Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1333

Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.

CVE-2026-44425 (GCVE-0-2026-44425)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 21:05 – Updated: 2026-05-14 19:52
VLAI
Title
ShellHub: Crash-DoS via field injection in filter and sort-by parameters
Summary
ShellHub is a centralized SSH gateway. Prior to 0.24.2, the device list endpoint accepts user-controlled identifiers in the the name field of each filter property in the base64-encoded filter query parameter and the sort_by query parameter, which are then passed directly as BSON/SQL keys in the database layer without validation. Any authenticated user can craft payloads that cause the aggregation / query to fail and the API to return HTTP 500 with no body, with no rate limiting applied. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.24.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-943 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
shellhub-io shellhub Affected: < 0.24.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-44496 (GCVE-0-2026-44496)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-11 15:34 – Updated: 2026-06-11 17:22
VLAI
Title
Axios: Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via Cookie Name Injection
Summary
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Axios versions before 0.32.0 on the 0.x line and before 1.16.0 on the 1.x line build a regular expression from the configured XSRF cookie name without escaping regex metacharacters. In standard browser environments, an attacker who can influence the cookie name passed to axios can cause expensive regex backtracking while axios reads document.cookie. The practical impact is client-side availability degradation, such as freezing the affected browser tab while axios prepares a request. The issue does not affect ordinary Node.js HTTP adapter usage, React Native, or web workers, where axios does not read document.cookie. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.32.0 and 1.16.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
axios axios Affected: >= 1.0.0, < 1.16.0
Affected: < 0.32.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-44796 (GCVE-0-2026-44796)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-28 17:00 – Updated: 2026-05-30 02:01
VLAI
Title
Nautobot: Object bulk rename UI actions vulnerable to denial of service by crafted regular expression (REDoS)
Summary
Nautobot is a Network Source of Truth and Network Automation Platform. Prior to 2.4.33 and 3.1.2, Nautobot UI object-bulk-rename endpoints (for example, /dcim/interfaces/rename/) were vulnerable to application-wide denial of service via maliciously crafted regular expressions in the find field in combination with the use_regex flag. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.4.33 and 3.1.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nautobot nautobot Affected: >= 3.0.0a2, < 3.1.2
Affected: < 2.4.33
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-4539 (GCVE-0-2026-4539)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-22 05:35 – Updated: 2026-03-23 16:08
VLAI
Title
pygments archetype.py AdlLexer redos
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in pygments up to 2.19.2. The impacted element is the function AdlLexer of the file pygments/lexers/archetype.py. The manipulation results in inefficient regular expression complexity. The attack is only possible with local access. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  • CWE-400 - Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.352327 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.352327 signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.774685 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/pygments/pygments/issues/3058 exploitissue-tracking
https://github.com/pygments/pygments/ product
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a pygments Affected: 2.19.0
Affected: 2.19.1
Affected: 2.19.2
Credits
ybdesire (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-45409 (GCVE-0-2026-45409)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-05 22:06 – Updated: 2026-06-08 16:34
VLAI
Title
Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Specially crafted inputs to idna.encode() can bypass CVE-2024-3651 fix
Summary
Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) for Python provides support for Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) and Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing. In versions prior to 3.15, payloads such as `"\u0660" * N` or `"\u30fb" * N + "\u6f22"` utilize the `valid_contexto` function prior to length rejection, and for high values of `N` will take a long time to process. This is the same issue as CVE-2024-3651, however the original remediation in 2024 was not a complete fix. A specially crafted argument to the `idna.encode()` function could consume significant resources. This may lead to a denial-of-service. Starting in version 3.14, the function rejects long inputs as soon as practicable prior to any further processing to minimize resource consumption. In version 3.15, this approach was extended to lesser used alternate functions (i.e. per-label conversions and codec support). A workaround is available. Domain names cannot exceed 253 characters in length. If this length limit is enforced prior to passing the domain to the `idna.encode()` function, it should no longer consume significant resources. This is triggered by arbitrarily large inputs that would not occur in normal usage, but may be passed to the library assuming there is no preliminary input validation by the higher-level application.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kjd idna Affected: < 3.15
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-45617 (GCVE-0-2026-45617)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 22:14 – Updated: 2026-06-18 15:46
VLAI
Title
LiquidJS: ReDoS via Quadratic Backtracking in `strip_html` Filter Regex
Summary
LiquidJS is a Shopify/GitHub Pages compatible template engine written in pure JavaScript. In versions 10.25.7 and below, the built-in strip_html filter uses a regex containing four flawed lazy-quantified alternatives, leading to ReDoS via quadratic backtracking. When the input contains many <script, <style, or <!-- opener tokens without matching closers, the V8 regex engine performs O(N²) backtracking, blocking the Node.js event loop. A single ~350 KB request ('<script'.repeat(50000)) stalls the process for ~10 seconds; cost grows quadratically with input size. The default memoryLimit: Infinity does not bound regex CPU, and even when configured strip_html only charges str.length to the limit — the regex itself runs unbounded. A single unauthenticated request containing crafted untrusted input can cause severe event-loop blocking and CPU amplification that saturates Node.js workers while bypassing memoryLimit protections. This issue has been fixed in version 10.26.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
harttle liquidjs Affected: < 10.26.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-47138 (GCVE-0-2026-47138)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-12 18:22 – Updated: 2026-06-12 18:56
VLAI
Title
Parse Server: Pre-authentication denial of service via client version header regex backtracking
Summary
Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to versions 8.6.77 and 9.9.1-alpha.1, an unauthenticated attacker who knows a publicly-known Parse Application ID can submit a single HTTP request whose client SDK version field contains adversarial input that triggers polynomial backtracking in a request-header parser. The parsing runs before session authentication and before rate limiting on every /parse/* request, so the request consumes seconds to minutes of synchronous CPU on a Node.js worker before any access control evaluates it. A small number of concurrent requests can saturate a worker; a single large request via the body-field variant can pin a worker for minutes. Production deployments running the default configuration are affected. This issue has been patched in versions 8.6.77 and 9.9.1-alpha.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
parse-community parse-server Affected: < 8.6.77
Affected: >= 9.0.0, < 9.9.1-alpha.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-4867 (GCVE-0-2026-4867)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-26 16:16 – Updated: 2026-03-26 16:52
VLAI
Title
path-to-regexp vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service via multiple route parameters
Summary
Impact: A bad regular expression is generated any time you have three or more parameters within a single segment, separated by something that is not a period (.). For example, /:a-:b-:c or /:a-:b-:c-:d. The backtrack protection added in path-to-regexp@0.1.12 only prevents ambiguity for two parameters. With three or more, the generated lookahead does not block single separator characters, so capture groups overlap and cause catastrophic backtracking. Patches: Upgrade to path-to-regexp@0.1.13 Custom regex patterns in route definitions (e.g., /:a-:b([^-/]+)-:c([^-/]+)) are not affected because they override the default capture group. Workarounds: All versions can be patched by providing a custom regular expression for parameters after the first in a single segment. As long as the custom regular expression does not match the text before the parameter, you will be safe. For example, change /:a-:b-:c to /:a-:b([^-/]+)-:c([^-/]+). If paths cannot be rewritten and versions cannot be upgraded, another alternative is to limit the URL length.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
path-to-regexp path-to-regexp Affected: 0 , < 0.1.13 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
EthanKim88 blakeembrey UlisesGascon
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-4923 (GCVE-0-2026-4923)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-26 19:02 – Updated: 2026-03-27 13:58
VLAI
Title
path-to-regexp vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service via multiple wildcards
Summary
Impact: When using multiple wildcards, combined with at least one parameter, a regular expression can be generated that is vulnerable to ReDoS. This backtracking vulnerability requires the second wildcard to be somewhere other than the end of the path. Unsafe examples: /*foo-*bar-:baz /*a-:b-*c-:d /x/*a-:b/*c/y Safe examples: /*foo-:bar /*foo-:bar-*baz Patches: Upgrade to version 8.4.0. Workarounds: If you are using multiple wildcard parameters, you can check the regex output with a tool such as https://makenowjust-labs.github.io/recheck/playground/ to confirm whether a path is vulnerable.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
path-to-regexp path-to-regexp Affected: 8.0.0 , < 8.4.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 8.4.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
blakeembrey UlisesGascon
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-4926 (GCVE-0-2026-4926)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-26 18:59 – Updated: 2026-03-27 19:44
VLAI
Title
path-to-regexp vulnerable to Denial of Service via sequential optional groups
Summary
Impact: A bad regular expression is generated any time you have multiple sequential optional groups (curly brace syntax), such as `{a}{b}{c}:z`. The generated regex grows exponentially with the number of groups, causing denial of service. Patches: Fixed in version 8.4.0. Workarounds: Limit the number of sequential optional groups in route patterns. Avoid passing user-controlled input as route patterns.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
path-to-regexp path-to-regexp Affected: 8.0.0 , < 8.4.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 8.4.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
uug4na blakeembrey UlisesGascon
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.
Mitigation

Phase: System Configuration

Description:

  • Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.

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