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CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
CVE-2025-4857 (GCVE-0-2025-4857)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-31 11:18 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:45
VLAI
Title
Newsletters <= 4.9.9.9 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Local File Inclusion
Summary
The Newsletters plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 4.9.9.9 via the 'file' parameter. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other “safe” file types can be uploaded and included.
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| contrid | Newsletters |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.9.9.9
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-4868 (GCVE-0-2025-4868)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-18 09:00 – Updated: 2025-05-19 15:22
VLAI
Title
merikbest ecommerce-spring-reactjs File Upload Endpoint admin path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability was found in merikbest ecommerce-spring-reactjs up to 464e610bb11cc2619cf6ce8212ccc2d1fd4277fd. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /api/v1/admin/ of the component File Upload Endpoint. The manipulation of the argument filename leads to path traversal. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Continious delivery with rolling releases is used by this product. Therefore, no version details of affected nor updated releases are available.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.309410 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.309410 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.575506 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/ShenxiuSec/cve-proofs/blob/mai… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| merikbest | ecommerce-spring-reactjs |
Affected:
464e610bb11cc2619cf6ce8212ccc2d1fd4277fd
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-48744 (GCVE-0-2025-48744)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-27 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-27 14:08
VLAI
Summary
In SIGB PMB before 8.0.1.2, attackers can achieve Local File Inclusion and remote code execution.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
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CVE-2025-4893 (GCVE-0-2025-4893)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-18 19:31 – Updated: 2025-05-19 14:09
VLAI
Title
jammy928 CoinExchange_CryptoExchange_Java File Upload Endpoint UploadFileUtil.java uploadLocalImage path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in jammy928 CoinExchange_CryptoExchange_Java up to 8adf508b996020d3efbeeb2473d7235bd01436fa. This affects the function uploadLocalImage of the file /CoinExchange_CryptoExchange_Java-master/00_framework/core/src/main/java/com/bizzan/bitrade/util/UploadFileUtil.java of the component File Upload Endpoint. The manipulation of the argument filename leads to path traversal. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This product does not use versioning. This is why information about affected and unaffected releases are unavailable.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.309447 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.309447 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.577907 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/ShenxiuSec/cve-proofs/blob/mai… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jammy928 | CoinExchange_CryptoExchange_Java |
Affected:
8adf508b996020d3efbeeb2473d7235bd01436fa
|
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CVE-2025-48940 (GCVE-0-2025-48940)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-02 15:52 – Updated: 2025-06-02 16:06
VLAI
Title
MyBB's upgrade component vulnerable to local file inclusion
Summary
MyBB is free and open source forum software. Prior to version 1.8.39, the upgrade component does not validate user input properly, which allows attackers to perform local file inclusion (LFI) via a specially crafted parameter value. In order to exploit the vulnerability, the installer must be unlocked (no `install/lock` file present) and the upgrade script must be accessible (by re-installing the forum via access to `install/index.php`; when the forum has not yet been installed; or the attacker is authenticated as a forum administrator). MyBB 1.8.39 resolves this issue.
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mybb/mybb/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/mybb/mybb/commit/6e6cfbd524d91… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://mybb.com/versions/1.8.39 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-4898 (GCVE-0-2025-4898)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-18 22:00 – Updated: 2025-05-19 14:02
VLAI
Title
SourceCodester Student Result Management System Logo File update_system.php unlink path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Student Result Management System 1.0. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function unlink of the file update_system.php of the component Logo File Handler. The manipulation of the argument old_logo leads to path traversal. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.309454 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.309454 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.578036 | third-party-advisory |
| https://magnificent-dill-351.notion.site/Arbitrar… | exploit |
| https://www.sourcecodester.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Student Result Management System |
Affected:
1.0
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-4912 (GCVE-0-2025-4912)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-19 05:00 – Updated: 2025-05-19 13:44
VLAI
Title
SourceCodester Student Result Management System Image File update_student.php path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in SourceCodester Student Result Management System 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin/core/update_student.php of the component Image File Handler. The manipulation of the argument old_photo leads to path traversal. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.309469 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.309469 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.579089 | third-party-advisory |
| https://magnificent-dill-351.notion.site/Arbitrar… | exploitpatch |
| https://www.sourcecodester.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Student Result Management System |
Affected:
1.0
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-49138 (GCVE-0-2025-49138)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-09 21:05 – Updated: 2025-06-10 15:29
VLAI
Title
HAX CMS vulnerable to Local File Inclusion via saveOutline API Location Parameter
Summary
HAX CMS PHP allows users to manage their microsite universe with a PHP backend. Prior to version 11.0.0, an authenticated Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability in the HAXCMS saveOutline endpoint allows a low-privileged user to read arbitrary files on the server by manipulating the location field written into site.json. This enables attackers to exfiltrate sensitive system files such as /etc/passwd, application secrets, or configuration files accessible to the web server (www-data). The vulnerability stems from the way the HAXCMS backend handles the location field in the site's outline. When a user sends a POST request to /system/api/saveOutline, the backend stores the provided location value directly into the site.json file associated with the site, without validating or sanitizing the input. Later the location parameter is interpreted by the CMS to resolve and load the content for a given node. If the location field contains a relative path like `../../../etc/passwd`, the application will attempt to read and render that file. Version 11.0.0 fixes the issue.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/haxtheweb/issues/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/haxtheweb/haxcms-php/blob/b158… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-49153 (GCVE-0-2025-49153)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-25 16:36 – Updated: 2025-07-17 13:46
VLAI
Title
Path Traversal in MICROSENS NMP Web+
Summary
The affected products could allow an unauthenticated attacker to overwrite files and execute arbitrary code.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2025-49303 (GCVE-0-2025-49303)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-04 11:18 – Updated: 2026-05-12 00:28
VLAI
Title
WordPress Frontend Admin by DynamiApps plugin <= 3.28.7 - Arbitrary File Download Vulnerability
Summary
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in Shabti Kaplan Frontend Admin by DynamiApps acf-frontend-form-element allows Path Traversal.This issue affects Frontend Admin by DynamiApps: from n/a through <= 3.28.7.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shabti Kaplan | Frontend Admin by DynamiApps |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.28.7
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:40
Credits
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Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation ID: MIT-4
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-39
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.