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CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
CVE-2026-7212 (GCVE-0-2026-7212)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-28 01:15 – Updated: 2026-04-29 14:13
VLAI
Title
edvardlindelof notes-mcp notes_mcp.py path traversal
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in edvardlindelof notes-mcp up to 0.1.4. This affects an unknown function of the file notes_mcp.py. The manipulation of the argument root_dir/path leads to path traversal. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359808 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359808/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/802084 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/edvardlindelof/notes-mcp/issues/2 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/edvardlindelof/notes-mcp/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| edvardlindelof | notes-mcp |
Affected:
0.1.0
Affected: 0.1.1 Affected: 0.1.2 Affected: 0.1.3 Affected: 0.1.4 |
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CVE-2026-7213 (GCVE-0-2026-7213)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-28 01:30 – Updated: 2026-04-29 14:06
VLAI
Title
ef10007 MLOps_MCP save_file Tool fastmcp_server.py path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in ef10007 MLOps_MCP 1.0.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file fastmcp_server.py of the component save_file Tool. The manipulation of the argument filename/destination results in path traversal. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit is now public and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359809 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359809/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/802085 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/ef10007/MLOps_MCP/issues/1 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/ef10007/MLOps_MCP/ | product |
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CVE-2026-7214 (GCVE-0-2026-7214)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-28 01:45 – Updated: 2026-04-28 12:37
VLAI
Title
eghuzefa engineer-your-data server.py file_inf path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in eghuzefa engineer-your-data up to 0.1.3. This vulnerability affects the function read_file/write_file/list_files/file_inf of the file src/server.py. The manipulation of the argument WORKSPACE_PATH leads to path traversal. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359814 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359814/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/802086 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/eghuzefa/engineer-your-data-mc… | exploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| eghuzefa | engineer-your-data |
Affected:
0.1.0
Affected: 0.1.1 Affected: 0.1.2 Affected: 0.1.3 |
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CVE-2026-7216 (GCVE-0-2026-7216)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-28 02:15 – Updated: 2026-04-28 14:32
VLAI
Title
donchelo processing-claude-mcp-bridge create_sketch Tool processing_server.py path traversal
Summary
A weakness has been identified in donchelo processing-claude-mcp-bridge up to e017b20a4b592a45531a6392f494007f04e661bd. Impacted is an unknown function of the file processing_server.py of the component create_sketch Tool. This manipulation of the argument sketch_name causes path traversal. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. This product follows a rolling release approach for continuous delivery, so version details for affected or updated releases are not provided. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359816 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359816/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/802090 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/donchelo/processing-claude-mcp… | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/donchelo/processing-claude-mcp… | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| donchelo | processing-claude-mcp-bridge |
Affected:
e017b20a4b592a45531a6392f494007f04e661bd
|
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CVE-2026-7217 (GCVE-0-2026-7217)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-28 02:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 12:49
VLAI
Title
Deepractice PromptX Document File index.ts read_pdf absolute path traversal
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in Deepractice PromptX up to 2.4.0. The affected element is the function read_docx/read_xlsx/read_pptx/list_xlsx_sheets/read_pdf of the file packages/mcp-office/src/index.ts of the component Document File Handler. Such manipulation of the argument path leads to absolute path traversal. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359817 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359817/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/802120 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Deepractice/PromptX/issues/571 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/Deepractice/PromptX/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deepractice | PromptX |
Affected:
2.0
Affected: 2.1 Affected: 2.2 Affected: 2.3 Affected: 2.4.0 |
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CVE-2026-7234 (GCVE-0-2026-7234)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-28 06:15 – Updated: 2026-04-28 12:36
VLAI
Title
BrowserOperator browser-operator-core server.js startsWith path traversal
Summary
A weakness has been identified in BrowserOperator browser-operator-core up to 0.6.0. Affected is the function startsWith of the file scripts/component_server/server.js. Executing a manipulation of the argument request.url can lead to path traversal. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359843 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359843/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/802762 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/BrowserOperator/browser-operat… | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/BrowserOperator/browser-operat… | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BrowserOperator | browser-operator-core |
Affected:
0.1
Affected: 0.2 Affected: 0.3 Affected: 0.4 Affected: 0.5 Affected: 0.6.0 |
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CVE-2026-7235 (GCVE-0-2026-7235)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-28 06:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 14:33
VLAI
Title
ErlichLiu claude-agent-sdk-master route.ts path traversal
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in ErlichLiu claude-agent-sdk-master up to b185aa7ff0d864581257008077b4010fca1747bf. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file app/api/agent-output/route.ts. The manipulation of the argument outputFile leads to path traversal. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. This product uses a rolling release model to deliver continuous updates. As a result, specific version information for affected or updated releases is not available. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359844 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359844/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/802828 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/ErlichLiu/claude-agent-sdk-mas… | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/ErlichLiu/claude-agent-sdk-master/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ErlichLiu | claude-agent-sdk-master |
Affected:
b185aa7ff0d864581257008077b4010fca1747bf
|
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CVE-2026-7237 (GCVE-0-2026-7237)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-28 06:45 – Updated: 2026-04-28 14:13 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
AgiFlow scaffold-mcp write-to-file Tool index.ts path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in AgiFlow scaffold-mcp up to 1.0.27. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file packages/scaffold-mcp/src/server/index.ts of the component write-to-file Tool. The manipulation of the argument file_path results in path traversal. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.1.0 can resolve this issue. The patch is identified as c4d23592ae5fb59cfeefc4641e6826f8ac89b9c6. You should upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359845 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359845/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/802836 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/AgiFlow/aicode-toolkit/issues/88 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/AgiFlow/aicode-toolkit/pull/89 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/AgiFlow/aicode-toolkit/commit/… | patch |
| https://github.com/AgiFlow/aicode-toolkit/release… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AgiFlow | scaffold-mcp |
Affected:
1.0.0
Affected: 1.0.1 Affected: 1.0.2 Affected: 1.0.3 Affected: 1.0.4 Affected: 1.0.5 Affected: 1.0.6 Affected: 1.0.7 Affected: 1.0.8 Affected: 1.0.9 Affected: 1.0.10 Affected: 1.0.11 Affected: 1.0.12 Affected: 1.0.13 Affected: 1.0.14 Affected: 1.0.15 Affected: 1.0.16 Affected: 1.0.17 Affected: 1.0.18 Affected: 1.0.19 Affected: 1.0.20 Affected: 1.0.21 Affected: 1.0.22 Affected: 1.0.23 Affected: 1.0.24 Affected: 1.0.25 Affected: 1.0.26 Affected: 1.0.27 Unaffected: 1.1.0 |
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CVE-2026-7252 (GCVE-0-2026-7252)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-07 04:27 – Updated: 2026-05-07 14:15
VLAI
Title
WP-Optimize <= 4.5.2 - Authenticated (Author+) Arbitrary File Deletion via 'original-file' Post Meta
Summary
The WP-Optimize – Cache, Compress images, Minify & Clean database to boost page speed & performance plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file deletion due to insufficient file path validation in the unscheduled_original_file_deletion function in all versions up to, and including, 4.5.2 This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with author-level access and above, to delete arbitrary files on the server, which can easily lead to remote code execution when the right file is deleted (such as wp-config.php). This is possible because 'original-file' is a public (non-protected) meta key — it does not begin with an underscore — allowing Authors to freely create or modify it on their own attachment posts via the standard Edit Media form or the REST API.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
9 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| davidanderson | WP-Optimize – Cache, Compress images, Minify & Clean database to boost page speed & performance |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.5.2
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-7271 (GCVE-0-2026-7271)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-28 12:15 – Updated: 2026-04-29 15:10 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
DV0x creative-ad-agent creative-ad-agent-server sdk-server.ts path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in DV0x creative-ad-agent up to 751b9e5146604dc65049bd0f62dcbdad6212f8a3. Impacted is an unknown function of the file server/sdk-server.ts of the component creative-ad-agent-server. Performing a manipulation of the argument req.params results in path traversal. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit is now public and may be used. This product follows a rolling release approach for continuous delivery, so version details for affected or updated releases are not provided. The patch is named 3d255865a957f3740b8724dd914502c0f44d4970. Applying a patch is the recommended action to fix this issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359926 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/359926/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/802887 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/DV0x/creative-ad-agent/issues/1 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/DV0x/creative-ad-agent/commit/… | patch |
| https://github.com/DV0x/creative-ad-agent/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DV0x | creative-ad-agent |
Affected:
751b9e5146604dc65049bd0f62dcbdad6212f8a3
|
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"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 5,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N/E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-22",
"description": "Path Traversal",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-28T12:15:13.901Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-359926 | DV0x creative-ad-agent creative-ad-agent-server sdk-server.ts path traversal",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359926"
},
{
"name": "VDB-359926 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359926/cti"
},
{
"name": "Submit #802887 | DV0x creative-ad-agent Commit751b9e5146604dc65049bd0f62dcbdad6212f8a3 Path Traversal",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/802887"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit",
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/DV0x/creative-ad-agent/issues/1"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/DV0x/creative-ad-agent/commit/3d255865a957f3740b8724dd914502c0f44d4970"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/DV0x/creative-ad-agent/"
}
],
"tags": [
"x_open-source"
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-04-28T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-04-28T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-04-28T07:46:22.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "DV0x creative-ad-agent creative-ad-agent-server sdk-server.ts path traversal"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-7271",
"datePublished": "2026-04-28T12:15:13.901Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-28T05:41:16.875Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-29T15:10:33.333Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation ID: MIT-4
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-39
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.