CWE-341
Predictable from Observable State
A number or object is predictable based on observations that the attacker can make about the state of the system or network, such as time, process ID, etc.
CVE-2025-40780 (GCVE-0-2025-40780)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-10-22 15:48
Modified
2025-11-04 21:10
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-341 - Predictable from Observable State
Summary
In specific circumstances, due to a weakness in the Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) that is used, it is possible for an attacker to predict the source port and query ID that BIND will use.
This issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.16.0 through 9.16.50, 9.18.0 through 9.18.39, 9.20.0 through 9.20.13, 9.21.0 through 9.21.12, 9.16.8-S1 through 9.16.50-S1, 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.39-S1, and 9.20.9-S1 through 9.20.13-S1.
References
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
Impacted products
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-40780",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-10-22T17:27:36.366032Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-22T17:27:49.476Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-04T21:10:16.728Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/10/22/1"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "BIND 9",
"vendor": "ISC",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "9.16.50",
"status": "affected",
"version": "9.16.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "9.18.39",
"status": "affected",
"version": "9.18.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "9.20.13",
"status": "affected",
"version": "9.20.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "9.21.12",
"status": "affected",
"version": "9.21.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "9.16.50-S1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "9.16.8-S1",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "9.18.39-S1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "9.18.11-S1",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "9.20.13-S1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "9.20.9-S1",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "ISC would like to thank Prof. Amit Klein and Omer Ben Simhon from Hebrew University of Jerusalem for bringing this vulnerability to our attention."
}
],
"datePublic": "2025-10-22T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In specific circumstances, due to a weakness in the Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) that is used, it is possible for an attacker to predict the source port and query ID that BIND will use.\nThis issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.16.0 through 9.16.50, 9.18.0 through 9.18.39, 9.20.0 through 9.20.13, 9.21.0 through 9.21.12, 9.16.8-S1 through 9.16.50-S1, 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.39-S1, and 9.20.9-S1 through 9.20.13-S1."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "We are not aware of any active exploits."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "BIND can be tricked into caching attacker responses, if the spoofing is successful."
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 8.6,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-341",
"description": "CWE-341 Predictable from Observable State",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-22T15:48:27.146Z",
"orgId": "404fd4d2-a609-4245-b543-2c944a302a22",
"shortName": "isc"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "CVE-2025-40780",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2025-40780"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Upgrade to the patched release most closely related to your current version of BIND 9: 9.18.41, 9.20.15, 9.21.14, 9.18.41-S1, or 9.20.15-S1."
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Cache poisoning due to weak PRNG",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "No workarounds known."
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "404fd4d2-a609-4245-b543-2c944a302a22",
"assignerShortName": "isc",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-40780",
"datePublished": "2025-10-22T15:48:27.146Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T08:44:49.857Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-04T21:10:16.728Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-42925 (GCVE-0-2025-42925)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-09-09 02:09
Modified
2025-09-09 14:27
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-341 - Predictable from Observable State
Summary
Due to the lack of randomness in assigning Object Identifiers in the SAP NetWeaver AS JAVA IIOP service, an authenticated attacker with low privileges could predict the identifiers by conducting a brute force search. By leveraging knowledge of several identifiers generated close to the same time, the attacker could determine a desired identifier which could enable them to access limited system information. This poses a low risk to confidentiality without impacting the integrity or availability of the service.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAP_SE | SAP NetWeaver AS Java (IIOP Service) |
Version: SERVERCORE 7.50 |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-42925",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-09-09T14:21:55.982173Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-09T14:27:03.197Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "SAP NetWeaver AS Java (IIOP Service)",
"vendor": "SAP_SE",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "SERVERCORE 7.50"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eDue to the lack of randomness in assigning Object Identifiers in the SAP NetWeaver AS JAVA IIOP service, an authenticated attacker with low privileges could predict the identifiers by conducting a brute force search. By leveraging knowledge of several identifiers generated close to the same time, the attacker could determine a desired identifier which could enable them to access limited system information. This poses a low risk to confidentiality without impacting the integrity or availability of the service.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Due to the lack of randomness in assigning Object Identifiers in the SAP NetWeaver AS JAVA IIOP service, an authenticated attacker with low privileges could predict the identifiers by conducting a brute force search. By leveraging knowledge of several identifiers generated close to the same time, the attacker could determine a desired identifier which could enable them to access limited system information. This poses a low risk to confidentiality without impacting the integrity or availability of the service."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-341",
"description": "CWE-341: Predictable from Observable State",
"lang": "eng",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-09T02:09:55.833Z",
"orgId": "e4686d1a-f260-4930-ac4c-2f5c992778dd",
"shortName": "sap"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3640477"
},
{
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Predictable Object Identifier vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver AS Java (IIOP Service)",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "e4686d1a-f260-4930-ac4c-2f5c992778dd",
"assignerShortName": "sap",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-42925",
"datePublished": "2025-09-09T02:09:55.833Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T13:25:32.384Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-09T14:27:03.197Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Increase the entropy used to seed a PRNG.
Mitigation ID: MIT-2
Phases: Architecture and Design, Requirements
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use products or modules that conform to FIPS 140-2 [REF-267] to avoid obvious entropy problems. Consult FIPS 140-2 Annex C ("Approved Random Number Generators").
Mitigation ID: MIT-50
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Use a PRNG that periodically re-seeds itself using input from high-quality sources, such as hardware devices with high entropy. However, do not re-seed too frequently, or else the entropy source might block.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.