Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-918

Allowed

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination.

4713 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-3WG2-72JM-537J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-14 06:30 – Updated: 2023-03-20 18:30
VLAI
Details

In SAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligence Platform - version 420, 430, an attacker can control a malicious BOE server, forcing the application server to connect to its own CMS, leading to a high impact on availability.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-27896"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-14T06:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In SAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligence Platform - version 420, 430, an attacker can control a malicious BOE server, forcing the application server to connect to its own CMS, leading to a high impact on availability.",
  "id": "GHSA-3wg2-72jm-537j",
  "modified": "2023-03-20T18:30:56Z",
  "published": "2023-03-14T06:30:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27896"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/3287120"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.sap.com/documents/2022/02/fa865ea4-167e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3WRM-PM5V-8VQ8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-10 15:31 – Updated: 2026-07-10 15:31
VLAI
Details

PraisonAI before 4.6.78 contains an unauthenticated server-side request forgery vulnerability in the Jobs API /api/v1/runs endpoint. The webhook_url parameter is validated at request time but re-resolved at connection time, allowing attackers to use DNS rebinding to reach internal services with a blind SSRF attack.

Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-60091"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T15:16:49Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "PraisonAI before 4.6.78 contains an unauthenticated server-side request forgery vulnerability in the Jobs API /api/v1/runs endpoint. The webhook_url parameter is validated at request time but re-resolved at connection time, allowing attackers to use DNS rebinding to reach internal services with a blind SSRF attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-3wrm-pm5v-8vq8",
  "modified": "2026-07-10T15:31:41Z",
  "published": "2026-07-10T15:31:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-4w49-gwv8-fpjg"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60091"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/praisonai-before-unauthenticated-ssrf-via-webhook-url"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3WW8-JW56-9F5H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-30 17:21 – Updated: 2026-03-31 18:55
VLAI
Summary
FHIR Validator: Unauthenticated Blind SSRF via /loadIG Endpoint Enables Internal Network Probing
Details

Summary

The /loadIG HTTP endpoint in the FHIR Validator HTTP service accepts a user-supplied URL via JSON body and makes server-side HTTP requests to it without any hostname, scheme, or domain validation. An unauthenticated attacker with network access to the validator can probe internal network services, cloud metadata endpoints, and map network topology through error-based information leakage. With explore=true (the default for this code path), each request triggers multiple outbound HTTP calls, amplifying reconnaissance capability.

Details

Root cause chain:

  1. LoadIGHTTPHandler.handle() reads the ig field from user-supplied JSON and passes it directly to IgLoader.loadIg() with no validation:
// LoadIGHTTPHandler.java:35,43
String ig = wrapper.asString("ig");
engine.getIgLoader().loadIg(engine.getIgs(), engine.getBinaries(), ig, false);

  1. loadIg() calls loadIgSource(srcPackage, recursive, true) with explore=true (IgLoader.java:153).

  2. loadIgSource() checks Common.isNetworkPath(src) which only verifies the URL starts with http: or https: — no host/IP validation (Common.java:14-16).

  3. The URL reaches ManagedWebAccess.get() which calls inAllowedPaths(). This check is a no-op by default because allowedDomains is initialized as an empty list, and the code explicitly returns true when empty:

// ManagedWebAccess.java:104-106
static boolean inAllowedPaths(String pathname) {
    if (allowedDomains.isEmpty()) {
        return true;  // DEFAULT: all domains allowed
    }
    // ...
}

The source code has a //TODO get this from fhir settings comment (line 82) confirming this is an incomplete security control.

  1. SimpleHTTPClient.get() makes the HTTP request and follows 301/302/307/308 redirects up to 5 times. Redirect targets are NOT re-validated against inAllowedPaths():
// SimpleHTTPClient.java:88-99
case HttpURLConnection.HTTP_MOVED_PERM,
     HttpURLConnection.HTTP_MOVED_TEMP,
     307, 308:
    String location = connection.getHeaderField("Location");
    url = new URL(originalUrl, location);  // No domain re-validation
    continue;
  1. The server binds to all interfaces with no authentication (FhirValidatorHttpService.java:31):
server = HttpServer.create(new InetSocketAddress(port), 0);
  1. Errors propagate back to the attacker with exception details:
// LoadIGHTTPHandler.java:49
sendOperationOutcome(exchange, 500,
    OperationOutcomeUtilities.createError("Failed to load IG: " + e.getMessage()), ...);

Redirect bypass: Even if allowedDomains were configured, the domain check in ManagedWebAccessor.setupSimpleHTTPClient() (line 31) only validates the initial URL. An attacker can host a redirect on an allowed domain that points to an internal target.

PoC

  1. Start the FHIR Validator in HTTP server mode:
java -jar validator_cli.jar -server -port 8080
  1. Probe a cloud metadata endpoint:
curl -X POST http://<validator-host>:8080/loadIG \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"ig": "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/"}'

Expected: The validator makes a GET request to the AWS metadata service from its own network position. The error response reveals whether the endpoint is reachable (e.g., connection refused vs. parse error on HTML content).

  1. Port scan an internal host:
# Open port — returns quickly with a parse error (content received but not valid FHIR)
curl -X POST http://<validator-host>:8080/loadIG \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"ig": "http://10.0.0.1:8080/"}'

# Closed port — returns with "Connection refused"
curl -X POST http://<validator-host>:8080/loadIG \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"ig": "http://10.0.0.1:9999/"}'
  1. Redirect bypass (if allowedDomains were configured):
# Attacker hosts redirect: http://allowed-domain.com/redir → http://127.0.0.1:8080/admin
curl -X POST http://<validator-host>:8080/loadIG \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"ig": "http://allowed-domain.com/redir"}'

The validator follows the redirect to the internal target without re-checking the domain allowlist.

Impact

An unauthenticated attacker with network access to the FHIR Validator HTTP service can:

  • Probe internal network services — differentiate open/closed ports and reachable/unreachable hosts via error message analysis (connection refused vs. timeout vs. content parse errors)
  • Access cloud metadata endpoints — reach AWS/GCP/Azure instance metadata services (169.254.169.254) from the validator's network position
  • Map internal network topology — systematically enumerate internal hosts and services
  • Bypass domain restrictions via redirects — even if allowedDomains is configured, redirect following does not re-validate targets
  • Amplify reconnaissance — each /loadIG call with explore=true generates multiple outbound requests (package.tgz, JSON, XML variants)

This is a blind SSRF — the fetched content is not directly returned. Impact is limited to network probing and error-based information leakage rather than full content exfiltration.

Recommended Fix

  1. Add URL validation in LoadIGHTTPHandler before passing to loadIg() — reject private/internal IP ranges and non-standard ports:
// LoadIGHTTPHandler.java — add before line 43
if (Common.isNetworkPath(ig)) {
    URL url = new URL(ig);
    InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName(url.getHost());
    if (addr.isLoopbackAddress() || addr.isLinkLocalAddress() ||
        addr.isSiteLocalAddress() || addr.isAnyLocalAddress()) {
        sendOperationOutcome(exchange, 400,
            OperationOutcomeUtilities.createError("URL targets a private/internal address"),
            getAcceptHeader(exchange));
        return;
    }
}
  1. Re-validate redirect targets in SimpleHTTPClient.get() — check inAllowedPaths() for each redirect URL:
// SimpleHTTPClient.java — inside the redirect case (after line 98)
url = new URL(originalUrl, location);
if (!ManagedWebAccess.inAllowedPaths(url.toString())) {
    throw new IOException("Redirect target '" + url + "' is not in allowed domains");
}

  1. Configure allowedDomains by default to restrict outbound requests to known FHIR registries (e.g., packages.fhir.org, hl7.org), or require explicit opt-in for open access.

  2. Add authentication to the HTTP service, at minimum for state-changing endpoints like /loadIG.

Severity
5.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "ca.uhn.hapi.fhir:org.hl7.fhir.core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.9.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-34360"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-30T17:21:28Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-31T17:16:32Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe `/loadIG` HTTP endpoint in the FHIR Validator HTTP service accepts a user-supplied URL via JSON body and makes server-side HTTP requests to it without any hostname, scheme, or domain validation. An unauthenticated attacker with network access to the validator can probe internal network services, cloud metadata endpoints, and map network topology through error-based information leakage. With `explore=true` (the default for this code path), each request triggers multiple outbound HTTP calls, amplifying reconnaissance capability.\n\n## Details\n\n**Root cause chain:**\n\n1. `LoadIGHTTPHandler.handle()` reads the `ig` field from user-supplied JSON and passes it directly to `IgLoader.loadIg()` with no validation:\n\n```java\n// LoadIGHTTPHandler.java:35,43\nString ig = wrapper.asString(\"ig\");\nengine.getIgLoader().loadIg(engine.getIgs(), engine.getBinaries(), ig, false);\n```\n\n2. `loadIg()` calls `loadIgSource(srcPackage, recursive, true)` with `explore=true` (IgLoader.java:153).\n\n3. `loadIgSource()` checks `Common.isNetworkPath(src)` which only verifies the URL starts with `http:` or `https:` \u2014 no host/IP validation (Common.java:14-16).\n\n4. The URL reaches `ManagedWebAccess.get()` which calls `inAllowedPaths()`. This check is a no-op by default because `allowedDomains` is initialized as an empty list, and the code explicitly returns `true` when empty:\n\n```java\n// ManagedWebAccess.java:104-106\nstatic boolean inAllowedPaths(String pathname) {\n    if (allowedDomains.isEmpty()) {\n        return true;  // DEFAULT: all domains allowed\n    }\n    // ...\n}\n```\n\nThe source code has a `//TODO get this from fhir settings` comment (line 82) confirming this is an incomplete security control.\n\n5. `SimpleHTTPClient.get()` makes the HTTP request and follows 301/302/307/308 redirects up to 5 times. Redirect targets are NOT re-validated against `inAllowedPaths()`:\n\n```java\n// SimpleHTTPClient.java:88-99\ncase HttpURLConnection.HTTP_MOVED_PERM,\n     HttpURLConnection.HTTP_MOVED_TEMP,\n     307, 308:\n    String location = connection.getHeaderField(\"Location\");\n    url = new URL(originalUrl, location);  // No domain re-validation\n    continue;\n```\n\n6. The server binds to all interfaces with no authentication (FhirValidatorHttpService.java:31):\n\n```java\nserver = HttpServer.create(new InetSocketAddress(port), 0);\n```\n\n7. Errors propagate back to the attacker with exception details:\n\n```java\n// LoadIGHTTPHandler.java:49\nsendOperationOutcome(exchange, 500,\n    OperationOutcomeUtilities.createError(\"Failed to load IG: \" + e.getMessage()), ...);\n```\n\n**Redirect bypass:** Even if `allowedDomains` were configured, the domain check in `ManagedWebAccessor.setupSimpleHTTPClient()` (line 31) only validates the initial URL. An attacker can host a redirect on an allowed domain that points to an internal target.\n\n## PoC\n\n1. Start the FHIR Validator in HTTP server mode:\n```bash\njava -jar validator_cli.jar -server -port 8080\n```\n\n2. Probe a cloud metadata endpoint:\n```bash\ncurl -X POST http://\u003cvalidator-host\u003e:8080/loadIG \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d \u0027{\"ig\": \"http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/\"}\u0027\n```\n\nExpected: The validator makes a GET request to the AWS metadata service from its own network position. The error response reveals whether the endpoint is reachable (e.g., connection refused vs. parse error on HTML content).\n\n3. Port scan an internal host:\n```bash\n# Open port \u2014 returns quickly with a parse error (content received but not valid FHIR)\ncurl -X POST http://\u003cvalidator-host\u003e:8080/loadIG \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d \u0027{\"ig\": \"http://10.0.0.1:8080/\"}\u0027\n\n# Closed port \u2014 returns with \"Connection refused\"\ncurl -X POST http://\u003cvalidator-host\u003e:8080/loadIG \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d \u0027{\"ig\": \"http://10.0.0.1:9999/\"}\u0027\n```\n\n4. Redirect bypass (if allowedDomains were configured):\n```bash\n# Attacker hosts redirect: http://allowed-domain.com/redir \u2192 http://127.0.0.1:8080/admin\ncurl -X POST http://\u003cvalidator-host\u003e:8080/loadIG \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d \u0027{\"ig\": \"http://allowed-domain.com/redir\"}\u0027\n```\n\nThe validator follows the redirect to the internal target without re-checking the domain allowlist.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn unauthenticated attacker with network access to the FHIR Validator HTTP service can:\n\n- **Probe internal network services** \u2014 differentiate open/closed ports and reachable/unreachable hosts via error message analysis (connection refused vs. timeout vs. content parse errors)\n- **Access cloud metadata endpoints** \u2014 reach AWS/GCP/Azure instance metadata services (169.254.169.254) from the validator\u0027s network position\n- **Map internal network topology** \u2014 systematically enumerate internal hosts and services\n- **Bypass domain restrictions via redirects** \u2014 even if allowedDomains is configured, redirect following does not re-validate targets\n- **Amplify reconnaissance** \u2014 each `/loadIG` call with `explore=true` generates multiple outbound requests (package.tgz, JSON, XML variants)\n\nThis is a blind SSRF \u2014 the fetched content is not directly returned. Impact is limited to network probing and error-based information leakage rather than full content exfiltration.\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\n1. **Add URL validation** in `LoadIGHTTPHandler` before passing to `loadIg()` \u2014 reject private/internal IP ranges and non-standard ports:\n\n```java\n// LoadIGHTTPHandler.java \u2014 add before line 43\nif (Common.isNetworkPath(ig)) {\n    URL url = new URL(ig);\n    InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName(url.getHost());\n    if (addr.isLoopbackAddress() || addr.isLinkLocalAddress() ||\n        addr.isSiteLocalAddress() || addr.isAnyLocalAddress()) {\n        sendOperationOutcome(exchange, 400,\n            OperationOutcomeUtilities.createError(\"URL targets a private/internal address\"),\n            getAcceptHeader(exchange));\n        return;\n    }\n}\n```\n\n2. **Re-validate redirect targets** in `SimpleHTTPClient.get()` \u2014 check `inAllowedPaths()` for each redirect URL:\n\n```java\n// SimpleHTTPClient.java \u2014 inside the redirect case (after line 98)\nurl = new URL(originalUrl, location);\nif (!ManagedWebAccess.inAllowedPaths(url.toString())) {\n    throw new IOException(\"Redirect target \u0027\" + url + \"\u0027 is not in allowed domains\");\n}\n```\n\n3. **Configure `allowedDomains` by default** to restrict outbound requests to known FHIR registries (e.g., `packages.fhir.org`, `hl7.org`), or require explicit opt-in for open access.\n\n4. **Add authentication** to the HTTP service, at minimum for state-changing endpoints like `/loadIG`.",
  "id": "GHSA-3ww8-jw56-9f5h",
  "modified": "2026-03-31T18:55:39Z",
  "published": "2026-03-30T17:21:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hapifhir/org.hl7.fhir.core/security/advisories/GHSA-3ww8-jw56-9f5h"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34360"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/hapifhir/org.hl7.fhir.core"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "FHIR Validator: Unauthenticated Blind SSRF via /loadIG Endpoint Enables Internal Network Probing"
}

GHSA-3X3H-FCC9-P4PX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-28 15:30 – Updated: 2025-03-28 21:30
VLAI
Details

An administrative user of WebReports may perform a Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) exploit through SMTP configuration options.

Severity
3.5 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-45705"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-28T15:15:45Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "An administrative user of WebReports may perform a Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) exploit through SMTP configuration options.",
  "id": "GHSA-3x3h-fcc9-p4px",
  "modified": "2025-03-28T21:30:37Z",
  "published": "2024-03-28T15:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45705"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.hcltechsw.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0111972"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3X8W-QFR9-4JMG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-15 21:30 – Updated: 2025-12-19 00:31
VLAI
Details

Ateme TITAN File 3.9.12.4 contains an authenticated server-side request forgery vulnerability in the job callback URL parameter that allows attackers to bypass network restrictions. Attackers can exploit the unvalidated parameter to initiate file, service, and network enumeration by forcing the application to make HTTP, DNS, or file requests to arbitrary destinations.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-53893"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-15T21:15:52Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Ateme TITAN File 3.9.12.4 contains an authenticated server-side request forgery vulnerability in the job callback URL parameter that allows attackers to bypass network restrictions. Attackers can exploit the unvalidated parameter to initiate file, service, and network enumeration by forcing the application to make HTTP, DNS, or file requests to arbitrary destinations.",
  "id": "GHSA-3x8w-qfr9-4jmg",
  "modified": "2025-12-19T00:31:41Z",
  "published": "2025-12-15T21:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-53893"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ateme.com/product-titan-software"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/51582"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ateme-titan-file-authenticated-server-side-request-forgery-vulnerability"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2023-5781.php"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3XM7-QW7J-QC8V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-18 12:59 – Updated: 2026-04-24 20:46
VLAI
Summary
SSRF in @aborruso/ckan-mcp-server via base_url allows access to internal networks
Details

Summary

The @aborruso/ckan-mcp-server MCP server provides tools including ckan_package_search and sparql_query that accept a base_url parameter, making HTTP requests to arbitrary endpoints without restriction. A CKAN portal client has no legitimate reason to contact cloud metadata or internal network services.

Severity

Attack complexity is HIGH because exploitation requires prompt injection via malicious content (webpage, document) while the victim's AI assistant has this MCP server connected.

Proof of Concept

Tested inside Docker-in-Docker isolated environment with canary HTTP sidecar.

{"tool": "ckan_package_search", "arguments": {"base_url": "http://canary:8080/ssrf", "query": "test"}}

Result: Canary received 9 HTTP requests. The high request volume confirms no rate limiting or URL validation.

Root Cause

No URL validation on base_url parameter. No private IP blocking (RFC 1918, link-local 169.254.x.x), no cloud metadata blocking. The sparql_query and ckan_datastore_search_sql tools also accept arbitrary base URLs and expose injection surfaces.

Impact

Internal network scanning, cloud metadata theft (IAM credentials via IMDS at 169.254.169.254), potential SQL/SPARQL injection via unsanitized query parameters. Attack requires prompt injection to control the base_url parameter.

Recommended Fix

  1. Validate base_url against a configurable allowlist of permitted CKAN portals
  2. Block private IP ranges (RFC 1918, link-local)
  3. Block cloud metadata endpoints (169.254.169.254)
  4. Sanitize SQL input for datastore queries
  5. SPARQL endpoint allowlist

Credit

Discovered by Andrei Boldyrev of Munio Security Research using munio

Severity
5.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@aborruso/ckan-mcp-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.4.85"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33060"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-18T12:59:42Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-20T08:16:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe `@aborruso/ckan-mcp-server` MCP server provides tools including `ckan_package_search` and `sparql_query` that accept a `base_url` parameter, making HTTP requests to arbitrary endpoints without restriction. A CKAN portal client has no legitimate reason to contact cloud metadata or internal network services.\n\n## Severity\n\nAttack complexity is HIGH because exploitation requires prompt injection via malicious content (webpage, document) while the victim\u0027s AI assistant has this MCP server connected.\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\nTested inside Docker-in-Docker isolated environment with canary HTTP sidecar.\n\n```json\n{\"tool\": \"ckan_package_search\", \"arguments\": {\"base_url\": \"http://canary:8080/ssrf\", \"query\": \"test\"}}\n```\n**Result**: Canary received **9 HTTP requests**. The high request volume confirms no rate limiting or URL validation.\n\n## Root Cause\n\nNo URL validation on `base_url` parameter. No private IP blocking (RFC 1918, link-local 169.254.x.x), no cloud metadata blocking. The `sparql_query` and `ckan_datastore_search_sql` tools also accept arbitrary base URLs and expose injection surfaces.\n\n## Impact\n\nInternal network scanning, cloud metadata theft (IAM credentials via IMDS at 169.254.169.254), potential SQL/SPARQL injection via unsanitized query parameters. Attack requires prompt injection to control the `base_url` parameter.\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\n1. Validate `base_url` against a configurable allowlist of permitted CKAN portals\n2. Block private IP ranges (RFC 1918, link-local)\n3. Block cloud metadata endpoints (169.254.169.254)\n4. Sanitize SQL input for datastore queries\n5. SPARQL endpoint allowlist\n\n## Credit\n\nDiscovered by [Andrei Boldyrev](https://github.com/abcgco) of Munio Security Research using [munio](https://munio.dev)",
  "id": "GHSA-3xm7-qw7j-qc8v",
  "modified": "2026-04-24T20:46:15Z",
  "published": "2026-03-18T12:59:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ondata/ckan-mcp-server/security/advisories/GHSA-3xm7-qw7j-qc8v"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33060"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kysely-org/kysely/commit/0a602bff2f442f6c26d5e047ca8f8715179f6d24"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ondata/ckan-mcp-server"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "SSRF in @aborruso/ckan-mcp-server via base_url allows access to internal networks"
}

GHSA-3XQF-MVHG-35J8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-28 09:30 – Updated: 2023-12-04 21:30
VLAI
Details

Anyscale Ray 2.6.3 and 2.8.0 allows /log_proxy SSRF. NOTE: the vendor's position is that this report is irrelevant because Ray, as stated in its documentation, is not intended for use outside of a strictly controlled network environment

Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-48023"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-28T08:15:07Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Anyscale Ray 2.6.3 and 2.8.0 allows /log_proxy SSRF. NOTE: the vendor\u0027s position is that this report is irrelevant because Ray, as stated in its documentation, is not intended for use outside of a strictly controlled network environment",
  "id": "GHSA-3xqf-mvhg-35j8",
  "modified": "2023-12-04T21:30:51Z",
  "published": "2023-11-28T09:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48023"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bishopfox.com/blog/ray-versions-2-6-3-2-8-0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.ray.io/en/latest/ray-security/index.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3XXR-729F-X6V9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-15 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-23 00:00
VLAI
Details

IBM Spectrum Copy Data Management 2.2.0.0 through 2.2.14.3 is vulnerable to server-side request forgery, caused by improper input of application server registration function. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability using the host address and port fields of the application server registration form in the portal UI to enumerate and attack services that are running on those hosts. IBM X-Force ID: 214441.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-39051"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-14T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Spectrum Copy Data Management 2.2.0.0 through 2.2.14.3 is vulnerable to server-side request forgery, caused by improper input of application server registration function. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability using the host address and port fields of the application server registration form in the portal UI to enumerate and attack services that are running on those hosts. IBM X-Force ID: 214441.",
  "id": "GHSA-3xxr-729f-x6v9",
  "modified": "2022-03-23T00:00:48Z",
  "published": "2022-03-15T00:00:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39051"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/214441"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6562479"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4233-7Q5Q-M7P6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-27 23:30 – Updated: 2023-11-27 23:30
VLAI
Summary
google-translate-api-browser Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Vulnerability
Details

Summary

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Vulnerability is present in applications utilizing the google-translate-api-browser package and exposing the translateOptions to the end user. An attacker can set a malicious tld, causing the application to return unsafe URLs pointing towards local resources.

Details

The translateOptions.tld field is not properly sanitized before being placed in the Google translate URL. This can allow an attacker with control over the translateOptions to set the tld to a payload such as @127.0.0.1. This causes the full URL to become https://translate.google.@127.0.0.1/..., where translate.google. is the username used to connect to localhost.

PoC

Imagine a server running the following code (closely mimicking the code present in the package's README):

const express = require('express');
const { generateRequestUrl, normaliseResponse } = require('google-translate-api-browser');
const https = require('https');

const app = express();
app.use(express.json());

app.post('/translate', async (req, res) => {
    const { text, options } = req.body;

    const url = generateRequestUrl(text, options);

    https.get(url, (resp) => {
        let data = '';

        resp.on('data', (chunk) => {
          data += chunk;
        });

        resp.on('end', () => {
            res.json(normaliseResponse(JSON.parse(data)));
        });
      }).on("error", (err) => {
        console.log("Error: " + err.message);
      });
});

const port = 3000;
app.listen(port, () => {
  console.log(`Server is running on port ${port}`);
});

An attacker can then send the following POST request to /translate:

POST /translate HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:3000
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 51

{"text":"Hello","options": {"tld": "@127.0.0.1"}  }

This will cause a request to be sent to the localhost of the server running the Node application.

Impact

An attacker can send requests within internal networks and the local host. Should any HTTPS application be present on the internal network with a vulnerability exploitable via a GET call, then it would be possible to exploit this using this vulnerability.

Severity
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "google-translate-api-browser"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-48711"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-11-27T23:30:14Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-24T17:15:07Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Vulnerability is present in applications utilizing the `google-translate-api-browser` package and exposing the `translateOptions` to the end user. An attacker can set a malicious `tld`, causing the application to return unsafe URLs pointing towards local resources.\n\n### Details\nThe `translateOptions.tld` field is not properly sanitized before being placed in the Google translate URL. This can allow an attacker with control over the `translateOptions` to set the `tld` to a payload such as `@127.0.0.1`. This causes the full URL to become `https://translate.google.@127.0.0.1/...`, where `translate.google.` is the username used to connect to localhost.\n\n### PoC\nImagine a server running the following code (closely mimicking the code present in the package\u0027s README):\n```javascript\nconst express = require(\u0027express\u0027);\nconst { generateRequestUrl, normaliseResponse } = require(\u0027google-translate-api-browser\u0027);\nconst https = require(\u0027https\u0027);\n\nconst app = express();\napp.use(express.json());\n\napp.post(\u0027/translate\u0027, async (req, res) =\u003e {\n    const { text, options } = req.body;\n\n    const url = generateRequestUrl(text, options);\n\n    https.get(url, (resp) =\u003e {\n        let data = \u0027\u0027;\n      \n        resp.on(\u0027data\u0027, (chunk) =\u003e {\n          data += chunk;\n        });\n      \n        resp.on(\u0027end\u0027, () =\u003e {\n            res.json(normaliseResponse(JSON.parse(data)));\n        });\n      }).on(\"error\", (err) =\u003e {\n        console.log(\"Error: \" + err.message);\n      });\n});\n\nconst port = 3000;\napp.listen(port, () =\u003e {\n  console.log(`Server is running on port ${port}`);\n});\n```\n\nAn attacker can then send the following POST request to `/translate`:\n```\nPOST /translate HTTP/1.1\nHost: localhost:3000\nContent-Type: application/json\nContent-Length: 51\n\n{\"text\":\"Hello\",\"options\": {\"tld\": \"@127.0.0.1\"}  }\n```\n\nThis will cause a request to be sent to the localhost of the server running the Node application.\n\n### Impact\nAn attacker can send requests within internal networks and the local host. Should any HTTPS application be present on the internal network with a vulnerability exploitable via a GET call, then it would be possible to exploit this using this vulnerability.\n",
  "id": "GHSA-4233-7q5q-m7p6",
  "modified": "2023-11-27T23:30:14Z",
  "published": "2023-11-27T23:30:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cjvnjde/google-translate-api-browser/security/advisories/GHSA-4233-7q5q-m7p6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48711"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cjvnjde/google-translate-api-browser/commit/33c2eac4a21c6504409e7b06dd16e6346f93d34b"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/cjvnjde/google-translate-api-browser"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "google-translate-api-browser Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Vulnerability"
}

GHSA-423G-PPH2-4PP5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-02 06:30 – Updated: 2026-05-02 06:30
VLAI
Details

The Ona theme for WordPress is vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.26 via the ona_activate_child_theme. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrator-level access and above, to make web requests to arbitrary locations originating from the web application and can be used to query and modify information from internal services.

Severity
4.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-6812"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-02T06:16:04Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Ona theme for WordPress is vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.26 via the ona_activate_child_theme. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrator-level access and above, to make web requests to arbitrary locations originating from the web application and can be used to query and modify information from internal services.",
  "id": "GHSA-423g-pph2-4pp5",
  "modified": "2026-05-02T06:30:24Z",
  "published": "2026-05-02T06:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6812"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ona/tags/1.23.2/inc/admin/theme-admin.php#L688"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ona/tags/1.23.2/inc/admin/theme-admin.php#L694"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ona/trunk/inc/admin/theme-admin.php#L688"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ona/trunk/inc/admin/theme-admin.php#L694"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/0acb365c-b5f2-4377-875b-69278a8ff96e?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-664: Server Side Request Forgery

An adversary exploits improper input validation by submitting maliciously crafted input to a target application running on a server, with the goal of forcing the server to make a request either to itself, to web services running in the server’s internal network, or to external third parties. If successful, the adversary’s request will be made with the server’s privilege level, bypassing its authentication controls. This ultimately allows the adversary to access sensitive data, execute commands on the server’s network, and make external requests with the stolen identity of the server. Server Side Request Forgery attacks differ from Cross Site Request Forgery attacks in that they target the server itself, whereas CSRF attacks exploit an insecure user authentication mechanism to perform unauthorized actions on the user's behalf.

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