CWE-78
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.
8331 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MVQ3-FGC2-44M7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:22 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:31** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** D-Link DIR-610 devices allow Remote Command Execution via the cmd parameter to command.php. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-9377"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-07-09T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** D-Link DIR-610 devices allow Remote Command Execution via the cmd parameter to command.php. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-mvq3-fgc2-44m7",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:31:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:22:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9377"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/GouveaHeitor/131557f9de7d571f118f59805df852dc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10182"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2020-9377"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com.br/produto/dir-610"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MVRP-XM3F-X5PH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:17 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:17A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to perform a command-injection attack on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation of command arguments. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious command arguments into a vulnerable CLI command. A successful exploit could allow the attacker, authenticated as a privileged user, to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges. Note: On products that support multiple virtual device contexts (VDC), this vulnerability could allow an attacker to access files from any VDC. This vulnerability affects Nexus 2000 Series Fabric Extenders, Nexus 3000 Series Switches, Nexus 3500 Platform Switches, Nexus 3600 Platform Switches, Nexus 5500 Platform Switches, Nexus 5600 Platform Switches, Nexus 6000 Series Switches, Nexus 7000 Series Switches, Nexus 7700 Series Switches, Nexus 9000 Series Switches in standalone NX-OS mode, Nexus 9500 R-Series Line Cards and Fabric Modules. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCve51704, CSCve91749, CSCve91768.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0307"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-20T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to perform a command-injection attack on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation of command arguments. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious command arguments into a vulnerable CLI command. A successful exploit could allow the attacker, authenticated as a privileged user, to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges. Note: On products that support multiple virtual device contexts (VDC), this vulnerability could allow an attacker to access files from any VDC. This vulnerability affects Nexus 2000 Series Fabric Extenders, Nexus 3000 Series Switches, Nexus 3500 Platform Switches, Nexus 3600 Platform Switches, Nexus 5500 Platform Switches, Nexus 5600 Platform Switches, Nexus 6000 Series Switches, Nexus 7000 Series Switches, Nexus 7700 Series Switches, Nexus 9000 Series Switches in standalone NX-OS mode, Nexus 9500 R-Series Line Cards and Fabric Modules. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCve51704, CSCve91749, CSCve91768.",
"id": "GHSA-mvrp-xm3f-x5ph",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:17:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:17:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0307"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180620-nx-os-cli-injection"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041169"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MW36-7C6C-Q4Q2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-11-16 20:07 – Updated: 2025-09-03 15:04Impact
The vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to run arbitrary shell commands only by manipulating the processed input stream.
Patches
If you rely on XStream's default blacklist of the Security Framework, you will have to use at least version 1.4.14.
Workarounds
No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's Security Framework with a whitelist! Anyone relying on XStream's default blacklist can immediately switch to a whilelist for the allowed types to avoid the vulnerability.
Users of XStream 1.4.13 or below who still want to use XStream default blacklist can use a workaround depending on their version in use.
Users of XStream 1.4.13 can simply add two lines to XStream's setup code:
xstream.denyTypes(new String[]{ "javax.imageio.ImageIO$ContainsFilter" });
xstream.denyTypes(new Class[]{ java.lang.ProcessBuilder.class });
Users of XStream 1.4.12 to 1.4.7 who want to use XStream with a black list will have to setup such a list from scratch and deny at least the following types: javax.imageio.ImageIO$ContainsFilter, java.beans.EventHandler, java.lang.ProcessBuilder, java.lang.Void and void.
xstream.denyTypes(new String[]{ "javax.imageio.ImageIO$ContainsFilter" });
xstream.denyTypes(new Class[]{ java.lang.ProcessBuilder.class, java.beans.EventHandler.class, java.lang.ProcessBuilder.class, java.lang.Void.class, void.class });
Users of XStream 1.4.6 or below can register an own converter to prevent the unmarshalling of the currently know critical types of the Java runtime. It is in fact an updated version of the workaround for CVE-2013-7285:
xstream.registerConverter(new Converter() {
public boolean canConvert(Class type) {
return type != null && (type == java.beans.EventHandler.class || type == java.lang.ProcessBuilder.class || type == java.lang.Void.class || void.class || type.getName().equals("javax.imageio.ImageIO$ContainsFilter") || Proxy.isProxy(type));
}
public Object unmarshal(HierarchicalStreamReader reader, UnmarshallingContext context) {
throw new ConversionException("Unsupported type due to security reasons.");
}
public void marshal(Object source, HierarchicalStreamWriter writer, MarshallingContext context) {
throw new ConversionException("Unsupported type due to security reasons.");
}
}, XStream.PRIORITY_LOW);
Credits
Chen L found and reported the issue to XStream and provided the required information to reproduce it. He was supported by Zhihong Tian and Hui Lu, both from Guangzhou University.
References
See full information about the nature of the vulnerability and the steps to reproduce it in XStream's documentation for CVE-2020-26217.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in XStream * Contact us at XStream Google Group
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.4.13"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.4.14-java7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-26217"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-11-16T20:06:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-16T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to run arbitrary shell commands only by manipulating the processed input stream.\n\n### Patches\nIf you rely on XStream\u0027s default blacklist of the [Security Framework](https://x-stream.github.io/security.html#framework), you will have to use at least version 1.4.14.\n\n### Workarounds\nNo user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream\u0027s Security Framework with a whitelist! Anyone relying on XStream\u0027s default blacklist can immediately switch to a whilelist for the allowed types to avoid the vulnerability.\n\nUsers of XStream 1.4.13 or below who still want to use XStream default blacklist can use a workaround depending on their version in use.\n\nUsers of XStream 1.4.13 can simply add two lines to XStream\u0027s setup code:\n```Java\nxstream.denyTypes(new String[]{ \"javax.imageio.ImageIO$ContainsFilter\" });\nxstream.denyTypes(new Class[]{ java.lang.ProcessBuilder.class });\n```\nUsers of XStream 1.4.12 to 1.4.7 who want to use XStream with a black list will have to setup such a list from scratch and deny at least the following types: _javax.imageio.ImageIO$ContainsFilter_, _java.beans.EventHandler_, _java.lang.ProcessBuilder_, _java.lang.Void_ and _void_.\n```Java\nxstream.denyTypes(new String[]{ \"javax.imageio.ImageIO$ContainsFilter\" });\nxstream.denyTypes(new Class[]{ java.lang.ProcessBuilder.class, java.beans.EventHandler.class, java.lang.ProcessBuilder.class, java.lang.Void.class, void.class });\n```\nUsers of XStream 1.4.6 or below can register an own converter to prevent the unmarshalling of the currently know critical types of the Java runtime. It is in fact an updated version of the workaround for CVE-2013-7285:\n```Java\nxstream.registerConverter(new Converter() {\n public boolean canConvert(Class type) {\n return type != null \u0026\u0026 (type == java.beans.EventHandler.class || type == java.lang.ProcessBuilder.class || type == java.lang.Void.class || void.class || type.getName().equals(\"javax.imageio.ImageIO$ContainsFilter\") || Proxy.isProxy(type));\n }\n\n public Object unmarshal(HierarchicalStreamReader reader, UnmarshallingContext context) {\n throw new ConversionException(\"Unsupported type due to security reasons.\");\n }\n\n public void marshal(Object source, HierarchicalStreamWriter writer, MarshallingContext context) {\n throw new ConversionException(\"Unsupported type due to security reasons.\");\n }\n}, XStream.PRIORITY_LOW);\n```\n\n### Credits\nChen L found and reported the issue to XStream and provided the required information to reproduce it. He was supported by Zhihong Tian and Hui Lu, both from Guangzhou University.\n\n### References\nSee full information about the nature of the vulnerability and the steps to reproduce it in XStream\u0027s documentation for [CVE-2020-26217](https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2020-26217.html).\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [XStream](https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/issues)\n* Contact us at [XStream Google Group](https://groups.google.com/group/xstream-user)",
"id": "GHSA-mw36-7c6c-q4q2",
"modified": "2025-09-03T15:04:44Z",
"published": "2020-11-16T20:07:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/security/advisories/GHSA-mw36-7c6c-q4q2"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/commit/0fec095d534126931c99fd38e9c6d41f5c685c1a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2020-26217.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4811"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210409-0004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/12/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/redde3609b89b2a4ff18b536a06ef9a77deb93d47fda8ed28086fa8c3@%3Cissues.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r826a006fda71cc96fc87b6eca4b5d195f19a292ad36cea501682c38c@%3Cissues.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r7c9fc255edc0b9cd9567093d131f6d33fde4c662aaf912460ef630e9@%3Ccommits.camel.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2de526726e7f4db4a7cb91b7355070779f51a84fd985c6529c2f4e9e@%3Cissues.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/x-stream/xstream"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "XStream can be used for Remote Code Execution"
}
GHSA-MW47-2HRX-68VV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-30 18:22 – Updated: 2022-04-30 18:22Terminal 1.3 in Apple Mac OS X 10.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a telnet:// link, which is executed by Terminal.app window.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2002-1898"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2002-12-31T05:00:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Terminal 1.3 in Apple Mac OS X 10.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a telnet:// link, which is executed by Terminal.app window.",
"id": "GHSA-mw47-2hrx-68vv",
"modified": "2022-04-30T18:22:05Z",
"published": "2022-04-30T18:22:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2002-1898"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://apple.slashdot.org/apple/02/09/21/122236.shtml?tid=172"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2002/Sep/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.iss.net/security_center/static/10156.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5768"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-MW64-2C3H-CCP9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-01 00:00 – Updated: 2021-12-04 00:01An issue was discovered on Victure WR1200 devices through 1.0.3. A command injection vulnerability was found within the web interface of the device, allowing an attacker with valid credentials to inject arbitrary shell commands to be executed by the device with root privileges. This occurs in the ping and traceroute features. An attacker would thus be able to use this vulnerability to open a reverse shell on the device with root privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-43283"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-30T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on Victure WR1200 devices through 1.0.3. A command injection vulnerability was found within the web interface of the device, allowing an attacker with valid credentials to inject arbitrary shell commands to be executed by the device with root privileges. This occurs in the ping and traceroute features. An attacker would thus be able to use this vulnerability to open a reverse shell on the device with root privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-mw64-2c3h-ccp9",
"modified": "2021-12-04T00:01:28Z",
"published": "2021-12-01T00:00:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43283"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/11/12/technical-advisory-multiple-vulnerabilities-in-victure-wr1200-wifi-router-cve-2021-43282-cve-2021-43283-cve-2021-43284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nccgroup.trust/us/our-research/?research=Technical+advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-MW65-XRM6-GRCV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-23 18:30 – Updated: 2025-04-02 18:30The management portal component of JetNexus/EdgeNexus ADC 4.2.8 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability. This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands through a specially crafted payload. This vulnerability can also be exploited from an unauthenticated context via unspecified vectors
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-37718"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-23T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The management portal component of JetNexus/EdgeNexus ADC 4.2.8 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability. This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands through a specially crafted payload. This vulnerability can also be exploited from an unauthenticated context via unspecified vectors",
"id": "GHSA-mw65-xrm6-grcv",
"modified": "2025-04-02T18:30:43Z",
"published": "2023-01-23T18:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37718"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cryptnetix.com/blog/2022/09/14/Edge-Nexus-Vulnerability-Disclosure.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.edgenexus.io/products/load-balancer"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MW9W-2X4J-FVHH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 19:24 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:31Sewio’s Real-Time Location System (RTLS) Studio version 2.0.0 up to and including version 2.6.2 does not properly validate the input module name to the monitor services of the software. This could allow a remote attacker to access sensitive functions of the application and execute arbitrary system commands.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-43483"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-18T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Sewio\u2019s Real-Time Location System (RTLS) Studio version 2.0.0 up to and including version 2.6.2 does not properly validate the input module name to the monitor services of the software. This could allow a remote attacker to access sensitive functions of the application and execute arbitrary system commands.",
"id": "GHSA-mw9w-2x4j-fvhh",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:31:36Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T19:24:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43483"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-23-012-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MWFR-MJ36-QV8W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-05 15:31 – Updated: 2026-05-05 18:33The GoAhead web server on MeiG Smart FORGE_SLT711 devices (firmware MDM9607.LE.1.0-00110-STD.PROD-1) allows unauthenticated OS command injection via the /action/SetRemoteAccessCfg endpoint.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-36356"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-05T14:16:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The GoAhead web server on MeiG Smart FORGE_SLT711 devices (firmware MDM9607.LE.1.0-00110-STD.PROD-1) allows unauthenticated OS command injection via the /action/SetRemoteAccessCfg endpoint.",
"id": "GHSA-mwfr-mj36-qv8w",
"modified": "2026-05-05T18:33:23Z",
"published": "2026-05-05T15:31:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-36356"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/totekuh/CVE-2026-36356"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://forgeslt711.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://meig.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MWFW-2PX5-7MXX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-27 18:32 – Updated: 2026-02-27 15:34Insecure file operations in HPE Aruba Networking Fabric Composer’s backup functionality could allow authenticated attackers to achieve remote code execution. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23592"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-27T18:15:56Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Insecure file operations in HPE Aruba Networking Fabric Composer\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s backup functionality could allow authenticated attackers to achieve remote code execution. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system.",
"id": "GHSA-mwfw-2px5-7mxx",
"modified": "2026-02-27T15:34:09Z",
"published": "2026-01-27T18:32:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23592"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbnw04996en_us\u0026docLocale=en_US"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MWH6-C243-9PV7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:46 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:34QNAP QTS before 4.2.4 Build 20170313 allows attackers to gain administrator privileges and execute arbitrary commands via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-6359"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-03-23T16:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "QNAP QTS before 4.2.4 Build 20170313 allows attackers to gain administrator privileges and execute arbitrary commands via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-mwh6-c243-9pv7",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:34:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:46:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6359"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41842"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qnap.com/en-us/releasenotes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/support/con_show.php?cid=113"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97059"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97072"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038091"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-4.3
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
Mitigation MIT-28
Strategy: Output Encoding
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Mitigation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
Mitigation MIT-27
Strategy: Parameterization
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When constructing OS command strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
- Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing OS command injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent OS command injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, when invoking a mail program, you might need to allow the subject field to contain otherwise-dangerous inputs like ";" and ">" characters, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the character might reduce the risk of OS command injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the subject field would not be recorded as the user intended. This might seem to be a minor inconvenience, but it could be more important when the program relies on well-structured subject lines in order to pass messages to other components.
- Even if you make a mistake in your validation (such as forgetting one out of 100 input fields), appropriate encoding is still likely to protect you from injection-based attacks. As long as it is not done in isolation, input validation is still a useful technique, since it may significantly reduce your attack surface, allow you to detect some attacks, and provide other security benefits that proper encoding does not address.
Mitigation MIT-21
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-39
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of OS Command Injection, error information passed back to the user might reveal whether an OS command is being executed and possibly which command is being used.
Mitigation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Use runtime policy enforcement to create an allowlist of allowable commands, then prevent use of any command that does not appear in the allowlist. Technologies such as AppArmor are available to do this.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-16
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection
An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-6: Argument Injection
An attacker changes the behavior or state of a targeted application through injecting data or command syntax through the targets use of non-validated and non-filtered arguments of exposed services or methods.
CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection
In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.