Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-22

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.

CVE-2026-42737 (GCVE-0-2026-42737)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 09:49 – Updated: 2026-05-27 10:52

Title

WordPress VikBooking Hotel Booking Engine & PMS plugin <= 1.8.9 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability

Summary

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in e4jvikwp VikBooking Hotel Booking Engine & PMS vikbooking allows Path Traversal.This issue affects VikBooking Hotel Booking Engine & PMS: from n/a through <= 1.8.9.

Severity

8.6 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

Patchstack

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/…	vdb-entry

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
e4jvikwp	VikBooking Hotel Booking Engine & PMS	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.8.9 (custom)

Date Public

2026-05-27 11:08

Credits

dodoh4t | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-42756 (GCVE-0-2026-42756)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 09:49 – Updated: 2026-05-27 10:48

Title

WordPress QuickWebP – Compress / Optimize Images & Convert WebP | SEO Friendly plugin <= 3.2.7 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability

Summary

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in Ludwig You QuickWebP – Compress / Optimize Images & Convert WebP | SEO Friendly quickwebp allows Path Traversal.This issue affects QuickWebP – Compress / Optimize Images & Convert WebP | SEO Friendly: from n/a through <= 3.2.7.

Severity

9.9 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

Patchstack

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/…	vdb-entry

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Ludwig You	QuickWebP – Compress / Optimize Images & Convert WebP \| SEO Friendly	Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.2.7 (custom)

Date Public

2026-05-27 11:08

Credits

dodoh4t | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-42757 (GCVE-0-2026-42757)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 09:49 – Updated: 2026-05-27 10:48

Title

WordPress WebinarIgnition plugin < 4.08.253 - Arbitrary File Deletion vulnerability

Summary

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in Saleswonder Team: Tobias WebinarIgnition webinar-ignition allows Path Traversal.This issue affects WebinarIgnition: from n/a through < 4.08.253.

Severity

9.9 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

Patchstack

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/…	vdb-entry

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Saleswonder Team: Tobias	WebinarIgnition	Affected: 0 , ≤ 4.08.253 (custom)

Date Public

2026-05-27 11:08

Credits

hhhai | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-42780 (GCVE-0-2026-42780)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 14:12 – Updated: 2026-05-13 16:16

Title

BIG-IP SSL Orchestrator vulnerability

Summary

A directory traversal vulnerability exists in BIG-IP SSL Orchestrator that allows an authenticated attacker with high privilege to overwrite, delete or corrupt arbitrary local files. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.

Severity

4.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000149743	vendor-advisorypatch

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
F5	BIG-IP	Unaffected: 21.1.0 , < * (custom) Affected: 21.0.0 , < 21.0.0.1 (custom) Affected: 17.5.0 , < 17.5.1.5 (custom) Affected: 17.1.0 , < 17.1.3.1 (custom) Affected: 16.1.0 , < * (custom)
F5	SSL Orchestrator	Unaffected: 14.0 , < * (custom) Affected: 13.0 , < 13.1.3 (custom) Affected: 12.0 , < 12.3.2 (custom) Affected: 11.0 , < 11.4.1 (custom)

Date Public

2026-05-13 14:00

Credits

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-4280 (GCVE-0-2026-4280)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-22 07:45 – Updated: 2026-04-23 13:44

Title

Breaking News WP <= 1.3 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Local File Inclusion/Read

Summary

The Breaking News WP plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.3. This is due to the brnwp_ajax_form AJAX endpoint lacking both authorization checks and CSRF verification, combined with insufficient path validation when the brnwp_theme option value is passed directly to an include() statement in the brnwp_show_breaking_news_wp() shortcode handler. While sanitize_text_field() is applied to user input, it does not strip directory traversal sequences (../). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to overwrite the brnwp_theme option with a directory traversal payload (e.g., ../../../../etc/passwd) and subsequently trigger file inclusion of arbitrary files on the server when the shortcode is rendered.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

Wordfence

References

7 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/breaki…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/breaki…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/breaki…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/breaki…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/breaki…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/breaki…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
doctorwp	Breaking News WP	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.3 (semver)

Credits

Nguyen Minh Toan

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-4285 (GCVE-0-2026-4285)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-16 23:32 – Updated: 2026-03-17 13:20

Title

taoofagi easegen-admin Pdf2MdUtil.java recognizeMarkdown path traversal

Summary

A vulnerability was identified in taoofagi easegen-admin up to 8f87936ac774065b92fb20aab55b274a6ea76433. Impacted is the function recognizeMarkdown of the file yudao-module-digitalcourse/yudao-module-digitalcourse-biz/src/main/java/cn/iocoder/yudao/module/digitalcourse/util/Pdf2MdUtil.java. Such manipulation of the argument fileUrl leads to path traversal. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. This product takes the approach of rolling releases to provide continious delivery. Therefore, version details for affected and updated releases are not available. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Severity

5.1 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

2.7 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

2.7 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Path Traversal

Assigner

VulDB

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.351291	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351291	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.771950	third-party-advisory
https://fx4tqqfvdw4.feishu.cn/docx/KezQdqzVGoTVj9…	exploit

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
taoofagi	easegen-admin	Affected: 8f87936ac774065b92fb20aab55b274a6ea76433

Credits

xcxr (VulDB User) VulDB

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-42866 (GCVE-0-2026-42866)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-11 18:23 – Updated: 2026-05-11 18:36

Title

Tookie: Arbitrary file write via path traversal in -u username / -U userfile output filename

Summary

Tookie is a advanced OSINT information gathering tool. Prior to 4.1fix, modules/modules.py's write_txt, write_csv, write_json, and (commented-but-shipping) scan_file helpers open their output as open(f"{user}.<ext>"), where user comes unsanitized from the -u CLI flag or any line of a -U usernames file. A username that contains path-separator sequences (.., /, \, or an absolute path) causes tookie-osint to write the scan output to an arbitrary path the invoking user has write permission for. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.1fix.

Severity

6.7 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/Alfredredbird/tookie-osint/sec…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Alfredredbird	tookie-osint	Affected: < 4.1fix

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-42867 (GCVE-0-2026-42867)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 16:29 – Updated: 2026-06-23 17:02

Title

Langflow: Path Traversal in Knowledge Bases API via Creation Endpoint

Summary

Langflow is a tool for building and deploying AI-powered agents and workflows. Prior to 1.9.0, Langflow is vulnerable to Path Traversal in the Knowledge Bases API (POST /api/v1/knowledge_bases). This occurs because user-supplied knowledge base names are used directly to create file paths without proper sanitization or containment checks. An authenticated attacker can exploit this flaw to create directories and write files anywhere on the server's filesystem. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.9.0.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/langflow-ai/langflow/security/…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/langflow-ai/langflow/pull/12337	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
langflow-ai	langflow	Affected: < 1.9.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-42881 (GCVE-0-2026-42881)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-14 15:05 – Updated: 2026-05-14 18:01

Title

STIGQter: Arbitrary File Write leading to Local Code Execution via Export HTML

Summary

STIGQter is an open-source reimplementation of DISA's STIG Viewer. From 0.1.2 to before 1.2.7, an attacker can achieve local code execution (LCE) with the privileges of the user running STIGQter. This requires user interaction: the victim must open the malicious .stigqter file and explicitly run the "Export HTML" action. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.2.7.

Severity

8.4 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/squinky86/STIGQter/security/ad…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://www.bitwizemusic.com/security/advisories/…	x_refsource_MISC
https://www.bitwizemusic.com/security/advisories/…	exploit

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
squinky86	STIGQter	Affected: >= 0.1.2, < 1.2.7

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-42882 (GCVE-0-2026-42882)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-11 19:26 – Updated: 2026-05-13 14:40

Title

oxyno-zeta/s3-proxy: Security Issues in Resource Path Matching

Summary

oxyno-zeta/s3-proxy is an aws s3 proxy written in go. Prior to 5.0.0, s3-proxy contains an authentication bypass caused by inconsistent URL path interpretation between the authentication middleware and the bucket handler. The authentication middleware evaluates resource path patterns against the percent-encoded request URI (r.URL.RequestURI()), while the bucket handler constructs S3 object keys from the decoded path (r.URL.Path). This mismatch, combined with the glob library being invoked without a path separator (causing * to match across / boundaries), allows unauthenticated attackers to write to, read from, or delete objects in protected S3 namespaces. Exploitation is possible via three techniques: (1) using * patterns that match across path separators to reach protected routes via path traversal (e.g., /open/foo/drafts/../restricted/), (2) using percent-encoded slashes (%2F) to collapse multiple path segments into a single token at the auth layer while the decoded form resolves to a protected namespace at the storage layer, and (3) using dot-dot segments (../) under ** prefix patterns, where the raw path matches an open route while Go's URL parser resolves the traversal to a protected path before the bucket handler runs. An unauthenticated attacker with network access can perform unauthorized PUT, GET, or DELETE operations on objects in authentication-protected S3 namespaces. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.0.0.

Severity

9.4 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/oxyno-zeta/s3-proxy/security/a…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/oxyno-zeta/s3-proxy/commit/132…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/oxyno-zeta/s3-proxy/commit/af5…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
oxyno-zeta	s3-proxy	Affected: < 5.0.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.

Mitigation ID: MIT-15

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
realpath() in C
getCanonicalPath() in Java
GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
realpath() in PHP

Mitigation ID: MIT-4

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Description:

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Mitigation ID: MIT-29

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Description:

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation ID: MIT-17

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

Description:

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.

Mitigation ID: MIT-22

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Description:

Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.

Mitigation ID: MIT-34

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Description:

Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.

Mitigation ID: MIT-39

Phase: Implementation

Description:

Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.

Mitigation ID: MIT-16

Phases: Operation, Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-126: Path Traversal

An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

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