Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-22

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.

CVE-2025-8385 (GCVE-0-2025-8385)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-31 07:26 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:31

Title

Zombify <= 1.7.5 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Read

Summary

The Zombify plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Path Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 1.7.5. This is due to insufficient input validation in the zf_get_file_by_url function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to read arbitrary files on the server, including sensitive system files like /etc/passwd, via a forged request. It's worth noting that successfully exploiting this vulnerability relies on a race condition as the file generated will be deleted immediately.

Severity

6.8 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

Wordfence

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://themeforest.net/item/boombox-viral-buzz-w…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
PX-lab	Zombify	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.7.5 (semver)

Credits

Tonn

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-8406 (GCVE-0-2025-8406)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-05 09:00 – Updated: 2025-10-06 14:16

Title

Path Traversal in zenml-io/zenml

Summary

ZenML version 0.83.1 is affected by a path traversal vulnerability in the `PathMaterializer` class. The `load` function uses `is_path_within_directory` to validate files during `data.tar.gz` extraction, which fails to effectively detect symbolic and hard links. This vulnerability can lead to arbitrary file writes, potentially resulting in arbitrary command execution if critical files are overwritten.

Severity

6.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

@huntr_ai

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://huntr.com/bounties/a0880d64-9928-45bf-966…
https://github.com/zenml-io/zenml/commit/5d22a48d…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
zenml-io	zenml-io/zenml	Affected: unspecified , < 0.84.2 (custom)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-8426 (GCVE-0-2025-8426)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-31 17:57 – Updated: 2025-07-31 18:26

Title

Marvell QConvergeConsole compressConfigFiles Directory Traversal Information Disclosure and Denial-of-Service Vulnerability

Summary

Marvell QConvergeConsole compressConfigFiles Directory Traversal Information Disclosure and Denial-of-Service Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information or to create a denial-of-service condition on affected installations of Marvell QConvergeConsole. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the implementation of the compressConfigFiles method. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied path prior to using it in file operations. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to disclose sensitive information or to create a denial-of-service condition on the system. Was ZDI-CAN-24915.

Severity

9.4 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

zdi

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-…	x_research-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Marvell	QConvergeConsole	Affected: 5.5.0.78

Date Public

2025-07-31 17:12

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-8433 (GCVE-0-2025-8433)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-01 03:02 – Updated: 2025-08-01 19:09

Title

code-projects Document Management System dell.php unlink path traversal

Summary

A vulnerability was found in code-projects Document Management System 1.0 and classified as critical. This issue affects the function unlink of the file /dell.php. The manipulation of the argument ID leads to path traversal. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

5.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

5.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Path Traversal

Assigner

VulDB

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.318461	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.318461	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.625532	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/i-Corner/cve/issues/14	exploitissue-tracking
https://code-projects.org/	product

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
code-projects	Document Management System	Affected: 1.0

Credits

iC0rner (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-8480 (GCVE-0-2025-8480)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-01 17:38 – Updated: 2025-08-07 16:06

Title

Alpine iLX-507 Command Injection Remote Code Execution

Summary

Alpine iLX-507 Command Injection Remote Code Execution. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Alpine iLX-507 devices. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the Tidal music streaming application. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the device. Was ZDI-CAN-26357.

Severity

8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

zdi

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-…	x_research-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Alpine	iLX-507	Affected: 6.0.000

Date Public

2025-08-01 17:38

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-8516 (GCVE-0-2025-8516)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-04 15:32 – Updated: 2025-11-03 06:13

Title

Kingdee Cloud-Starry-Sky Enterprise Edition IIS-K3CloudMiniApp FileUploadAction.class path traversal

Summary

A security vulnerability has been detected in Kingdee Cloud-Starry-Sky Enterprise Edition up to 8.2. This issue affects the function BaseServiceFactory.getFileUploadService.deleteFileAction of the file K3Cloud\BBCMallSite\WEB-INF\lib\Kingdee.K3.O2O.Base.WebApp.jar!\kingdee\k3\o2o\base\webapp\action\FileUploadAction.class of the component IIS-K3CloudMiniApp. The manipulation of the argument filePath leads to path traversal. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. It is suggested to install a patch to address this issue. The vendor recommends as a short-term measure to "[t]emporarily disable external network access to the Kingdee Cloud Galaxy Retail System or set up an IP whitelist for access control." The long-term remediation will be: "Install the security patch provided by the Starry Sky system, with the specific solutions being: i) Adding authentication to the vulnerable CMKAppWebHandler.ashx interface; ii) Removing the file reading function."

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Path Traversal

Assigner

VulDB

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.318642	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.318642	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.573678	third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/?submit.601912	third-party-advisory
https://wx.mail.qq.com/s?k=hk3Fixc6Z1cKMI9rge	exploit
https://vip.kingdee.com/link/s/ZgAmJ	patch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Kingdee	Cloud-Starry-Sky Enterprise Edition	Affected: 8.0 Affected: 8.1 Affected: 8.2

Credits

caichaoxiong (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-8522 (GCVE-0-2025-8522)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-04 19:02 – Updated: 2025-08-04 19:25

Title

givanz Vvvebjs node.js save.php path traversal

Summary

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in givanz Vvvebjs up to 2.0.4. Affected is an unknown function of the file /save.php of the component node.js. The manipulation of the argument File leads to path traversal. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Severity

2.3 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Path Traversal

Assigner

VulDB

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.318648	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.318648	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.616993	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/givanz/VvvebJs/issues/409	issue-tracking
https://github.com/givanz/VvvebJs/issues/409#issu…	exploitissue-tracking

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
givanz	Vvvebjs	Affected: 2.0.0 Affected: 2.0.1 Affected: 2.0.2 Affected: 2.0.3 Affected: 2.0.4

Credits

Enigma522 (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-8559 (GCVE-0-2025-8559)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-30 03:35 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:12

Title

All in One Music Player <= 1.3.1 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Path Traversal via theme Parameter

Summary

The All in One Music Player plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Path Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.1 via the 'theme' parameter. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to read the contents of files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

Wordfence

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.svn.wordpress.org/all-in-one-musi…
https://wordpress.org/plugins/all-in-one-music-pl…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
sanzeeb3	All in One Music Player	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.3.1 (semver)

Credits

Muhammad Yudha - DJ

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-8562 (GCVE-0-2025-8562)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-25 09:23 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:11

Title

Custom Query Shortcode <= 0.4.0 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Path Traversal via lens Parameter

Summary

The Custom Query Shortcode plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Path Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 0.4.0 via the 'lens' parameter. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to read the contents of files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

Wordfence

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.svn.wordpress.org/custom-query-sh…
https://wordpress.org/plugins/custom-query-shortc…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3348818/
https://github.com/peterhebert/custom-query-short…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
peterhebert	Custom Query Shortcode	Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.4.0 (semver)

Credits

Muhammad Yudha - DJ

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-8729 (GCVE-0-2025-8729)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-08 13:32 – Updated: 2025-08-08 13:54

Title

MigoXLab LMeterX upload_service.py process_cert_files path traversal

Summary

A vulnerability has been found in MigoXLab LMeterX 1.2.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function process_cert_files of the file backend/service/upload_service.py. The manipulation of the argument task_id leads to path traversal. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of the patch is f1b00597e293d09452aabd4fa57f3185207350e8. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

6.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C

6.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-22 - Path Traversal

Assigner

VulDB

References

7 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.319225	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.319225	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.621741	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/MigoXLab/LMeterX/issues/10	issue-tracking
https://github.com/MigoXLab/LMeterX/issues/10#iss…	issue-tracking
https://github.com/MigoXLab/LMeterX/issues/10#iss…	exploitissue-tracking
https://github.com/MigoXLab/LMeterX/commit/f1b005…	patch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
MigoXLab	LMeterX	Affected: 1.2.0

Credits

zznQ (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.

Mitigation ID: MIT-15

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
realpath() in C
getCanonicalPath() in Java
GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
realpath() in PHP

Mitigation ID: MIT-4

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Description:

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Mitigation ID: MIT-29

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Description:

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation ID: MIT-17

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

Description:

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.

Mitigation ID: MIT-22

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Description:

Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.

Mitigation ID: MIT-34

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Description:

Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.

Mitigation ID: MIT-39

Phase: Implementation

Description:

Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.

Mitigation ID: MIT-16

Phases: Operation, Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-126: Path Traversal

An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

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