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CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
CVE-2024-13910 (GCVE-0-2024-13910)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-01 08:23 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:21
VLAI
Title
Database Backup and check Tables Automated With Scheduler 2024 <= 2.36 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Arbitrary File Deletion
Summary
The Database Backup and check Tables Automated With Scheduler 2024 plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file deletion due to insufficient file path validation in the 'database_backup_ajax_delete' function in all versions up to, and including, 2.35. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to delete arbitrary files on the server, which can easily lead to remote code execution when the right file is deleted (such as wp-config.php). The vulnerability was partially patched in version 2.36.
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sminozzi | Database Backup and Table Integrity Check with Automated Scheduling |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.36
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-13914 (GCVE-0-2024-13914)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-15 05:22 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:36
VLAI
Title
File Manager Advanced Shortcode <= Multiple Versions - Authenticated (Administrator+) Local JavaScript File Inclusion via Shortcode
Summary
The File Manager Advanced Shortcode plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 2.5.4 (file-manager-advanced-shortcode) and 2.5.6 (advanced-file-manager-pro-premium), via the 'file_manager_advanced' shortcode. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to include and execute arbitrary JavaScript files on the server. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other “safe” file types can be uploaded and included. Sites currently using 2.5.4 (file-manager-advanced-shortcode) should be updated to 2.6.0 (advanced-file-manager-pro-premium).
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WP Experts | File Manager Advanced Shortcode |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.5.4
(semver)
|
|
| WP Experts | File Manager Advanced Shortcode |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.5.6
(semver)
|
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CVE-2024-13920 (GCVE-0-2024-13920)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-20 11:11 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:27
VLAI
Title
Order Export & Order Import for WooCommerce <= 2.6.0 - Directory Traversal to Authenticated (Administrator+) Limited Arbitrary File Read via download_file Function
Summary
The Order Export & Order Import for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 2.6.0 via the download_file() function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to read the contents of arbitrary log files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| webtoffee | Order Export & Order Import for WooCommerce |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.6.0
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-13981 (GCVE-0-2024-13981)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-27 21:25 – Updated: 2026-05-26 11:51 X_Known Exploited Vulnerability
VLAI
Title
LiveBos UploadFile.do Arbitrary File Upload
Summary
LiveBOS, an object-oriented business architecture middleware suite developed by Apex Software Co., Ltd., contains an arbitrary file upload vulnerability in its UploadFile.do;.js.jsp endpoint. This flaw affects the LiveBOS Server component and allows unauthenticated remote attackers to upload crafted files outside the intended directory structure via path traversal in the filename parameter. Successful exploitation may lead to remote code execution on the server, enabling full system compromise. The vulnerability is presumed to affect builds released prior to August 2024 and is said to be remediated in newer versions of the product, though the exact affected range remains undefined. Exploitation evidence was first observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2024-08-23 UTC.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cn-sec.com/archives/3041179.html | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://axsec.blog.csdn.net/article/details/140847466 | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://github.com/folio2008/POC_wy876/blob/main/… | exploit |
| https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_53009585/article/det… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://blog.csdn.net/jingke666/article/details/1… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.apexsoft.com.cn/platform/index.html | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/livebos-uplo… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fujian Apex Software Co. Ltd. | LiveBOS |
Affected:
0 , ≤ pre-August 2024 builds
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2024-13982 (GCVE-0-2024-13982)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-27 21:26 – Updated: 2025-11-20 17:15 X_Known Exploited Vulnerability
VLAI
Title
SPON IP Network Intercom System rj_get_token.php Arbitrary File Read
Summary
SPON IP Network Broadcast System, a digital audio transmission platform developed by SPON Communications, contains an arbitrary file read vulnerability in the rj_get_token.php endpoint. The flaw arises from insufficient input validation on the jsondata[url] parameter, which allows attackers to perform directory traversal and access sensitive files on the server. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted POST request to read arbitrary files, potentially exposing system configuration, credentials, or internal logic. An affected version range is undefined.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36618918/article/details… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://sponcomm.com/collections/ip-intercom-system | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/spon-ip-netw… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Changsha SPON Communication Technology Co. Ltd. | SPON IP Network Broadcast System |
Affected:
*
|
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CVE-2024-13984 (GCVE-0-2024-13984)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-27 21:25 – Updated: 2026-05-15 11:14 X_Known Exploited Vulnerability
VLAI
Title
Qi'anxin TianQing Management Center rptsvr Arbitrary File Upload
Summary
QiAnXin TianQing Management Center versions up to and including 6.7.0.4130 contain a path traversal vulnerability in the rptsvr component that allows unauthenticated attackers to upload files to arbitrary locations on the server. The /rptsvr/upload endpoint fails to sanitize the filename parameter in multipart form-data requests, enabling path traversal. This allows attackers to place executable files in web-accessible directories, potentially leading to remote code execution. Exploitation evidence was first observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2024-08-23 UTC.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cn-sec.com/archives/2421288.html | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://blog.csdn.net/maxiluo/article/details/135865584 | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.qianxin.com/product/detail/pid/330 | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/qianxin-tian… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qi'anxin | TianQing Management Center |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 6.7.0.4130
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-13986 (GCVE-0-2024-13986)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-28 15:49 – Updated: 2026-05-15 11:14
VLAI
Title
Nagios XI < 2024R1.3.2 Authenticated Arbitrary File Upload Path Traversal RCE
Summary
Nagios XI < 2024R1.3.2 contains a remote code execution vulnerability by chaining two flaws: an arbitrary file upload and a path traversal in the Core Config Snapshots interface. The issue arises from insufficient validation of file paths and extensions during MIB upload and snapshot rename operations. Exploitation results in the placement of attacker-controlled PHP files in a web-accessible directory, executed as the www-data user.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://theyhack.me/Nagios-XI-Authenticated-RCE | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.nagios.com/changelog/nagios-xi/ | vendor-advisorypatch |
| https://www.nagios.com/products/security/#nagios-xi | vendor-advisorypatch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nagios-xi-au… | third-party-advisory |
| https://theyhack.me/Nagios-XI-Authenticated-RCE/ | exploit |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-13991 (GCVE-0-2024-13991)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-15 01:21 – Updated: 2025-11-03 15:48 X_Known Exploited Vulnerability
VLAI
Title
Huijietong Cloud Video Platform fileDownload Arbitrary File Read
Summary
Huijietong Cloud Video Platform contains a path traversal vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated attacker can supply arbitrary file paths to the `fullPath` parameter of the `/fileDownload?action=downloadBackupFile` endpoint and retrieve files from the server filesystem. VulnCheck has observed this vulnerability being exploited in the wild.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cn-sec.com/archives/2941393.html | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/huijietong-c… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Huijietong | Cloud Video Platform |
Affected:
*
|
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CVE-2024-1433 (GCVE-0-2024-1433)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-11 23:00 – Updated: 2025-04-24 15:44
VLAI
Title
KDE Plasma Workspace Theme File eventpluginsmanager.cpp enabledPlugins path traversal
Summary
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in KDE Plasma Workspace up to 5.93.0. This affects the function EventPluginsManager::enabledPlugins of the file components/calendar/eventpluginsmanager.cpp of the component Theme File Handler. The manipulation of the argument pluginId leads to path traversal. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The patch is named 6cdf42916369ebf4ad5bd876c4dfa0170d7b2f01. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-253407. NOTE: This requires write access to user's home or the installation of third party global themes.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.253407 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.253407 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://github.com/KDE/plasma-workspace/commit/6c… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| KDE | Plasma Workspace |
Affected:
5.0
Affected: 5.1 Affected: 5.2 Affected: 5.3 Affected: 5.4 Affected: 5.5 Affected: 5.6 Affected: 5.7 Affected: 5.8 Affected: 5.9 Affected: 5.10 Affected: 5.11 Affected: 5.12 Affected: 5.13 Affected: 5.14 Affected: 5.15 Affected: 5.16 Affected: 5.17 Affected: 5.18 Affected: 5.19 Affected: 5.20 Affected: 5.21 Affected: 5.22 Affected: 5.23 Affected: 5.24 Affected: 5.25 Affected: 5.26 Affected: 5.27 Affected: 5.28 Affected: 5.29 Affected: 5.30 Affected: 5.31 Affected: 5.32 Affected: 5.33 Affected: 5.34 Affected: 5.35 Affected: 5.36 Affected: 5.37 Affected: 5.38 Affected: 5.39 Affected: 5.40 Affected: 5.41 Affected: 5.42 Affected: 5.43 Affected: 5.44 Affected: 5.45 Affected: 5.46 Affected: 5.47 Affected: 5.48 Affected: 5.49 Affected: 5.50 Affected: 5.51 Affected: 5.52 Affected: 5.53 Affected: 5.54 Affected: 5.55 Affected: 5.56 Affected: 5.57 Affected: 5.58 Affected: 5.59 Affected: 5.60 Affected: 5.61 Affected: 5.62 Affected: 5.63 Affected: 5.64 Affected: 5.65 Affected: 5.66 Affected: 5.67 Affected: 5.68 Affected: 5.69 Affected: 5.70 Affected: 5.71 Affected: 5.72 Affected: 5.73 Affected: 5.74 Affected: 5.75 Affected: 5.76 Affected: 5.77 Affected: 5.78 Affected: 5.79 Affected: 5.80 Affected: 5.81 Affected: 5.82 Affected: 5.83 Affected: 5.84 Affected: 5.85 Affected: 5.86 Affected: 5.87 Affected: 5.88 Affected: 5.89 Affected: 5.90 Affected: 5.91 Affected: 5.92 Affected: 5.93 |
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CVE-2024-1483 (GCVE-0-2024-1483)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-16 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-01 18:40
VLAI
Title
Path Traversal Vulnerability in mlflow/mlflow
Summary
A path traversal vulnerability exists in mlflow/mlflow version 2.9.2, allowing attackers to access arbitrary files on the server. By crafting a series of HTTP POST requests with specially crafted 'artifact_location' and 'source' parameters, using a local URI with '#' instead of '?', an attacker can traverse the server's directory structure. The issue occurs due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input in the server's handlers.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mlflow | mlflow/mlflow |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ latest
(custom)
|
|
| mflow | mflow |
Affected:
0 , ≤ *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:mflow:mflow:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-22",
"description": "CWE-22 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-04-16T11:10:53.707Z",
"orgId": "c09c270a-b464-47c1-9133-acb35b22c19a",
"shortName": "@huntr_ai"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/52a3855d-93ff-4460-ac24-9c7e4334198d"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "52a3855d-93ff-4460-ac24-9c7e4334198d",
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Path Traversal Vulnerability in mlflow/mlflow"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "c09c270a-b464-47c1-9133-acb35b22c19a",
"assignerShortName": "@huntr_ai",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-1483",
"datePublished": "2024-04-16T00:00:14.064Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-02-13T20:33:54.093Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-01T18:40:21.239Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation ID: MIT-5.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20.1
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation ID: MIT-4
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation ID: MIT-34
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation ID: MIT-39
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.