CWE-367
Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
CVE-2026-44694 (GCVE-0-2026-44694)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 19:12 – Updated: 2026-05-12 02:05
VLAI
Title
n8n-MCP: Authenticated SSRF in n8n-mcp webhook and API client paths
Summary
n8n-MCP is an MCP server that provides AI assistants access to n8n node documentation, properties, and operations. From version 2.18.7 to before version 2.50.2, there is an authenticated server-side request forgery vulnerability affecting the webhook trigger tools, the n8n API client (N8N_API_URL), and per-request URLs supplied via the x-n8n-url header in multi-tenant HTTP mode. This issue has been patched in version 2.50.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/czlonkowski/n8n-mcp/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/czlonkowski/n8n-mcp/commit/bca… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/czlonkowski/n8n-mcp/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| czlonkowski | n8n-mcp |
Affected:
>= 2.18.7, < 2.50.2
|
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CVE-2026-45208 (GCVE-0-2026-45208)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-21 13:04 – Updated: 2026-05-22 03:55
VLAI
Summary
A time-of-check time-of-use vulnerability in the Apex One/SEP agent could allow a local attacker to escalate privileges on affected installations.
Please note: an attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trend Micro, Inc. | TrendAI Apex One |
Affected:
2019 (14.0) , < 14.0.0.17079
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:trendmicro:apexone_op:14.0.0.17079:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Trend Micro, Inc. | TrendAI Apex One as a Service |
Affected:
SaaS , < 14.0.20731
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:trendmicro:apexone_saas:14.0.0.20731:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-45619 (GCVE-0-2026-45619)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 13:11 – Updated: 2026-05-29 14:02
VLAI
Title
AVideo CVE-2026-43884 incomplete fix - `isSSRFSafeURL()` call sites still discard the `$resolvedIP` out-param at master HEAD post
Summary
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In 29.0 and earlier, EpgParser.php, plugin/AI/receiveAsync.json.php, and other locations do not use the $resolvedIP out-param of isSSRFSafeURL() for DNS pinning via CURLOPT_RESOLVE, opening DNS-rebinding TOCTOU.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-4878 (GCVE-0-2026-4878)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-09 14:49 – Updated: 2026-06-03 23:49
VLAI
Title
Libcap: libcap: privilege escalation via toctou race condition in cap_set_file()
Summary
A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the `cap_set_file()` function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
23 references
Impacted products
25 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:2.69-7.el10_1.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:2.69-7.el10_2.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:2.69-7.el10_0.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-6.el8_10.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-5.el8_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-5.el8_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-10.el9_7.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-10.el9_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-9.el9_2.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-9.el9_4.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-9.el9_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Discovery 2 |
Unaffected:
1778101579 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Discovery 2 |
Unaffected:
1778156756 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
2.78-1.1.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Insights proxy 1.5 |
Unaffected:
1780420428 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:insights_proxy:1.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing 3.9.3 |
Unaffected:
1778056267 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_distributed_tracing:3.9::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing 3.9.3 |
Unaffected:
1778056233 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_distributed_tracing:3.9::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing 3.9.3 |
Unaffected:
1778056245 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_distributed_tracing:3.9::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 |
Unaffected:
1779798159 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 |
Unaffected:
1779798164 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 |
Unaffected:
1779798165 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 |
Unaffected:
1779798222 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4 |
Date Public
2026-04-06 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-5958 (GCVE-0-2026-5958)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-20 11:59 – Updated: 2026-05-13 05:17 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Race Condition in GNU Sed
Summary
When sed is invoked with both -i (in-place edit) and --follow-symlinks, the function open_next_file() performs two separate, non-atomic filesystem operations on the same path:
1. resolves symlink to its target and stores the resolved path for determining when output is written,
2. opens the original symlink path (not the resolved one) to read the file.
Between these two calls there is a race window. If an attacker atomically replaces the symlink with a different target during that window, sed will: read content from the new (attacker-chosen) symlink target and write the processed result to the path recorded in step 1. This can lead to arbitrary file overwrite with attacker-controlled content in the context of the sed process.
This issue was fixed in version 4.10.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.gnu.org/software/sed/ | product |
| https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/04/CVE-2026-5958 | third-party-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/13/1 |
Date Public
2026-04-20 12:03
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CVE-2026-6180 (GCVE-0-2026-6180)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-05 06:19 – Updated: 2026-05-05 14:13
VLAI
Title
PaperCut MF: Card truncation on HP readers
Summary
A race condition exists in PaperCut MF when processing badge-swipe data from certain HP multifunction devices. Under specific network conditions involving dropped packets and out-of-order sequence counters, the server may incorrectly process fragmented data chunks. If a sequence reset notification fails to reach the server, the server may reject the initial data chunk while erroneously accepting subsequent chunks before a connection reset completes.
This leads to the registration of a truncated badge ID string. While this typically results in an authentication failure, the vulnerability is compounded in environments utilizing custom badge-ID post-processing scripts. In such configurations, the truncated string may be transformed into a valid ID belonging to a different user, leading to unauthorized session establishment (Incorrect User Login) on the device.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PaperCut | PaperCut NG/MF |
Affected:
0 , < 24.1.9
(semver)
Affected: 0 , < 25.0.10 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-7724 (GCVE-0-2026-7724)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-04 02:45 – Updated: 2026-05-05 00:54 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
PrefectHQ prefect Webhook/Notification validate_restricted_url toctou
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in PrefectHQ prefect up to 3.6.28.dev1. Affected by this vulnerability is the function validate_restricted_url of the component Webhook/Notification. The manipulation leads to time-of-check time-of-use. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The attack is considered to have high complexity. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 3.6.28.dev2 addresses this issue. The identifier of the patch is 7c70ac54a5e101431d83b9f2681ec88d5e0021ed. Upgrading the affected component is advised. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/360900 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/360900/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/807303 | third-party-advisory |
| https://linear.app/prefect/issue/OSS-7874/fix-dns… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect/pull/21591 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://gist.github.com/nedlir/fa99777e8989414585… | exploit |
| https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect/commit/7c70a… | patch |
| https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect/releases/tag… | patch |
| https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect/ | product |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-7791 (GCVE-0-2026-7791)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-04 22:07 – Updated: 2026-05-06 03:56
VLAI
Summary
Improper privilege management in the log rotation mechanism of the Skylight Workspace Config Service in Amazon WorkSpaces for Windows before 2.6.2034.0 allows a local non-admin authenticated user to place arbitrary files into arbitrary locations bypassing file system permission protections, leading to local privilege escalation to SYSTEM.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-Check Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletin… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon | Workspaces |
Unaffected:
2.6.2034.0
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CVE-2026-7837 (GCVE-0-2026-7837)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-21 08:14 – Updated: 2026-05-21 12:50
VLAI
Title
TOCTOU with root privilege in ad_flush
Summary
A time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) condition in the ad_flush function in Netatalk 3.0.0 through 4.4.2 involves root-privileged file operations, which may allow a remote attacker to cause limited data modification under specific race conditions.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://netatalk.io/security/CVE-2026-7837 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-05-13 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-7846 (GCVE-0-2026-7846)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-05 16:00 – Updated: 2026-05-05 16:11
VLAI
Title
chatchat-space Langchain-Chatchat OpenAI-Compatible File Upload API openai_routes.py files toctou
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in chatchat-space Langchain-Chatchat up to 0.3.1.3. Impacted is the function files of the file libs/chatchat-server/chatchat/server/api_server/openai_routes.py of the component OpenAI-Compatible File Upload API. Such manipulation of the argument file.filename leads to time-of-check time-of-use. Access to the local network is required for this attack to succeed. The attack requires a high level of complexity. The exploitability is considered difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/361125 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/361125/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/807795 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/chatchat-space/Langchain-Chatc… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/3em0/cve_repo/blob/main/Langch… | exploit |
| https://github.com/chatchat-space/Langchain-Chatchat/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| chatchat-space | Langchain-Chatchat |
Affected:
0.3.1.0
Affected: 0.3.1.1 Affected: 0.3.1.2 Affected: 0.3.1.3 |
Credits
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Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
Phases: Implementation, Architecture and Design
Description:
- If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.