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CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
CVE-2026-32061 (GCVE-0-2026-32061)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-11 13:32 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:15
VLAI
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.2.17 - Arbitrary File Read via $include Directive Path Traversal
Summary
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.17 contain a path traversal vulnerability in the $include directive resolution that allows reading arbitrary local files outside the config directory boundary. Attackers with config modification capabilities can exploit this by specifying absolute paths, traversal sequences, or symlinks to access sensitive files readable by the OpenClaw process user, including API keys and credentials.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/d1c00… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-arb… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-02-21 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-32116 (GCVE-0-2026-32116)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-12 17:40 – Updated: 2026-03-13 16:24
VLAI
Title
Magic Wormhole: "wormhole receive" allows arbitrary local file overwrite
Summary
Magic Wormhole makes it possible to get arbitrary-sized files and directories from one computer to another. From 0.21.0 to before 0.23.0, receiving a file (wormhole receive) from a malicious party could result in overwriting critical local files, including ~/.ssh/authorized_keys and .bashrc. This could be used to compromise the receiver's computer. Only the sender of the file (the party who runs wormhole send) can mount the attack. Other parties (including the transit/relay servers) are excluded by the wormhole protocol. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.23.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/magic-wormhole/magic-wormhole/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| magic-wormhole | magic-wormhole |
Affected:
>= 0.21.0, < 0.23.0
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CVE-2026-32140 (GCVE-0-2026-32140)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-12 18:04 – Updated: 2026-03-13 16:21
VLAI
Title
Dataease: Redshift JDBC RCE Bypass
Summary
Dataease is an open source data visualization analysis tool. Prior to 2.10.20, By controlling the IniFile parameter, an attacker can force the JDBC driver to load an attacker-controlled configuration file. This configuration file can inject dangerous JDBC properties, leading to remote code execution. The Redshift JDBC driver execution flow reaches a method named getJdbcIniFile. The getJdbcIniFile method implements an aggressive automatic configuration file discovery mechanism. If not explicitly restricted, it searches for a file named rsjdbc.ini. In a JDBC URL context, users can explicitly specify the configuration file via URL parameters, which allows arbitrary files on the server to be loaded as JDBC configuration files. Within the Redshift JDBC driver properties, the parameter IniFile is explicitly supported and used to load an external configuration file. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.10.20.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
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|---|---|
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CVE-2026-32146 (GCVE-0-2026-32146)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-11 12:59 – Updated: 2026-07-01 04:45
VLAI
Title
Improper Path Validation in Git Dependency Handling Allows Arbitrary File System Modification
Summary
Improper path validation vulnerability in the Gleam compiler's handling of git dependencies allows arbitrary file system modification during dependency download.
Dependency names from gleam.toml and manifest.toml are incorporated into filesystem paths without sufficient validation or confinement to the intended dependency directory, allowing attacker-controlled paths (via relative traversal such as ../ or absolute paths) to target filesystem locations outside that directory. When resolving git dependencies (e.g. via gleam deps download), the computed path is used for filesystem operations including directory deletion and creation.
This vulnerability occurs during the dependency resolution and download phase, which is generally expected to be limited to fetching and preparing dependencies within a confined directory. A malicious direct or transitive git dependency can exploit this issue to delete and overwrite arbitrary directories outside the intended dependency directory, including attacker-chosen absolute paths, potentially causing data loss. In some environments, this may be further leveraged to achieve code execution, for example by overwriting git hooks or shell configuration files.
This issue affects Gleam from 1.9.0-rc1 until 1.15.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gleam-lang/gleam/security/advi… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-32146.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-32146 | related |
| https://github.com/gleam-lang/gleam/commit/1aa5d8… | patch |
| https://github.com/gleam-lang/gleam/commit/2dc046… | patch |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-32146 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2457578 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
Impacted products
7 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gleam | Gleam |
Affected:
1.9.0-rc1 , < *
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:gleam-lang:gleam:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Gleam | Gleam |
Affected:
1.9.0-rc1 , < *
(semver)
Affected: a4fde22445ab8e5cc79c2ff48971616cb570702c , < * (git) cpe:2.3:a:gleam-lang:gleam:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Gleam | Gleam |
Affected:
v1.9.0-rc1-elixir , < v1.15.4-elixir
(other)
Affected: v1.9.0-rc1-erlang , < v1.15.4-erlang (other) Affected: v1.9.0-rc1-node , < v1.15.4-node (other) Affected: v1.9.0-rc1-node-slim , < v1.15.4-node-slim (other) Affected: v1.9.0-rc1-elixir-slim , < v1.15.4-elixir-slim (other) Affected: v1.9.0-rc1-erlang-slim , < v1.15.4-erlang-slim (other) Affected: v1.9.0-rc1-erlang-alpine , < v1.15.4-erlang-alpine (other) Affected: v1.9.0-rc1-elixir-alpine , < v1.15.4-elixir-alpine (other) Affected: v1.9.0-rc1-node-alpine , < v1.15.4-node-alpine (other) Affected: v1.9.0-rc1-scratch , < v1.15.4-scratch (other) cpe:2.3:a:gleam-lang:gleam:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
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CVE-2026-32147 (GCVE-0-2026-32147)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-21 12:01 – Updated: 2026-06-10 14:35
VLAI
Title
SFTP chroot bypass via path traversal in SSH_FXP_FSETSTAT
Summary
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in Erlang OTP ssh (ssh_sftpd module) allows an authenticated SFTP user to modify file attributes outside the configured chroot directory.
The SFTP daemon (ssh_sftpd) stores the raw, user-supplied path in file handles instead of the chroot-resolved path. When SSH_FXP_FSETSTAT is issued on such a handle, file attributes (permissions, ownership, timestamps) are modified on the real filesystem path, bypassing the root directory boundary entirely.
Any authenticated SFTP user on a server configured with the root option can modify file attributes of files outside the intended chroot boundary. The prerequisite is that a target file must exist on the real filesystem at the same relative path. Note that this vulnerability only allows modification of file attributes; file contents cannot be read or altered through this attack vector.
If the SSH daemon runs as root, this enables direct privilege escalation: an attacker can set the setuid bit on any binary, change ownership of sensitive files, or make system configuration world-writable.
This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ssh/src/ssh_sftpd.erl and program routines ssh_sftpd:do_open/4 and ssh_sftpd:handle_op/4.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 until OTP 28.4.3, 27.3.4.11, and 26.2.5.20 corresponding to ssh from 3.01 until 5.5.3, 5.2.11.7, and 5.1.4.15.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-32147.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-32147 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/28c5d5a6c5f8… | patch |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-32193 (GCVE-0-2026-32193)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:05 – Updated: 2026-07-01 20:13
VLAI
Title
Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory ('path traversal') in Microsoft Azure Kubernetes Service allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Azure Kubernetes Service |
Affected:
1.0 , < v0.20260213.5
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
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CVE-2026-3223 (GCVE-0-2026-3223)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-27 13:12 – Updated: 2026-03-04 04:55
VLAI
Title
Zip Slip leading to Arbitrary File Write and Privilege Escalation in Google Web Designer
Summary
Arbitrary file write & potential privilege escalation exploiting zip slip vulnerability in Google Web Designer.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Web Designer |
Affected:
0 , < 14.2.2.0
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CVE-2026-32232 (GCVE-0-2026-32232)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-12 18:24 – Updated: 2026-03-12 20:46
VLAI
Title
ZeptoClaw: Path boundary checks bypass via symlink, TOCTOU, and hardlink
Summary
ZeptoClaw is a personal AI assistant. Prior to 0.7.6, there is a Dangling Symlink Component Bypass, TOCTOU Between Validation and Use, and Hardlink Alias Bypass. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.7.6.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/qhkm/zeptoclaw/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-32262 (GCVE-0-2026-32262)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-16 18:57 – Updated: 2026-03-17 15:22
VLAI
Title
Craft CMS has a Path Traversal Vulnerability in AssetsController
Summary
Craft CMS is a content management system (CMS). From version 4.0.0-RC1 to before version 4.17.5 and from version 5.0.0-RC1 to before version 5.9.11, the AssetsController->replaceFile() method has a targetFilename body parameter that is used unsanitized in a deleteFile() call before Assets::prepareAssetName() is applied on save. This allows an authenticated user with replaceFiles permission to delete arbitrary files within the same filesystem root by injecting ../ path traversal sequences into the filename. This could allow an authenticated user with replaceFiles permission on one volume to delete files in other folders/volumes that share the same filesystem root. This only affects local filesystems. This issue has been patched in versions 4.17.5 and 5.9.11.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/c997efbe4c… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-32274 (GCVE-0-2026-32274)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-12 19:47 – Updated: 2026-06-30 12:07
VLAI
Title
Black: Arbitrary file writes from unsanitized user input in cache file name
Summary
Black is the uncompromising Python code formatter. Prior to 26.3.1, Black writes a cache file, the name of which is computed from various formatting options. The value of the --python-cell-magics option was placed in the filename without sanitization, which allowed an attacker who controls the value of this argument to write cache files to arbitrary file system locations. Fixed in Black 26.3.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
10 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/psf/black/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/psf/black/pull/5038 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/psf/black/commit/4937fe6cf2411… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/psf/black/releases/tag/26.3.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-32274 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2447111 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13553 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13545 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10184 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
9 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| psf | black |
Affected:
< 26.3.1
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Lightspeed |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_lightspeed |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform Ansible Core 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_core:2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2 |
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Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation ID: MIT-4
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-39
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.