Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-434

Allowed

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

5966 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2011-10004 (GCVE-0-2011-10004)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-16 23:31 – Updated: 2024-09-16 15:37
VLAI
Title
reciply Plugin uploadImage.php unrestricted upload
Summary
A vulnerability was found in reciply Plugin up to 1.1.7 on WordPress. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file uploadImage.php. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. Upgrading to version 1.1.8 is able to address this issue. The identifier of the patch is e3ff616dc08d3aadff9253f1085e13f677d0c676. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier VDB-242189 was assigned to this vulnerability.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a reciply Plugin Affected: 1.1.0
Affected: 1.1.1
Affected: 1.1.2
Affected: 1.1.3
Affected: 1.1.4
Affected: 1.1.5
Affected: 1.1.6
Affected: 1.1.7
Credits
VulDB GitHub Commit Analyzer
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2010-1433 (GCVE-0-2010-1433)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-06-21 22:13 – Updated: 2024-08-07 01:21
VLAI
Summary
Joomla! Core is prone to a vulnerability that lets attackers upload arbitrary files because the application fails to properly verify user-supplied input. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to upload arbitrary code and run it in the context of the webserver process. This may facilitate unauthorized access or privilege escalation; other attacks are also possible. Joomla! Core versions 1.5.x ranging from 1.5.0 and up to and including 1.5.15 are vulnerable.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Joomla Affected: Joomla core from 1.5.0 up to and including 1.5.15
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2009-20011 (GCVE-0-2009-20011)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-30 13:46 – Updated: 2026-05-15 11:13
VLAI
Title
ContentKeeper Web Appliance < 125.10 RCE via mimencode
Summary
ContentKeeper Web Appliance (now maintained by Impero Software) versions prior to 125.10 are vulnerable to remote command execution due to insecure handling of file uploads via the mimencode CGI utility. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to upload and execute arbitrary scripts as the Apache user. Additionally, the exploit can optionally escalate privileges by abusing insecure PATH usage in the benetool binary, resulting in root-level access if successful.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Assigner
Impacted products
Credits
Patrick Webster (aushack)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2009-20006 (GCVE-0-2009-20006)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-16 14:33 – Updated: 2026-05-15 11:13
VLAI
Title
osCommerce <= 2.2 Admin File Manager Arbitrary PHP Code Execution
Summary
osCommerce versions up to and including 2.2 RC2a contain a vulnerability in its administrative file manager utility (admin/file_manager.php). The interface allows file uploads and edits without sufficient input validation or access control. An unauthenticated attacker can craft a POST request to upload a .php file containing arbitrary code, which is then executed by the server.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
osCommerce osCommerce Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.2 RC2a (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2009-08-31 00:00
Credits
flyh4t
Show details on NVD website

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          "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/16899"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.oscommerce.com/"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
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          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/oscommerce-arbitrary-php-code-execution"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
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GHSA-2289-PQFQ-6WX7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-01-28 22:26 – Updated: 2021-08-19 16:48
VLAI
Summary
Unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type in Apache Solr
Details

The 8.1.1 and 8.2.0 releases of Apache Solr contain an insecure setting for the ENABLE_REMOTE_JMX_OPTS configuration option in the default solr.in.sh configuration file shipping with Solr. If you use the default solr.in.sh file from the affected releases, then JMX monitoring will be enabled and exposed on RMI_PORT (default=18983), without any authentication. If this port is opened for inbound traffic in your firewall, then anyone with network access to your Solr nodes will be able to access JMX, which may in turn allow them to upload malicious code for execution on the Solr server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.2.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.solr:solr-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.1.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.3.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-12409"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-01-28T22:25:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The 8.1.1 and 8.2.0 releases of Apache Solr contain an insecure setting for the ENABLE_REMOTE_JMX_OPTS configuration option in the default solr.in.sh configuration file shipping with Solr. If you use the default solr.in.sh file from the affected releases, then JMX monitoring will be enabled and exposed on RMI_PORT (default=18983), without any authentication. If this port is opened for inbound traffic in your firewall, then anyone with network access to your Solr nodes will be able to access JMX, which may in turn allow them to upload malicious code for execution on the Solr server.",
  "id": "GHSA-2289-pqfq-6wx7",
  "modified": "2021-08-19T16:48:04Z",
  "published": "2020-01-28T22:26:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-12409"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/github/advisory-review/pull/12462"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/DrunkenShells/Disclosures/tree/master/CVE-2019-12409-RCE%20Vulnerability%20Due%20to%20Bad%20Defalut%20Config-Apache%20Solr"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SOLR-13647"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/47e112035b4aa67ece3b75dbcd1b9c9212895b9dfe2a71f6f7c174e2@%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/6640c7e370fce2b74e466a605a46244ccc40666ad9e3064a4e04a85d@%3Csolr-user.lucene.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/925cdb49ceae78baddb45da7beb9b4d2b1ddc4a8e318c65e91fb4e87@%3Cissues.lucene.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/a044eae4f6f5b0160ece5bf9cc4c0dad90ce7dd9bb210a9dc50b54be@%3Cgeneral.lucene.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ce7c0b456b15f6c7518adefa54ec948fed6de8e951a2584500c1e541@%3Cissues.lucene.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K23720587?utm_source=f5support\u0026amp;utm_medium=RSS"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type in Apache Solr"
}

GHSA-22CP-HQ23-FV85

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-26 03:30 – Updated: 2025-12-03 18:30
VLAI
Details

Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload (upgrade_contents.php) in DB Electronica Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. Mozart FM Transmitter versions 30, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, 6000, 7000 allows an attacker to perform Missing signature validation allows uploading malicious firmware packages.  The firmware upgrade endpoint in upgrade_contents.php accepts arbitrary file uploads without validating file headers, cryptographic signatures, or enforcing .tgz format requirements, allowing malicious firmware injection. This endpoint also subsequently provides ways for arbitrary file uploads and subsequent remote code execution

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-66255"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-345",
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-26T01:16:08Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload (upgrade_contents.php) in DB Electronica Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. Mozart FM Transmitter versions 30, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, 6000, 7000 allows an attacker to perform Missing signature validation allows uploading malicious firmware packages.\u00a0\nThe firmware upgrade endpoint in `upgrade_contents.php` accepts arbitrary file uploads without validating file headers, cryptographic signatures, or enforcing .tgz format requirements, allowing malicious firmware injection. This endpoint also subsequently provides ways for arbitrary file uploads and subsequent remote code execution",
  "id": "GHSA-22cp-hq23-fv85",
  "modified": "2025-12-03T18:30:21Z",
  "published": "2025-11-26T03:30:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66255"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.abdulmhsblog.com/posts/webfmvulns"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-22F5-Q5GP-64WX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-12 15:30 – Updated: 2026-02-17 21:31
VLAI
Details

ThreatSonar Anti-Ransomware from TeamT5 does not properly validate the content of uploaded files. Remote attackers with administrator privileges on the product platform can upload malicious files, which can be used to execute arbitrary system command on the server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-7694"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-12T13:38:58Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "ThreatSonar Anti-Ransomware from TeamT5 does not properly validate the content of uploaded files. Remote attackers with  administrator privileges on the product platform can upload malicious files, which can be used to execute arbitrary system command on the server.",
  "id": "GHSA-22f5-q5gp-64wx",
  "modified": "2026-02-17T21:31:12Z",
  "published": "2024-08-12T15:30:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7694"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2024-7694"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-8000-e5a5c-2.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-7998-d76dd-1.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-22FP-MF44-F2MQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-18 20:24 – Updated: 2025-05-27 19:56
VLAI
Summary
youtube-dl vulnerable to file system modification and RCE through improper file-extension sanitization
Details

Description

This advisory follows the security advisory GHSA-79w7-vh3h-8g4j published by the yt-dlp/yt-dlp project to aid remediation of the issue in the ytdl-org/youtube-dl project.

Vulnerability

youtube-dl does not limit the extensions of downloaded files, which could lead to arbitrary filenames being created in the download folder (and path traversal on Windows).

Impact

Since youtube-dl also reads config from the working directory (and, on Windows, executables will be executed from the youtube-dl directory by default) the vulnerability could allow the unwanted execution of local code, including downloads masquerading as, eg, subtitles.

Patches

The versions of youtube-dl listed as Patched remediate this vulnerability by disallowing path separators and whitelisting allowed extensions. As a result, some very uncommon extensions might not get downloaded.

Master code d42a222 or later and nightly builds tagged 2024-07-03 or later contain the remediation.

Workarounds

Any/all of the below considerations may limit exposure in case it is necessary to use a vulnerable version * have .%(ext)s at the end of the output template * download from websites that you trust * do not download to a directory within the executable search PATH or other sensitive locations, such as your user directory or system directories * in Windows versions that support it, set NoDefaultCurrentDirectoryInExePath to prevent the cmd shell's executable search adding the default directory before PATH * consider that the path traversal vulnerability as a result of resolving non_existent_dir\..\..\target does not exist in Linux or macOS * ensure the extension of the media to download is a common video/audio/... one (use --get-filename) * omit any of the subtitle options (--write-subs/--write-srt, --write-auto-subs/--write-automatic-subs, --all-subs).

References

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "youtube-dl"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2015.01.25"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2021.12.17"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434",
      "CWE-669"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-18T20:24:07Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "#### Description\nThis advisory follows the security advisory [GHSA-79w7-vh3h-8g4j published by the _yt-dlp/yt-dlp_ project](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-79w7-vh3h-8g4j) to aid remediation of the issue in the _ytdl-org/youtube-dl_ project.\n\n### Vulnerability\n_youtube-dl_ does not limit the extensions of downloaded files, which could lead to arbitrary filenames being created in the download folder (and path traversal on Windows). \n\n### Impact\nSince _youtube-dl_ also reads config from the working directory (and, on Windows, executables will be executed from the _youtube-dl_ directory by default) the vulnerability could allow the unwanted execution of local code, including downloads masquerading as, eg, subtitles.\n\n### Patches\nThe versions of _youtube-dl_ listed as _Patched_ remediate this vulnerability by disallowing path separators and whitelisting allowed extensions. As a result, some very uncommon extensions might not get downloaded.\n\n**Master code d42a222 or later and nightly builds tagged 2024-07-03 or later** contain the remediation.\n\n### Workarounds\nAny/all of the below considerations may limit exposure in case it is necessary to use a vulnerable version\n* have `.%(ext)s` at the end of the output template\n* download from websites that you trust\n* do not download to a directory within the executable search `PATH` or other sensitive locations, such as your user directory or system directories\n* in Windows versions that support it, set [`NoDefaultCurrentDirectoryInExePath`](https://stackoverflow.com/a/50118548) to prevent the _cmd_ shell\u0027s executable search adding the default directory before `PATH`\n* consider that the path traversal vulnerability as a result of resolving `non_existent_dir\\..\\..\\target` does not exist in Linux or macOS\n* ensure the extension of the media to download is a common video/audio/... one (use `--get-filename`)\n* omit any of the subtitle options (`--write-subs`/` --write-srt`, `--write-auto-subs`/`--write-automatic-subs`, `--all-subs`).\n\n### References\n* [GHSA-79w7-vh3h-8g4j](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-79w7-vh3h-8g4j)\n* https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/32830",
  "id": "GHSA-22fp-mf44-f2mq",
  "modified": "2025-05-27T19:56:40Z",
  "published": "2025-04-18T20:24:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dirkf/youtube-dl/security/advisories/GHSA-22fp-mf44-f2mq"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-79w7-vh3h-8g4j"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38519"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/32830"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/commit/d42a222ed541b96649396ef00e19552aef0f09ec"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/dirkf/youtube-dl"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-089_youtube-dl"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "youtube-dl vulnerable to file system modification and RCE through improper file-extension sanitization"
}

GHSA-22Q3-4V32-4M7C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-15 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:31
VLAI
Details

Tmall_demo v2024.07.03 was discovered to contain an arbitrary file upload via the component uploadUserHeadImage.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-40553"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-15T16:15:03Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Tmall_demo v2024.07.03 was discovered to contain an arbitrary file upload via the component uploadUserHeadImage.",
  "id": "GHSA-22q3-4v32-4m7c",
  "modified": "2024-08-01T15:31:59Z",
  "published": "2024-07-15T18:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40553"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitee.com/project_team/Tmall_demo/issues/IAANVC"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-22WM-VGH4-2J44

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:58 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:09
VLAI
Details

Yealink phones through 2019-08-04 do not properly check user roles in POST requests. Consequently, the default User account (with a password of user) can make admin requests via HTTP.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-14656"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-10-08T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Yealink phones through 2019-08-04 do not properly check user roles in POST requests. Consequently, the default User account (with a password of user) can make admin requests via HTTP.",
  "id": "GHSA-22wm-vgh4-2j44",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:09:49Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:58:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-14656"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sway.office.com/3pCb559LYVuT0eig"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://cerebusforensics.com/yealink/exploit.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation
Implementation

When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.