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CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
CVE-2021-24375 (GCVE-0-2021-24375)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-06 11:03 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:28
VLAI
Title
Motor theme < 3.1.0 - Local File Inclusion
Summary
Lack of authentication or validation in motor_load_more, motor_gallery_load_more, motor_quick_view and motor_project_quick_view AJAX handlers of the Motor WordPress theme before 3.1.0 allows an unauthenticated attacker access to arbitrary files in the server file system, and to execute arbitrary php scripts found on the server file system. We found no vulnerability for uploading files with this theme, so any scripts to be executed must already be on the server file system.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/d9518429-79d3-4b… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://jetpack.com/2021/06/09/motor-wordpress-th… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2021-24447 (GCVE-0-2021-24447)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-19 10:53 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:28
VLAI
Title
WP Image Zoom < 1.47 - Local File Inclusion
Summary
The WP Image Zoom WordPress plugin before 1.47 did not validate its tab parameter before using it in the include_once() function, leading to a local file inclusion issue in the admin dashboard
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/fb9dbcdf-4ffd-48… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown | WP Image Zoom |
Affected:
1.47 , < 1.47
(custom)
|
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CVE-2021-24453 (GCVE-0-2021-24453)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-19 10:53 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:28
VLAI
Title
Include Me <= 1.2.1 - Authenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) via LFI log poisoning
Summary
The Include Me WordPress plugin through 1.2.1 is vulnerable to path traversal / local file inclusion, which can lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE) of the system due to log poisoning and therefore potentially a full compromise of the underlying structure
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/78575072-4e04-4a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown | Include Me |
Affected:
1.2.1 , ≤ 1.2.1
(custom)
|
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CVE-2021-24549 (GCVE-0-2021-24549)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-08-23 11:10 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:35
VLAI
Title
AceIDE <= 2.6.2 - Authenticated (admin+) Arbitrary File Access
Summary
The AceIDE WordPress plugin through 2.6.2 does not sanitise or validate the user input which is appended to system paths before using it in various actions, such as to read arbitrary files from the server. This allows high privilege users such as administrator to access any file on the web server outside of the blog directory via a path traversal attack.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/c594abaf-b152-44… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://codevigilant.com/disclosure/2021/wp-plugi… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2021-24638 (GCVE-0-2021-24638)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-09-20 10:06 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:35
VLAI
Title
OMGF < 4.5.4 - Unauthenticated Path Traversal in REST API
Summary
The OMGF WordPress plugin before 4.5.4 does not escape or validate the handle parameter of the REST API, which allows unauthenticated users to perform path traversal and overwrite arbitrary CSS file with Google Fonts CSS, or download fonts uploaded on Google Fonts website.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/c783a746-f1fe-4d… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown | OMGF | Host Google Fonts Locally |
Affected:
4.5.4 , < 4.5.4
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2021-24639 (GCVE-0-2021-24639)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-09-20 10:06 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:35
VLAI
Title
OMGF < 4.5.4 - Subscriber+ Arbitrary File/Folder Deletion
Summary
The OMGF WordPress plugin before 4.5.4 does not enforce path validation, authorisation and CSRF checks in the omgf_ajax_empty_dir AJAX action, which allows any authenticated users to delete arbitrary files or folders on the server.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/1ada2a96-32aa-4e… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown | OMGF | Host Google Fonts Locally |
Affected:
4.5.4 , < 4.5.4
(custom)
|
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CVE-2021-24644 (GCVE-0-2021-24644)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-11-23 19:16 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:35
VLAI
Title
Images to WebP < 1.9 - Authenticated Local File Inclusion
Summary
The Images to WebP WordPress plugin before 1.9 does not validate or sanitise the tab parameter before passing it to the include() function, which could lead to a Local File Inclusion issue
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/5a363eeb-9510-45… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown | Images to WebP |
Affected:
1.9 , < 1.9
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2021-24689 (GCVE-0-2021-24689)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-02-28 09:06 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:42
VLAI
Title
Contact Forms - Drag & Drop Contact Form Builder <= 1.0.5 - Admin+ Arbitrary System File Read
Summary
The Contact Forms - Drag & Drop Contact Form Builder WordPress plugin through 1.0.5 allows high privilege users to download arbitrary files from the web server via a path traversal attack
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/31824250-e0d4-42… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown | Contact Forms – Drag & Drop Contact Form Builder |
Affected:
1.0.5 , ≤ 1.0.5
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2021-24692 (GCVE-0-2021-24692)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-03-14 14:40 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:42
VLAI
Title
Simple Download Monitor < 3.9.5 - Contributor+ Arbitrary File Download via Path Traversal
Summary
The Simple Download Monitor WordPress plugin before 3.9.5 allows users with a role as low as Contributor to download any file on the web server (such as wp-config.php) via a path traversal vector.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/4c9fe97e-3d9b-40… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown | Simple Download Monitor |
Affected:
3.9.5 , < 3.9.5
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2021-24761 (GCVE-0-2021-24761)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-02-01 12:21 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:42
VLAI
Title
Error Log Viewer < 1.1.2 - Arbitrary Text File Deletion via CSRF
Summary
The Error Log Viewer WordPress plugin before 1.1.2 does not perform nonce check when deleting a log file and does not have path traversal prevention, which could allow attackers to make a logged in admin delete arbitrary text files on the web server.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/c14e1ba6-fc00-41… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown | Error Log Viewer by BestWebSoft |
Affected:
1.1.2 , < 1.1.2
(custom)
|
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Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation ID: MIT-4
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-39
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.