Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-22

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.

CVE-2025-6152 (GCVE-0-2025-6152)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-17 01:31 – Updated: 2025-06-17 14:19
VLAI
Title
Steel Browser files.routes.ts handleFileUpload path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Steel Browser up to 0.1.3. This affects the function handleFileUpload of the file api/src/modules/files/files.routes.ts. The manipulation of the argument filename leads to path traversal. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The patch is named 7ba93a10000fb77ee01731478ef40551a27bd5b9. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Steel Browser Affected: 0.1.0
Affected: 0.1.1
Affected: 0.1.2
Affected: 0.1.3
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
VulDB GitHub Commit Analyzer
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-61586 (GCVE-0-2025-61586)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-29 23:14 – Updated: 2025-09-30 14:31
VLAI
Title
FreshRSS is vulnerable to directory enumeration by setting path in its theme field
Summary
FreshRSS is a free, self-hostable RSS aggregator. Versions 1.26.3 and below are vulnerable to directory enumeration by setting path in theme field, allowing attackers to gain additional information about the server by checking if certain directories exist. This issue is fixed in version 1.27.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FreshRSS FreshRSS Affected: < 1.27.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-61624 (GCVE-0-2025-61624)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 15:39 – Updated: 2026-05-12 12:08
VLAI
Summary
An Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') [CWE-22] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.4, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.9, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiPAM 1.7.0, FortiPAM 1.6 all versions, FortiPAM 1.5 all versions, FortiPAM 1.4 all versions, FortiPAM 1.3 all versions, FortiPAM 1.2 all versions, FortiPAM 1.1 all versions, FortiPAM 1.0 all versions, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.4, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.11, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.7, FortiSwitchManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.6 may allow an authenticated attacker with admin profile and at least read-write permissions to write or delete arbitrary files via specific CLI commands.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Escalation of privilege
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Fortinet FortiOS Affected: 7.6.0 , ≤ 7.6.4 (semver)
Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.9 (semver)
Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.13 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.19 (semver)
Affected: 6.4.0 , ≤ 6.4.16 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Fortinet FortiProxy Affected: 7.6.0 , ≤ 7.6.4 (semver)
Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.11 (semver)
Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.16 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.23 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.6.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.23:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.22:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.21:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.20:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Fortinet FortiSwitchManager Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.7 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.6 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Fortinet FortiPAM Affected: 1.7.0
Affected: 1.6.0 , ≤ 1.6.2 (semver)
Affected: 1.5.0 , ≤ 1.5.1 (semver)
Affected: 1.4.0 , ≤ 1.4.3 (semver)
Affected: 1.3.0 , ≤ 1.3.1 (semver)
Affected: 1.2.0
Affected: 1.1.0 , ≤ 1.1.2 (semver)
Affected: 1.0.0 , ≤ 1.0.3 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortipam:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens RUGGEDCOM APE1808 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-61624",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-04-14T16:16:14.420673Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-04-14T16:46:14.073Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "affected": [
          {
            "defaultStatus": "unknown",
            "product": "RUGGEDCOM APE1808",
            "vendor": "Siemens",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThan": "*",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "0",
                "versionType": "custom"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-05-12T12:08:31.410Z",
          "orgId": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e",
          "shortName": "siemens-SADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-975644.html"
          }
        ],
        "x_adpType": "supplier"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:6.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "FortiOS",
          "vendor": "Fortinet",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.6.4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.6.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.4.9",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.4.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.13",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.2.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.19",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.16",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.4.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.6.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.6.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.23:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.22:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.21:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.20:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "FortiProxy",
          "vendor": "Fortinet",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.6.4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.6.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.4.11",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.4.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.16",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.2.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.23",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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CVE-2025-6166 (GCVE-0-2025-6166)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-17 06:00 – Updated: 2025-06-17 13:32
VLAI
Title
frdel Agent-Zero image_get.py image_get path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability was found in frdel Agent-Zero up to 0.8.4. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects the function image_get of the file /python/api/image_get.py. The manipulation of the argument path leads to path traversal. Upgrading to version 0.8.4.1 is able to address this issue. The identifier of the patch is 5db74202d632306a883ccce7339c5bdba0d16c5a. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
frdel Agent-Zero Affected: 0.8.0
Affected: 0.8.1
Affected: 0.8.2
Affected: 0.8.3
Affected: 0.8.4
Unaffected: 0.8.4.1
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
VulDB GitHub Commit Analyzer
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-61666 (GCVE-0-2025-61666)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-02 21:15 – Updated: 2025-10-03 14:15
VLAI
Title
Traccar Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion on Windows - Leakage of Traccar Config File
Summary
Traccar is an open source GPS tracking system. Default installs of Traccar on Windows between versions 6.1- 6.8.1 and non default installs between versions 5.8 - 6.0 are vulnerable to unauthenticated local file inclusion attacks which can lead to leakage of passwords or any file on the file system including the Traccar configuration file. Versions 5.8 - 6.0 are only vulnerable if <entry key='web.override'>./override</entry> is set in the configuration file. Versions 6.1 - 6.8.1 are vulnerable by default as the web override is enabled by default. The vulnerable code is removed in version 6.9.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
traccar traccar Affected: >= 5.8, < 6.9.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-6167 (GCVE-0-2025-6167)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-17 06:31 – Updated: 2025-06-17 14:16
VLAI
Title
themanojdesai python-a2a api.py create_workflow path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in themanojdesai python-a2a up to 0.5.5. Affected is the function create_workflow of the file python_a2a/agent_flow/server/api.py. The manipulation leads to path traversal. Upgrading to version 0.5.6 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
themanojdesai python-a2a Affected: 0.5.0
Affected: 0.5.1
Affected: 0.5.2
Affected: 0.5.3
Affected: 0.5.4
Affected: 0.5.5
Unaffected: 0.5.6
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CVE-2025-61686 (GCVE-0-2025-61686)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 02:41 – Updated: 2026-06-29 12:34
VLAI
Title
React Router has Path Traversal in File Session Storage
Summary
React Router is a router for React. In @react-router/node versions 7.0.0 through 7.9.3, @remix-run/deno prior to version 2.17.2, and @remix-run/node prior to version 2.17.2, if createFileSessionStorage() is being used from @react-router/node (or @remix-run/node/@remix-run/deno in Remix v2) with an unsigned cookie, it is possible for an attacker to cause the session to try to read/write from a location outside the specified session file directory. The success of the attack would depend on the permissions of the web server process to access those files. Read files cannot be returned directly to the attacker. Session file reads would only succeed if the file matched the expected session file format. If the file matched the session file format, the data would be populated into the server side session but not directly returned to the attacker unless the application logic returned specific session information. This issue has been patched in @react-router/node version 7.9.4, @remix-run/deno version 2.17.2, and @remix-run/node version 2.17.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
remix-run react-router Affected: @react-router/node >= 7.0.0, < 7.9.4
Affected: @remix-run/deno < 2.17.2
Affected: @remix-run/node < 2.17.2
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Red Hat Cryostat 4     cpe:/a:redhat:cryostat:4
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Red Hat Gatekeeper 3     cpe:/a:redhat:gatekeeper:3
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Red Hat Logging Subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift     cpe:/a:redhat:logging:5
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Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Applications 7     cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_applications:7
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Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Applications 8     cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_applications:8
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Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Containers     cpe:/a:redhat:rhmt:1
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Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Virtualization     cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_virtualization:2
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Red Hat Multicluster Engine for Kubernetes     cpe:/a:redhat:multicluster_engine
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Red Hat Network Observability Operator     cpe:/a:redhat:network_observ_optr:1
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Red Hat Node HealthCheck Operator     cpe:/a:redhat:workload_availability_nhc:0
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Red Hat OpenShift Lightspeed     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_lightspeed
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Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_pipelines:1
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Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2     cpe:/a:redhat:service_mesh:2
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Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 3     cpe:/a:redhat:service_mesh:3
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Red Hat Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2     cpe:/a:redhat:acm:2
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Red Hat Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4     cpe:/a:redhat:advanced_cluster_security:4
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Red Hat Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2     cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2
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Red Hat Red Hat build of Apache Camel - HawtIO 4     cpe:/a:redhat:apache_camel_hawtio:4
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Red Hat Red Hat build of Apicurio Registry 2     cpe:/a:redhat:service_registry:2
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Red Hat Red Hat Build of Kueue     cpe:/a:redhat:kueue_operator:1
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Red Hat Red Hat build of OptaPlanner 8     cpe:/a:redhat:optaplanner:::el6
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Red Hat Red Hat Connectivity Link 1     cpe:/a:redhat:connectivity_link:1
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Red Hat Red Hat Data Grid 8     cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:8
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Red Hat Red Hat Developer Hub     cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1
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Red Hat Red Hat Discovery 2     cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Edge Manager 1     cpe:/a:redhat:edge_manager:1
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Red Hat Red Hat Edge Manager preview     cpe:/a:redhat:edge_manager:0
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
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Red Hat Red Hat Fuse 7     cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:7
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8     cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack     cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4
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Red Hat Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_data_foundation:4
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing 3     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_distributed_tracing:3
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift GitOps     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_gitops:1
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4     cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4
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Red Hat Red Hat Process Automation 7     cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_bpms_platform:7
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Red Hat Red Hat Quay 3     cpe:/a:redhat:quay:3
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Red Hat Red Hat Satellite 6     cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6
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Red Hat Red Hat Single Sign-On 7     cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7
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Red Hat Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer     cpe:/a:redhat:trusted_artifact_signer:1
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Red Hat Red Hat Trusted Profile Analyzer     cpe:/a:redhat:trusted_profile_analyzer:2
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Show details on NVD website

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            "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
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            "cpes": [
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            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:service_registry:2"
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          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:optaplanner:::el6"
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            "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
            "product": "Red Hat build of OptaPlanner 8",
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          {
            "cpes": [
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            "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
            "product": "Red Hat Developer Hub",
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          },
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9"
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            "product": "Red Hat Discovery 2",
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          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:edge_manager:1"
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            "cpes": [
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            "vendor": "Red Hat"
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            "cpes": [
              "cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:7"
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CVE-2025-61784 (GCVE-0-2025-61784)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-07 19:01 – Updated: 2025-10-07 19:24
VLAI
Title
LLaMA Factory's Chat API has Critical SSRF and LFI Vulnerabilities
Summary
LLaMA-Factory is a tuning library for large language models. Prior to version 0.9.4, a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in the chat API allows any authenticated user to force the server to make arbitrary HTTP requests to internal and external networks. This can lead to the exposure of sensitive internal services, reconnaissance of the internal network, or interaction with third-party services. The same mechanism also allows for a Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability, enabling users to read arbitrary files from the server's filesystem. The vulnerability exists in the `_process_request` function within `src/llamafactory/api/chat.py.` This function is responsible for processing incoming multimodal content, including images, videos, and audio provided via URLs. The function checks if the provided URL is a base64 data URI or a local file path (`os.path.isfile`). If neither is true, it falls back to treating the URL as a web URI and makes a direct HTTP GET request using `requests.get(url, stream=True).raw` without any validation or sanitization of the URL. Version 0.9.4 fixes the underlying issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
hiyouga LLaMA-Factory Affected: < 0.9.4
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-61811 (GCVE-0-2025-61811)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 23:41 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:21
VLAI
Title
ColdFusion | Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') (CWE-22)
Summary
ColdFusion versions 2025.4, 2023.16, 2021.22 and earlier are affected by an Improper Access Control vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. A high privileged attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass security measures and execute malicious code. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction and scope is changed.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') (CWE-22)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Adobe ColdFusion Affected: 0 , ≤ 2021.22 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-09 17:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-61913 (GCVE-0-2025-61913)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-08 22:43 – Updated: 2025-10-14 14:18
VLAI
Title
Flowise is vulnerable to arbitrary file read, arbitrary file write
Summary
Flowise is a drag & drop user interface to build a customized large language model flow. In versions prior to 3.0.8, WriteFileTool and ReadFileTool in Flowise do not restrict file path access, allowing authenticated attackers to exploit this vulnerability to read and write arbitrary files to any path in the file system, potentially leading to remote command execution. Flowise 3.0.8 fixes this vulnerability.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FlowiseAI Flowise Affected: < 3.0.8
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-22",
              "description": "CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-10-08T22:43:24.076Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-jv9m-vf54-chjj",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-jv9m-vf54-chjj"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-j44m-5v8f-gc9c",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-j44m-5v8f-gc9c"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/commit/1fb12cd93143592a18995f63b781d25b354d48a3",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/commit/1fb12cd93143592a18995f63b781d25b354d48a3"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/releases/tag/flowise%403.0.8",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/releases/tag/flowise%403.0.8"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-jv9m-vf54-chjj",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Flowise is vulnerable to arbitrary file read, arbitrary file write"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-61913",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-08T22:43:24.076Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-10-03T22:21:59.614Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-10-14T14:18:13.859Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
  • Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Description:

  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
  • Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
  • realpath() in C
  • getCanonicalPath() in Java
  • GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
  • realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
  • realpath() in PHP
Mitigation ID: MIT-4

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Description:

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-29

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Description:

  • Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

  • Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

Description:

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Description:

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Description:

  • Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
  • This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-39

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
  • If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
  • Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
  • In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16

Phases: Operation, Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

  • When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal

An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

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