics/unfurl/security/advisories/GHSA-h5qv-qjv4-pc5m"
},
{
"name": "VulnCheck Advisory: dfir-unfurl - Denial of Service via Unbounded zlib Decompression",
"tags": [
"release-notes",
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/obsidianforensics/unfurl/releases/tag/v2026.04"
},
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/dfir-unfurl-denial-of-service-via-unbounded-zlib-decompression"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Unfurl \u003c 2026.04 - Denial of Service via Unbounded zlib Decompression",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-40036",
"datePublished": "2026-04-08T21:35:28.460Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-08T13:39:22.099Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-14T16:05:32.651Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-40073 (GCVE-0-2026-40073)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-10 16:24 – Updated: 2026-04-13 15:36
VLAI
Title
SvelteKit has a BODY_SIZE_LIMIT bypass in @sveltejs/adapter-node
Summary
SvelteKit is a framework for rapidly developing robust, performant web applications using Svelte. Prior to 2.57.1, under certain circumstances, requests could bypass the BODY_SIZE_LIMIT on SvelteKit applications running with adapter-node. This bypass does not affect body size limits at other layers of the application stack, so limits enforced in the WAF, gateway, or at the platform level are unaffected. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.57.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sveltejs/kit/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/sveltejs/kit/commit/3202ed6c98… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/sveltejs/kit/releases/tag/@sve… | x_refsource_MISC |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-40073",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-04-13T15:04:15.946303Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T15:36:57.412Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "kit",
"vendor": "sveltejs",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 2.57.1"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "SvelteKit is a framework for rapidly developing robust, performant web applications using Svelte. Prior to 2.57.1, under certain circumstances, requests could bypass the BODY_SIZE_LIMIT on SvelteKit applications running with adapter-node. This bypass does not affect body size limits at other layers of the application stack, so limits enforced in the WAF, gateway, or at the platform level are unaffected. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.57.1."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.2,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-10T16:24:39.987Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/sveltejs/kit/security/advisories/GHSA-2crg-3p73-43xp",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/sveltejs/kit/security/advisories/GHSA-2crg-3p73-43xp"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/sveltejs/kit/commit/3202ed6c98f9e8d86bf0c4c7ad0f2e273e5e3b95",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/sveltejs/kit/commit/3202ed6c98f9e8d86bf0c4c7ad0f2e273e5e3b95"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/sveltejs/kit/releases/tag/@sveltejs/kit@2.57.1",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/sveltejs/kit/releases/tag/@sveltejs/kit@2.57.1"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-2crg-3p73-43xp",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "SvelteKit has a BODY_SIZE_LIMIT bypass in @sveltejs/adapter-node"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-40073",
"datePublished": "2026-04-10T16:24:39.987Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-09T00:39:12.204Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T15:36:57.412Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-40104 (GCVE-0-2026-40104)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-15 00:01 – Updated: 2026-04-16 14:08
VLAI
Title
XWiki's REST APIs can list all pages/spaces, leading to unavailability
Summary
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. Versions 1.8-rc-1, 17.0.0-rc-1 and 17.5.0-rc-1 and prior include a resource exhaustion vulnerability in REST API endpoints such as /xwiki/rest/wikis/xwiki/spaces/AnnotationCode/pages/AnnotationConfig/objects/AnnotationCode.AnnotationConfig/0/properties, which list all available pages as part of the metadata for database list properties without applying query limits. On large wikis, this can exhaust available server resources. This issue has been patched in versions 16.10.16, 17.4.8 and 17.10.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/47… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-23550 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| xwiki | org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-oldcore |
Affected:
>= 1.8-rc-1, < 16.10.16
Affected: >= 17.0.0-rc-1, < 17.4.8 Affected: >= 17.5.0-rc-1, < 17.10.1 |
|
| xwiki | org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-legacy-oldcore |
Affected:
>= 1.8-rc-1, < 16.10.16
Affected: >= 17.0.0-rc-1, < 17.4.8 Affected: >= 17.5.0-rc-1, < 17.10.1 |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.2,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-40104",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-04-16T14:08:13.653691Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-16T14:08:58.592Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-oldcore",
"vendor": "xwiki",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 1.8-rc-1, \u003c 16.10.16"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 17.0.0-rc-1, \u003c 17.4.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 17.5.0-rc-1, \u003c 17.10.1"
}
]
},
{
"product": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-legacy-oldcore",
"vendor": "xwiki",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 1.8-rc-1, \u003c 16.10.16"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 17.0.0-rc-1, \u003c 17.4.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 17.5.0-rc-1, \u003c 17.10.1"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. Versions 1.8-rc-1, 17.0.0-rc-1 and 17.5.0-rc-1 and prior include a resource exhaustion vulnerability in REST API endpoints such as /xwiki/rest/wikis/xwiki/spaces/AnnotationCode/pages/AnnotationConfig/objects/AnnotationCode.AnnotationConfig/0/properties, which list all available pages as part of the metadata for database list properties without applying query limits. On large wikis, this can exhaust available server resources. This issue has been patched in versions 16.10.16, 17.4.8 and 17.10.1."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 6.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-15T00:01:58.583Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-mrqg-xmgm-rc5g",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-mrqg-xmgm-rc5g"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/47b568c4753a6e682b14be1ca581bdd3b25d45a7",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/47b568c4753a6e682b14be1ca581bdd3b25d45a7"
},
{
"name": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-23550",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-23550"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-mrqg-xmgm-rc5g",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "XWiki\u0027s REST APIs can list all pages/spaces, leading to unavailability"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-40104",
"datePublished": "2026-04-15T00:01:58.583Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-09T01:41:38.536Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-16T14:08:58.592Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-40115 (GCVE-0-2026-40115)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-09 21:19 – Updated: 2026-04-13 15:37
VLAI
Title
PraisonAI has an Unrestricted Upload Size in WSGI Recipe Registry Server Enables Memory Exhaustion DoS
Summary
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, the WSGI-based recipe registry server (server.py) reads the entire HTTP request body into memory based on the client-supplied Content-Length header with no upper bound. Combined with authentication being disabled by default (no token configured), any local process can send arbitrarily large POST requests to exhaust server memory and cause a denial of service. The Starlette-based server (serve.py) has RequestSizeLimitMiddleware with a 10MB limit, but the WSGI server lacks any equivalent protection. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.128.
Severity
6.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | PraisonAI |
Affected:
< 4.5.128
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-40115",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-04-13T15:28:36.719333Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T15:37:59.667Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-2xgv-5cv2-47vv"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "PraisonAI",
"vendor": "MervinPraison",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 4.5.128"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, the WSGI-based recipe registry server (server.py) reads the entire HTTP request body into memory based on the client-supplied Content-Length header with no upper bound. Combined with authentication being disabled by default (no token configured), any local process can send arbitrarily large POST requests to exhaust server memory and cause a denial of service. The Starlette-based server (serve.py) has RequestSizeLimitMiddleware with a 10MB limit, but the WSGI server lacks any equivalent protection. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.128."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 6.2,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-09T21:19:28.558Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-2xgv-5cv2-47vv",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-2xgv-5cv2-47vv"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-2xgv-5cv2-47vv",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "PraisonAI has an Unrestricted Upload Size in WSGI Recipe Registry Server Enables Memory Exhaustion DoS"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-40115",
"datePublished": "2026-04-09T21:19:28.558Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-09T01:41:38.537Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-13T15:37:59.667Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-40116 (GCVE-0-2026-40116)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-09 21:20 – Updated: 2026-04-14 14:42
VLAI
Title
PraisonAI's Unauthenticated WebSocket Endpoint Proxies to Paid OpenAI Realtime API Without Rate Limits
Summary
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, the /media-stream WebSocket endpoint in PraisonAI's call module accepts connections from any client without authentication or Twilio signature validation. Each connection opens an authenticated session to OpenAI's Realtime API using the server's API key. There are no limits on concurrent connections, message rate, or message size, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to exhaust server resources and drain the victim's OpenAI API credits. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.128.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | PraisonAI |
Affected:
< 4.5.128
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-40116",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-04-14T14:42:36.529534Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-14T14:42:42.722Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "PraisonAI",
"vendor": "MervinPraison",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 4.5.128"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, the /media-stream WebSocket endpoint in PraisonAI\u0027s call module accepts connections from any client without authentication or Twilio signature validation. Each connection opens an authenticated session to OpenAI\u0027s Realtime API using the server\u0027s API key. There are no limits on concurrent connections, message rate, or message size, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to exhaust server resources and drain the victim\u0027s OpenAI API credits. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.128."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-09T21:20:24.708Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "PraisonAI\u0027s Unauthenticated WebSocket Endpoint Proxies to Paid OpenAI Realtime API Without Rate Limits"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-40116",
"datePublished": "2026-04-09T21:20:24.708Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-09T01:41:38.537Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-14T14:42:42.722Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-40192 (GCVE-0-2026-40192)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-15 22:53 – Updated: 2026-04-16 13:37
VLAI
Title
Pillow is vulnerable to a FITS GZIP decompression bomb
Summary
Pillow is a Python imaging library. Versions 10.3.0 through 12.1.1 did not limit the amount of GZIP-compressed data read when decoding a FITS image, making them vulnerable to decompression bomb attacks. A specially crafted FITS file could cause unbounded memory consumption, leading to denial of service (OOM crash or severe performance degradation). If users are unable to immediately upgrade, they should only open specific image formats, excluding FITS, as a workaround.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/9521 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/commit/3c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releaseno… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| python-pillow | Pillow |
Affected:
>= 10.3.0, < 12.2.0
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-40192",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-04-16T13:37:11.864898Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-16T13:37:19.918Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "Pillow",
"vendor": "python-pillow",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 10.3.0, \u003c 12.2.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Pillow is a Python imaging library. Versions 10.3.0 through 12.1.1 did not limit the amount of GZIP-compressed data read when decoding a FITS image, making them vulnerable to decompression bomb attacks. A specially crafted FITS file could cause unbounded memory consumption, leading to denial of service (OOM crash or severe performance degradation). If users are unable to immediately upgrade, they should only open specific image formats, excluding FITS, as a workaround."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-400",
"description": "CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-15T22:53:56.147Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/security/advisories/GHSA-whj4-6x5x-4v2j",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/security/advisories/GHSA-whj4-6x5x-4v2j"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/9521",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/9521"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/commit/3cb854e8b2bab43f40e342e665f9340d861aa628",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/commit/3cb854e8b2bab43f40e342e665f9340d861aa628"
},
{
"name": "https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/12.2.0.html#prevent-fits-decompression-bomb",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/12.2.0.html#prevent-fits-decompression-bomb"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-whj4-6x5x-4v2j",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Pillow is vulnerable to a FITS GZIP decompression bomb"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-40192",
"datePublished": "2026-04-15T22:53:56.147Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-09T20:59:17.620Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-16T13:37:19.918Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Phase: Requirements
Description:
- Clearly specify the minimum and maximum expectations for capabilities, and dictate which behaviors are acceptable when resource allocation reaches limits.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Limit the amount of resources that are accessible to unprivileged users. Set per-user limits for resources. Allow the system administrator to define these limits. Be careful to avoid CWE-410.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place, and it will help the administrator to identify who is committing the abuse. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution can be difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply requires more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, typically by using increasing time delays
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation ID: MIT-38.1
Phases: Architecture and Design, Implementation
Description:
- If the program must fail, ensure that it fails gracefully (fails closed). There may be a temptation to simply let the program fail poorly in cases such as low memory conditions, but an attacker may be able to assert control before the software has fully exited. Alternately, an uncontrolled failure could cause cascading problems with other downstream components; for example, the program could send a signal to a downstream process so the process immediately knows that a problem has occurred and has a better chance of recovery.
- Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
Mitigation ID: MIT-47
Phases: Operation, Architecture and Design
Strategy: Resource Limitation
Description:
- Use quotas or other resource-limiting settings provided by the operating system or environment. For example, when managing system resources in POSIX, setrlimit() can be used to set limits for certain types of resources, and getrlimit() can determine how many resources are available. However, these functions are not available on all operating systems.
- When the current levels get close to the maximum that is defined for the application (see CWE-770), then limit the allocation of further resources to privileged users; alternately, begin releasing resources for less-privileged users. While this mitigation may protect the system from attack, it will not necessarily stop attackers from adversely impacting other users.
- Ensure that the application performs the appropriate error checks and error handling in case resources become unavailable (CWE-703).
CAPEC-125: Flooding
An adversary consumes the resources of a target by rapidly engaging in a large number of interactions with the target. This type of attack generally exposes a weakness in rate limiting or flow. When successful this attack prevents legitimate users from accessing the service and can cause the target to crash. This attack differs from resource depletion through leaks or allocations in that the latter attacks do not rely on the volume of requests made to the target but instead focus on manipulation of the target's operations. The key factor in a flooding attack is the number of requests the adversary can make in a given period of time. The greater this number, the more likely an attack is to succeed against a given target.
CAPEC-130: Excessive Allocation
An adversary causes the target to allocate excessive resources to servicing the attackers' request, thereby reducing the resources available for legitimate services and degrading or denying services. Usually, this attack focuses on memory allocation, but any finite resource on the target could be the attacked, including bandwidth, processing cycles, or other resources. This attack does not attempt to force this allocation through a large number of requests (that would be Resource Depletion through Flooding) but instead uses one or a small number of requests that are carefully formatted to force the target to allocate excessive resources to service this request(s). Often this attack takes advantage of a bug in the target to cause the target to allocate resources vastly beyond what would be needed for a normal request.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-197: Exponential Data Expansion
An adversary submits data to a target application which contains nested exponential data expansion to produce excessively large output. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. However, this capability can be abused to create excessive demands on a processor's CPU and memory. A small number of nested expansions can result in an exponential growth in demands on memory.
CAPEC-229: Serialized Data Parameter Blowup
This attack exploits certain serialized data parsers (e.g., XML, YAML, etc.) which manage data in an inefficient manner. The attacker crafts an serialized data file with multiple configuration parameters in the same dataset. In a vulnerable parser, this results in a denial of service condition where CPU resources are exhausted because of the parsing algorithm. The weakness being exploited is tied to parser implementation and not language specific.
CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads
Applications often need to transform data in and out of a data format (e.g., XML and YAML) by using a parser. It may be possible for an adversary to inject data that may have an adverse effect on the parser when it is being processed. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. By nesting these structures, causing the data to be repeatedly substituted, an adversary can cause the parser to consume more resources while processing, causing excessive memory consumption and CPU utilization.
CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads
An adversary injects oversized serialized data payloads into a parser during data processing to produce adverse effects upon the parser such as exhausting system resources and arbitrary code execution.
CAPEC-469: HTTP DoS
An attacker performs flooding at the HTTP level to bring down only a particular web application rather than anything listening on a TCP/IP connection. This denial of service attack requires substantially fewer packets to be sent which makes DoS harder to detect. This is an equivalent of SYN flood in HTTP. The idea is to keep the HTTP session alive indefinitely and then repeat that hundreds of times. This attack targets resource depletion weaknesses in web server software. The web server will wait to attacker's responses on the initiated HTTP sessions while the connection threads are being exhausted.
CAPEC-482: TCP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the TCP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service. These attacks exploit the weakness within the TCP protocol where there is some state information for the connection the server needs to maintain. This often involves the use of TCP SYN messages.
CAPEC-486: UDP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the UDP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming the available network bandwidth. Additionally, firewalls often open a port for each UDP connection destined for a service with an open UDP port, meaning the firewalls in essence save the connection state thus the high packet nature of a UDP flood can also overwhelm resources allocated to the firewall. UDP attacks can also target services like DNS or VoIP which utilize these protocols. Additionally, due to the session-less nature of the UDP protocol, the source of a packet is easily spoofed making it difficult to find the source of the attack.
CAPEC-487: ICMP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the ICMP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming the available network bandwidth. A typical attack involves a victim server receiving ICMP packets at a high rate from a wide range of source addresses. Additionally, due to the session-less nature of the ICMP protocol, the source of a packet is easily spoofed making it difficult to find the source of the attack.
CAPEC-488: HTTP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the HTTP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming resources at the application layer such as web services and their infrastructure. These attacks use legitimate session-based HTTP GET requests designed to consume large amounts of a server's resources. Since these are legitimate sessions this attack is very difficult to detect.
CAPEC-489: SSL Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the SSL protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming all the available resources on the server side. These attacks take advantage of the asymmetric relationship between the processing power used by the client and the processing power used by the server to create a secure connection. In this manner the attacker can make a large number of HTTPS requests on a low provisioned machine to tie up a disproportionately large number of resources on the server. The clients then continue to keep renegotiating the SSL connection. When multiplied by a large number of attacking machines, this attack can result in a crash or loss of service to legitimate users.
CAPEC-490: Amplification
An adversary may execute an amplification where the size of a response is far greater than that of the request that generates it. The goal of this attack is to use a relatively few resources to create a large amount of traffic against a target server. To execute this attack, an adversary send a request to a 3rd party service, spoofing the source address to be that of the target server. The larger response that is generated by the 3rd party service is then sent to the target server. By sending a large number of initial requests, the adversary can generate a tremendous amount of traffic directed at the target. The greater the discrepancy in size between the initial request and the final payload delivered to the target increased the effectiveness of this attack.
CAPEC-491: Quadratic Data Expansion
An adversary exploits macro-like substitution to cause a denial of service situation due to excessive memory being allocated to fully expand the data. The result of this denial of service could cause the application to freeze or crash. This involves defining a very large entity and using it multiple times in a single entity substitution. CAPEC-197 is a similar attack pattern, but it is easier to discover and defend against. This attack pattern does not perform multi-level substitution and therefore does not obviously appear to consume extensive resources.
CAPEC-493: SOAP Array Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a web service that uses SOAP messages in communication. By sending a very large SOAP array declaration to the web service, the attacker forces the web service to allocate space for the array elements before they are parsed by the XML parser. The attacker message is typically small in size containing a large array declaration of say 1,000,000 elements and a couple of array elements. This attack targets exhaustion of the memory resources of the web service.
CAPEC-494: TCP Fragmentation
An adversary may execute a TCP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of avoiding filtering rules of network controls, by attempting to fragment the TCP packet such that the headers flag field is pushed into the second fragment which typically is not filtered.
CAPEC-495: UDP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a UDP Fragmentation attack against a target server in an attempt to consume resources such as bandwidth and CPU. IP fragmentation occurs when an IP datagram is larger than the MTU of the route the datagram has to traverse. Typically the attacker will use large UDP packets over 1500 bytes of data which forces fragmentation as ethernet MTU is 1500 bytes. This attack is a variation on a typical UDP flood but it enables more network bandwidth to be consumed with fewer packets. Additionally it has the potential to consume server CPU resources and fill memory buffers associated with the processing and reassembling of fragmented packets.
CAPEC-496: ICMP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a ICMP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of consuming resources or causing a crash. The attacker crafts a large number of identical fragmented IP packets containing a portion of a fragmented ICMP message. The attacker these sends these messages to a target host which causes the host to become non-responsive. Another vector may be sending a fragmented ICMP message to a target host with incorrect sizes in the header which causes the host to hang.
CAPEC-528: XML Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using XML messages with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a web service. These attacks are accomplished by sending a large number of XML based requests and letting the service attempt to parse each one. In many cases this type of an attack will result in a XML Denial of Service (XDoS) due to an application becoming unstable, freezing, or crashing.